What is chlamydia ureamicoplasmosis trichomoniasis. Treatment and symptoms of chlamydia, ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis

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Doctor Maria Nikolaev

Treatment of cytomegalovirus begins with confirmation of the diagnosis and determining the attending physician in the profile compartment. The basis of therapy is antiviral drugs, but symptomatic means are also used, which facilitate human condition.

Cytomegalovirus infection (CMWI) is an infectious disease, which is related to viral pathologies, often develops in young people and middle-aged patients. It is possible to get rid of this disease only with an integrated approach to person and the selection of an individual diagnostic and therapy strategy.

The treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in adults can be engaged at once several specialists, this is:

infectious
immunologist;
therapist.

Depending on the flow of cytomegalovirus infection, narrow specialists can also be involved in the treatment, a gastronterologist, a neuropathologist, dermatovenerologist. The lesion of the genital organs during primary infection occurs extremely rarely, however, it is still found. In such cases, it is necessary to carry out differential diagnosis with diseases transmitting sexually transmitted.

The necessary conditions for the development of the active inflammatory process is to reduce the reactivity of the immune system. Therefore, when identifying the CMWI, a mandatory consultation in the immunologist should be held. The identification of concomitant pathology allows not only to correct the state of the person, but also to prevent the development of recurrences in the future.

What is cytomegalovirus?

Cytomegalovirus - the genus of viruses of the family of herpesviruses. This virus is quite common, cytomegalovirus antibodies today can be found about 10-15% of adolescents, and 40% of adults. Recognize the presence of cytomegalovirus unfortunately can not be right away - this disease has an incubation period that can last up to 60 days. Throughout this period, the disease can not be displayed in any way, but after it will definitely be an unexpected and sharp flash, which in most cases can provoke stress, supercooling or overall decrease in the immune system. To greatly regret, quite often the cytomegalovirirus is confused with such a few, as an ARZ and ORVI, since this virus is quite similar to its symptoms: the body temperature rises, headache, general weakness appears. If the cytomegalovirus is not recognized on time, the consequences may be more than serious: pneumonia, arthritis, encephalitis, etc.

Since this virus was discovered not so long ago, in 1956, he was still not enough. In the world of science, this virus is still subject to hot discussion. In practice, this virus often becomes the main subject for serious speculation. Let's look together together, which is cytomegalovirus and most importantly, which is dangerous.

Cytomegalovirus infection

It is possible to infected with cytomegalovirus with sexual contact (through cum or through the mucus of the cervical channel), saliva, breast milk and through blood. Infecting infectious children occurs during childbirth or breastfeeding. Older children can infect each other, most often it happens in kindergarten, where common toys that are taken in the mouth with all the children, that is, the infection occurs through saliva.

Adults, as already mentioned, most often get this virus through kisses and sex contacts. It is necessary to note the fact that cytomegalovirus is not very contagious, in the sense that in order to catch it, it is necessary to be long enough for a sick person.

Prevalence cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus is quite common among people, 10-15% of young people of adolescence, antibodies of this virus are detected. Unfortunately, this virus is found in 50% of people aged 35 years and older.

Symptoms of cytomegalovirus

People who have a normal immune system can be infected with cytomegalovirus and not to know about it, as the immune system will keep the virus in the depressed state, therefore, the disease will proceed asymptomatic, without causing harm. In rare cases, people with normal immunity, cytomegalovirus can cause a mononucleosus-like syndrome.

Mononucleosus-like syndrome usually appears in about 20-60 days, after the person has become infected with the virus and lasts from 2 to 6 weeks. The manifestation of this syndrome includes the following symptoms: Increased body temperature, chills, strong fatigue, general malaise and severe headache. Mononucleosus-like syndrome in most cases ends safely, full of human recovery.

In people with a weak or weakened immunity (HIV-infected, patients with oncological diseases, etc.), cytomegalovirus causes heavy diseases, the eye, light, brain and digestive system occurs, which ultimately leads to a fatal outcome.

If the child during pregnancy (not during childbirth) has become infected with cytomegalovirus, it can develop cytomegalovirus infection. This leads to severe diseases of the central nervous system (lag in mental development, hearing lobs). And in 20-30% of cases, to death.

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Danger of cytomegalovirus

Small results can be summed up: cytomegalovirus is most dangerous only in two cases. These are people with weakened immunity and children who have been infected during the fetus in the womb, which has become infected with a virus during pregnancy.

Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus

You can identify the cytomegalovirus itself directly by sowing, detecting antigens, PCR, all this has an exceptionally limited meaning. The most basic method of diagnosing this virus is the detection of antibodies in the body to it. It is necessary to clarify that the definition of antibodies to the cytomegalovirus cannot distinguish the infection at the moment in the body, from the suffered infection earlier. The fact that the body is activated by the virus, the increase in antibody titer is always evidenced by four or even more than four times.

On the topic: the best products that increase immunity

Distribution of cytomeglovirus infection

Infection of this type of infections occurs in several ways:

airborne droplets and when exchanging salivary partners when kissing;
contact-sex;
in the process of blood transfusion from the recipient of the infected donor;
prenatal (intrauterine) fetal infection;
child infection during the passage of the mother's pathways;
through Mother's milk with the natural type of feeding.

Doctors reassure that the airborne path is far from the most common way to infect CMWI, and simple communication with the carrier rarely causes infection. The most common ways are a kiss and intimate connection.

Symptoms of cytomegalovirus infection

In medical practice, three main variants of the CMV infection flow are considered, for each of which a certain approach is required:

the virus in the human body that does not have impaired immune system;
virus in persons with impairment of the full functioning of the immune system;
congenital generalized cytomegaly.

Each of these groups have their own features of the course of the disease and symptoms.

For a patient who has a good immunity, which does not suffer from serious diseases, the current CMV infection will resemble common colds or ARVI. Headaches may occur and overeating, fast fatigue and dispersion of attention, runny nose, signs of bronchitis, as well as pulling pain in the muscles. This course of the disease, called mononucleositis-like syndrome, can be accompanied by an increase in temperature or chills, in a stronger form of inflammation of almonds or an increase in lymph nodes. Since 2-6 weeks, the antibodies produced by the body themselves cope with the infection without leaving the trace, then the patients prone to self-medication often do not recognize the true diagnosis, writing off malaise on flu or colds. The Incubation period of the CMVI lasts from three weeks to two months, so the relationship with the real source of infection is usually the patient also not marks.

It rarely manifests itself with a chronic form of a disease that makes itself felt by rare violations of the urogenital system, in the form of non-fire inflammation. This type of disease flow is dangerous by recurrences, advancing while reducing the body's protective forces. In addition, the carrier representing the danger to people living with him in one room and the sexual partner, the patient, himself practically does not experience inconvenience from the latent form of the virus, is also.

To the second group of persons for whom cytomegalovirus is the greatest danger, belong:

person with positive HIV status;
persons under the course of chemotherapy or immunosuppressants;
persons who are on supporting therapy after transplantation of organs or after serious surgical intervention;
patients in hemodialysis.

In this group of patients, the disease proceeds the most acute and has serious consequences. The virus affects and destroys the liver tissue, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands, stomach and pancreas. External manifestations can be similar to the symptoms of pneumonia or ulcers, the appearance of rash and visually noticeable increase in the volume of salivary glands and lymph nodes. The platelet content is sharply reduced.

For patients with immunodeficiency, cytomegalovirus infection is one of the frequent causes of death.

The last group is children born from a mother carrying the virus in active form. The emergence of a child with such pathology is not uncommon, although the fruit infected before the 12th week is rarely survived, as a rule, such a pregnancy ends with miscarriage.

Development of the disease

The incubation period is 20-60 days, an acute flow of 2-6 weeks after the incubation period. Finding in the body in a latent state both after infection and during attenuation periods - an unlimited time. Even the field of treatment of the course of treatment, the virus in the body lives life, keeping the risk of recurrence, so the safety of pregnancy and full-fledged tooling doctors cannot guarantee even when the rack and long-lasting remission occurs.

CMV infection and its diagnostics

After complaints about general malaise and other symptoms, characterized by such infections, a set of analyzes is assigned to confirm or refutate the preliminary diagnosis. In the case of cytomegalovirus infection, the virus can be selected and described in detail after a number of studies presented for the analysis of liquids: blood, sperm, saliva, urine. Most often the urine analysis is carried out.

The research methods are:

sowing on culture or hybridization;
polymerase chain reaction (diagnosis with nucleic acids aimed at determining DNA CMV);
serodiagnosis.

PCR or polymerase chain reaction - a procedure with nucleic acids aimed at determining DNA CMV and confirming their presence in the presented liquid. Based on this method, the exact diagnosis is not raised, since the presence of cells does not mean their activity. Based on this study, the question of the need for further surrenders.

The seeding method for most laboratories is the main, since it does not require special equipment. Thanks to this study, the type of virus is established, its shape and degree of aggressiveness. Also, in the resulting sowing colony of culture, experiments are carried out on the selection of the most effective method of treatment, since in each case it is individually.

The laboratory method of serodiagnostics involves the search not only for the virus itself, but also produced by the organism of antibodies, the presence of which at the concentration above the norm indicates the presence of CMWI in one form or another. The diagnosis is considered confirmed in the case of the detection of the virus itself or in the case of identifying the pattern of increasing the number of IgG antibodies. For this purpose, the analysis is carried out several times with an interval of 10-15 days. Under the constancy of the figure, the superior normal, the content of antibodies in several analyzes can be diagnosed with the latent state of the disease, since the total cure is impossible. The accurate confirmation of the form of form peculiar to primary infection is the presence in an IGM acute phase antibody sample.

Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy

The diagnosis of "Cytomegalovirus" in Russia is made by each 4th pregnant, observed in women's consultation. In persons leading the asocial lifestyle and prone to disorderly sexual relations, this indicator is higher, as for all STDs. Up to 85% of children born from the Mother Citamegalovirus carrying shape have deviations in health and development provoked by this disease. It may be vices:

delay in the growth and development of the kid (including serious mental retardation),
vasculites of several types;
various types of skin rashes;
impairment of vision (including retinations) and hearing (for example, congenital hearing loss);
an increase in internal organs;
the pathology of the development of teeth.

Mortality in children in this case reaches 30%, and infection in the early periods almost always ends with miscarriage. With a favorable development of pregnancy, which allowed the fetus to remain not infected, the risk of infection remains to the process of childbirth. A child can get an infection from both contact with the mucous membrane during the passage of the generic pathways and through blood, if the childbirth occurs through the operation of the cesarean section. And taking into account cases of infection through the maternal milk chances for the full development of a healthy baby in a patient with an acute form of cytomegalovirus infection, the mother practically remains.

At the same time, the latent or "sleeping" form of the virus does not represent substantial danger to the fetus. Nature itself took care of the protection of the child. If the immunity of the mother copes with the virus present in the body or the infection has already penetrated into the body before conception and does not show itself, then its antibodies will be given to the birth. In addition, the placenta is an excellent filter capable of protecting the fetus from aggressive impact. Therefore, those who are observed by a doctor who are pregnant, who immediately after the diagnosis are waiting for the appointment of any drugs and procedures, should not worry if medicines were not spelled out. All that is needed in this case - observation and measures to strengthen immunity.

The survey on the cytomegalovirus infection is included in the standard free set of analyzes, which allows when planned pregnancy eliminate these risks, having passed the course of treatment in advance. In the absence of immunity to cytomegalovirus, confirmed by the negative IGG results in the ELISA, pregnant should be observed at least once every 3 months for the full risk exception to skip the early stage of infection, which is most dangerous. The best prevention of infection from the patient in the acute stage is the control of sexual relations, protected by sex and timely examination of both partners.

Treatment of cytomegalovirus

Speaking about the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection, two points should be taken into account:

people who do not have health problems are not required;
people with weakened immunity treatment is vital.

Full cure from cytomegalovirus is impossible, as is impossible to independent selection of drugs that reduce the viral load on the body. The course of the disease in each illness is purely individually and the complex of drugs, which is most often therapy, should be selected according to the results of the analyzes of a particular patient.

Complex treatment in the case of cytomegalovirus infection combines two necessary directions. First, the maximum destruction of the virus itself, secondly, the maintenance of the human immune system and the awakening of its own protective functions. Antiviral drugs are used to destroy the virus, such as Panavir. Also, treatment with Gancyclovir, Foksarnet or Vangancyclovir can be prescribed. All these drugs are toxic, their use has a list of side effects and contraindications. Self-recognition and self-treatment is prohibited with such means, since with the wrong choice of the drug, the effect may be the opposite: the immune system, without sustaining such an additional load, it will become even more vulnerable to the virus.

In some cases, the doctor may be appointed with immunoglobulin treatment, that is, a drug prepared from human blood and already containing a small amount of antibodies that can resist infection. This course of intravenous injection is only under the control of the health worker, strictly according to the prescribed schedule. The use of this method has already proven its effectiveness, but the full picture of its action on the body has not been finally studied, so the appointment will occur only after passing the full spectrum of analyzes. In addition, there are a number of contraindications for the treatment of cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin:

parallel holding the course of other vaccinations containing a strain of a virus;
diabetes mellitus of any type;
allergic predisposition of the body;
kidney problems and renal failure;
pregnancy and breast feeding.

The use of the method requires control over all the changes in the body: when shorting, problems with urination, the appearance of signs of colds and viral diseases, even in a light form, a sharp weight gain and the appearance of swelling are required to immediately inform the attending physician and, possibly, adjust the course of treatment. Also, the manifestations of an allergic reaction to the drug may be symptoms similar to meningitis: drowsiness, cutting in the eyes with sharp lighting, nausea and vomiting.

Prevention of CMV infection

The prevention of infection with cytomegalovirus infection doctors primarily refer to the use of condoms during sex with a non-permanent partner, to doubt the health status of which there are grounds. It is also worth excluding kisses with a person who has signs of any viral infectious disease: a runny nose, throat pain, weakness and elevated temperature. Particularly relevant precautions for pregnant women who are responsible for their unborn baby, therefore should be especially careful.

For all viral diseases, the most effective prevention is the strengthening of immunity. Accordingly, these are all those methods that are known since childhood:

hardening the body;
culture of hygiene and physical education;
control over the menu and adding vitamins into it;
biologically active additives.

Of the medicinal herbs, effective for the treatment and prevention of any viral diseases, including cytomegalovirus infection, can be called stain shen, echinacea, lemongrass. Their use in the form of teas has a positive effect both when dealing with the virus itself and as a common community and immunostimulating agent.

Which doctor treats cytomegalovirus

The treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in adults can be engaged at once several specialists, this is:

infectious
immunologist;
therapist.

Cytomegalovirus in pregnant women should treat an infectious behalf and an immunologist together with an obstetrician-gynecologist, which leads a woman during the entire period of the baby tooling.

Features of treatment

The standard for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in adults is the appointment of Gancyclovir 2 times a day or Vangancyclovir - 2 times a day. The duration of therapy depends on the form and manifestations of the disease and can be from 14 to 21 days. If there is a DNA CMV DNA in the blood after three weeks of therapy, the duration of treatment can be increased.

Supporting therapy is based on the reception of Vangancyclovir at least a month. Valacyclovir or Valtrex in the treatment scheme of cytomegalovirus infection is less commonly. Valacyclovir has less activity in the ratio of cytomegalovirus and can be used as an alternative to the main drugs in the development of side effects or allergic reactions to them.

People with immunosuppression, especially HIV-infected, are extremely infected with cytomegalovirus infection and the development of heavy generalized forms. For preventive treatment (therapy that prevents the development of the disease) use Vangancyclovir for a month or more.

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In patients suffering from human immunodeficiency virus, the treatment of CMWI is carried out only against the background of antiretroviral therapy.

Women, with acute manifestations of the CMWI during pregnancy, it is recommended to take therapy to prevent vertical infection of the fetus. For this, in a medical institution, a special preparation "neositotect" is used. It is introduced intravenously, 6 times. The drug is used exclusively under the control of the DNA activity of the virus in the blood.

How to treat cytomegalovirus - in detail about drug therapy

Complex therapy of cytomegalovirus infection allows to get rid of the manifestations of the disease in the acute phase. The basis of treatment is antiviral agents. Supplement their preparations of symptomatic therapy.

The scheme and treatment technique are selected individually for each patient. At the same time, not only the manifestations of the disease, but also the state of the human body, the presence of either the absence of chronic diseases is taken into account. An important role in the selection of drugs and their dosages is played by the state of the human immune system and the possibility of forming immunodeficiency.

Antiviral tools

For the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in adults, it is recommended to use 2 drugs - "Gancyclovir" and "Vangancycling". They are also used for the secondary prevention and prevention of CMVI manifestation.

In the event of a manifest form of cytomegalovirus infection, treatment is carried out by Ganciclovir. The drug is introduced in the hospital conditions intravenously - 2 times a day with an interval at 12 o'clock. The duration of treatment depends on the leading clinical symptom and the severity of the disease.

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The defeat of more than three systems of the body requires mandatory treatment and observation of medical personnel in a hospital.

Several criteria for the effectiveness of the therapy used:

normalization of the patient's well-being;
reducing the number of cytomegalovirus DNA particles in the dynamics;
positive dynamics based on the results of instrumental examinations;
reducing clinical manifestations of the disease.

The proven effectiveness in the treatment of CMV has exclusively antiviral drugs. Immochargent means, as well as drugs of interferon series, were recognized in ineffective.

In the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in children also use the drug immunoglobulin "neositotect". In the manifest form and the defeat of the central nervous system, Ganciclovir is appointed in children, despite its side effects. The absence of the appointment of a specific antiviral drug during CMVI can lead to a fatal outcome of the baby.

With a constant immunodeficiency condition, a person and his loved ones need to be ready for constant Recurities of the CMVI. Such patients are recommended to perform laboratory studies to exclude recurrences at least 1 time in 3 months.

Even with the use of effective preparations that reduce the activity of the infectious process, the side effects are possible. Especially often this is observed with a complicated clinical history of the patient.

The main side effects of the application of antiviral agents:

nausea;
headache;
some weakness;
fatigue;
stool disorders;
disorders of appetite;
some increase in liver enzyme activity;
redness of the skin - the appearance of rash.

When negative effects appear, you should not stop therapy at once. It is necessary to try to correct the immunity, and assign symptomatic therapy. If the latter does not help - then the antiviral drug is replaced.

Symptomatic therapy

Cytomegalovirus infection is treated not only by antiviral drugs. A comprehensive approach also involves the use of medication tools of symptomatic therapy. They are helping to fight unpleasant manifestations of the disease, and also allow to improve the work of various organs and systems.

Cytomegalovirus treatment diagram includes:

Antiviral medicines to excrete cytomegalovirus infection from the body.
Disinfection therapy - "Reosorbilact".
Leflomoid - the immunomodulatory drug is shown for therapy of patients suffering from the active form of the CMWI against the human immunodeficiency virus.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory means - "ibuprofen", "nimesil" - help reduce the intensity of the inflammatory process and normalize the body temperature.
Vitamins A, C, E - prevent the viral particles from entering healthy cells and prevent the destruction of already amazed structures. Ascorbic acid, Aevit and multivitamin complexes are used.

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Depending on the manifestations of the disease, other drugs can also be added to the treatment circuit of cytomegalovirus infection. For example, with the defeat of the gastrointestinal tract for the normalization of acidity, "omeprazole" or "Pantoprazole" is also used. And with the damage to the respiratory organs by cytomegalovirus as an oxygen inhalation drug or expectorant means.

The appointment of additional drug therapy with cytomegalovirus must be agreed with the attending physician!

Is it possible to cure from cytomegalovirus forever?

In order to cure cytomegalovirus infection, it will be necessary to undergo a long course of therapy in the hospital. You can get rid of the CMW only in the case of strictly complying with the recommendations of the doctor.

You can only talk about the full cure of the disease when the particles of the virus are not found in the internal organs, as well as human blood. Unfortunately, it is impossible to make the biopsy of all organs. Therefore, the full cure of cytomegalovirus infection is spoken in the absence of a virus in human blood.

The second factor that allows us to talk about the cure of the CMWI, is the absence of any clinical manifestations of the disease. The results of laboratory, as well as instrumental examinations should not indicate an active inflammatory process.

Unfortunately, quite often during therapy is significantly suppressed by the activity of the virus, due to which its particles are not detected in the blood and do not cause the active form of the disease. And in the presence of immunosuppression, the cytomegalovirus begins to actively share and cause the development of recurrences of the disease. Therefore, immunospleassed people cannot be told to cure cytomegalovirus forever.

In the case of chronic immunodeficiency states, not only the duration of therapy, but also the dosage of drugs is increasing. At the same time, the only reliable method for checking the elimination of a viral agent from the body is biopsy.

In what cases the treatment is really necessary

Despite the fact that most diseases are recommended to treat from the moment the infectious agent fall into the body, after the CMWI infection, they recommend to apply another approach. In particular, after entering the body and penetration into the cell structures, the virus is attacked by immune cells.

Not in all cases, treatment is necessary - tablets from cytomegalovirus pathology apply only in cases of the active process. In such cases, therapeutic therapy of the cytomegalovirus will be based on specific symptoms and signs of lesion of organ systems.

The defeat of the central nervous system.
Involvement of several organism systems.
The generalized form of cytomegalovirus infection should be treated solely in the hospital.
Children, with a congenital form of the disease, regardless of its manifestations.
Selection of blood virus with PCR.
Children with heavy defects.

After infection with an infectious agent, the treatment of CMVI in adults is not carried out. Only after confirmation of the development of the disease can be prescribed drugs.

Medical treatment is the basis of CMWI therapy. No folk remedies can save a person from breeding cytomegalovirus in the body. The use of folk techniques instead of adequate drug therapy can lead to the progression of the disease and fatal outcome.

Sources

https://www.ayzdorov.ru/ttermini_cytomegalovirus.php.
http://bezbooleznej.ru/citomegalovirus.
https://herpes.center/gerpesvirus/citomegalovirus-lechenie.

The cytomegal virus affects many organs and systems of the human body, has several transmission mechanisms and entrance gates, but priority is preserved for the oppression of the work of the immune system. Therefore, treatment of cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) primarily should be directed to the correction and restoration of the cellular immunity. Cytomegalovirus during primary hit in the body will persist in the target cells, violating the normal immune response.

Mechanism of transmission and pathogenesis of the disease

It's not easy to infect CMV. This requires very close contact. Typically, infection occurs in groups and crowded places. The source of this infection is only a person - a patient of a manifest form or a virus carrier (asymptomatic flow).

Translation factors:

saliva (the highest concentrations);
urine;
female milk;
selecting genital tract: mucus of the cervical canal, sperm;
blood;
spinal fluid.

The main pathways of the virus penetration into the human body:

The virus has an affinity for the following types of human cells:

monocytes;
macrophages;
epithelium;
endothelium vessels;
neurons;
hepatocytes.

Micro-target CMV:

salivary glands;
kidney;
bile ducts;
pancreas;
intestines;
bronchioles and alveoli;
thyroid;
brain;
liver

If you get on the mucous membranes or skin, the virus penetrates the bloodstream. Then settles in "favorite cells", the immune system is activated and tries to destroy the pathogen. Clinically, this period may be accompanied by inflammation of the salivary glands or mononucleoside-like syndrome. But most often this stage proceeds without any manifestations. Then cytomegalovirus infection goes into the latent state. The virus persists in the body while maintaining it in the tissues and organs for life.

Reactivation of infection occurs when the following provoking factors are affected:

The greatest danger of cytomegalovirus in women is in pregnancy, since the primary meeting with CMV or its reactivation can lead congenital cytomegalia.

It is at the stage of reactivation of the cytomegalovirus who must pass antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment. Finding it in immunocompetent cells during persistence causes suppression of immunity. Clinicians classify this infection on congenital and acquired.

Manifestations of acquired CMV

Positive analysis for the presence of antibodies to this infection has 80% of the adult population. The CMV is considered child infection, since a meeting with a virus for the majority occurs in childhood. The first contact with CMV often proceeds asymptomatic for a person, but the virus remains with him for life. With a decrease in the body's protective forces, the reactivation of infection with the manifestation of clinical symptoms occurs.

The incubation period lasts from 15 days to 3 months. The CMV clinic depends on the state of the immune system.

In people with normal operation of the immune system, the infection is manifested as follows:

In persons with a reduced immune response, as well as in infants, this infection proceeds with the defeat of many organs:

The younger age, the greater the likelihood of the presence of symptoms of the disease. Teenagers and adults cytomegaly occurs more often latent.

Manifestations of congenital CMV

The manifestations and degree of fetus destruction are largely determined by the immunity of the mother, as well as the terms of infection. Pregnant woman can convey the child to infection in 2 cases:

Congenital CMV can manifest in a manifest or latent form. Chronic infection develops when infected in early pregnancy. The child is born small with robes of development: microcephalus, blindness and deafness.

The virus penetrates the fetus at the moment when its immune system is immature and cannot adequately respond to the antigen. Children are born more often. At birth, even with a latent infection, there is an oppression of the cellular immunity, jaundice and a slight increase in liver and spleen.

Diagnosis and treatment

To detect DNA CMV, PCR is carried out. They are examined not only blood, but also other biological fluids: urine, saliva, liquor, smear material from the urethra and cervical canal. Since the treatment of cytomegalovirus must be accompanied by a decrease in the number of virions, necessarily determine the viral load using PCR. With a positive dynamics, the load is reduced.

In order to determine the degree of immune response, the blood test on the antibody to the virus is carried out:

Also used the culture method for the study of biological fluids for the presence of a virus.

In general blood test, there is a decrease in leukocytes, platelets, an increase in monocytes, lymphocytes. After 2-3 weeks from the beginning of the disease, atypical mononuclears appear in an amount up to 10%.

Cured cytomegalovirus is forever it is possible, but to suppress active infection, and it is possible to provide a long-term remission using an arsenal of modern drugs.

Antiviral chemotherapeutic drugs

The most effective means in the fight against CMV are antiviral drugs. They oppress the virus replication by oppression of one of the enzymes - DNA polymerase:

Chemotherapy is shown in the generalized form of CMV with inclusion in the process of retinal, lungs. Preparations are very toxic, so the use of them is limited. Medicamans have a negative impact on the kidneys dividing cells, have a carcinogenic and teratogenic property.

Therefore, children and pregnant women do not apply them. In exceptional cases, when the child's life threatens a danger, the attending physician may convene a consignment, which resolves the question of how to treat cytomegalovirus infection in a child with antiviral means.

Contraindications:

reduced hemoglobin below 80 g / l;
platelet level below 250 thousand * 10¹² g / l;
the absolute indicator of neutrophil content is below 500 cells in microliter;
age up to 12 years;
pregnancy;
heavy renal failure.

Side effects:

There is a method of impact of the Hancyclovir capsule in the vitreous body of the eye for the treatment of retinit.

Interferons

The CMV causes a weak natural production of interferon leukocytes, therefore the treatment circuit of cytomegalovirus should be supplemented with interferon preparations to restore the normal level of this substance in the blood. If cytomegalovirus infection flows in a light form, the isolated treatment of interferon suppositories is carried out.

In any treatment scheme, immunomodulators should be included. The following interferon preparations are most often used:

Viferon;
Genferon;

Hyperimmune human immunoglobulin cytotect

The tool contains ready-made cytomegalovirus antibodies. This medication is very effective in the treatment of CMV: it creates a passive immunity to infection.

The drug is allowed to use in pregnant women and children. An indication for treatment with a cytotect is generalized and clinically pronounced forms of CMV.

For the prevention of CMV infection during organ transplantation, 1 injection of cytoteject is performed before the operation in 1 ML / 1 kg dosage.

Side effects:

anaphylactic shock;
head and articular pains;
nausea and vomiting;
reduced arterial pressure.

Contraindication is the presence of allergies on human immunoglobulin in history.

Modern additional methods of treating CMV. These methods greatly increase the activity of the cellular immunity:

Cryomodification of outoplasms: The method allows you to exclude antibody from the blood of the patient, inflammation mediators.
Extracorporeal immunopharmacotherapy: Leukocytes are isolated from the blood, they are treated with immunomodulators, and then returned to the bloodstream.

Before starting the treatment of cytomegalovirus, it is necessary to accurately diagnose the disease and determine whether the treatment of the CMWI is needed in your case. Since it is not always required, you need to know about it. In addition, to diagnose the presence of cytomegalovirus infection is not easy and CMV is easily confused with other diseases. Below we will talk about how to cure cytomegalovirus and what it is treated, as well as in what cases it is necessary.

Cytomegalovirus infection should be treated only when the disease is an undisputed danger to the human body. Clearly identifies such cases only a specialist, after visiting the diseased clinic to diagnose the disease. In the event that the body has symptoms of a generalized cytomegalovirus infection, then it is extremely important to turn to the clinic. The treatment diagram of cytomegalovirus can be prepared only after the patient's personal inspection.

A man who suffered a cytomegalovirus and transferred an infectious disease without certain serious consequences, acquires quite strong immunity. In the overwhelming majority cytomegalovirus infection, hitting the human body, no symptoms cause. The virus itself in the body takes the sleeping mode, remaining in man forever. And manifests itself, causing relapses accompanied by all sorts of complications, only with a strong weakening of the immune system.

In all cases, treatment of cytomegalovirus infection has a pursued goal - to significantly soften the negative impact of viral infection on the human body. Most often, after infection, a person with a sufficiently strong immune system easily makes a primary outbreak of infectious disease, so there is no need for a sick cytomegalovirus to contact the hospital. In such people, after short manifestation, the set of created symptoms stops without a trace. As a result, the disease basically passes unnoticed.

In what cases treatment of cytomegalovirus is really necessary

To concrete current circumstances, according to which the attending physician determines the course of treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in adults or in children, such manifestations are related as:

The presence of acquired or innode immunodeficiency in the patient of any age.
The generalized stage is the extensive spread of the virus is accompanied by a very painful inflammatory process throughout the body or according to a certain body against the background of the presence of other infections that weaken the basic protective functions of the human body.
Complicated or acute cytomegalovirus leakage or preparation for treatment with allogeneic organ transplantation, pneumonia, encephalitis, oncological diseases - when using therapy, a hard-overwhelming immune system.
During the first trimester of pregnancy, women with weakened immunity, the initial cytomegalovirus is possible, capable of potentially apply extremely serious damage to the fetus, as well as a procurement of miscarriage.

A generalized stage or symptomatic aggravation of the disease cytomegalovirus infection is often characterized by the fact that most patients and even sometimes some doctors confuse this viral disease due to similarity with the symptoms of influense diseases or ARVI. As well as with other infectious diseases. Often this leads to erroneous treatment and high risk of formation of heavy complications.

With absolutely accurate differential diagnosis, treatment from cytomegalovirus patient will be appointed as adequate as possible. And drugs are spelled in the right intended purpose.

Preparations and vitamins for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection

Let's look at how to treat cytomegalovirus with medicinal preparations. Basic drugs from cytomegalovirus infection and treatment with them are divided into several small groups:

Symptomatic means - Provide relief, anesthetic, eliminate inflammation, narrow vessels (drops in nose, eye drops, painful, anti-inflammatory, folk remedies).
Antiviral medication drugs - Inhibit the activity of infection (Ganciclovir, Panavir, Tsidopovir, Foscarnet).
Preparations of fairrome therapy - Restore damaged organs and tissues in complications (capsules, candles, tablets, injections, gels, ointments, drops).
Immunomodulators - Strengthen and stimulate the immune system (leukinferon, Roiferon A, Neovir, Genferon, Viferon).
Immunoglobulins - Bind and destroy viral particles (neositotect, cytotect, megalotect).
Vitamin Mineral Complex - to support the immune system.

In men, cytomegalovirus is treated with antiviral drugs - phoskarnet, Gancyclovir, Viferon. And immunoglobulins - cytotect, megalotect.

In women, cytomegalovirus is treated with antiviral drugs - acyclovir, visiferon, genferon, cycloferon.

List of drugs

The phoskart is an antiviral drug. Infectious cytomegalovirus is quite successfully treated with foscar. It is used in severe cases of the disease and with complex forms of possible exacerbations that can be called by other diseases. It is advisable to use this drug with a weakened immunity in a patient. If the drug is inserted into the patient, the elongation of the viral chain is disturbed, that is, the medicine slows down, and after all the actual reproduction of the virus completely stops.
Gancyclovir - antiviral drug. The drug is one of the most efficient, quite complex in practical use. The remedy is prescribed when the disease occurs - cytomegalovirus infection, complicated by particularly heavy pathologies of organs, rather extensive inflammation. It is also used to prevent viral infection, congenital CMV infection. Release form - tablets and crystalline powder from a group of polar hydrophilic solvents. For the eye gel or injection, the drug is produced in the form of lyophilisate. The use of Gancyclovir is advisable under the treatment of cytomegalovirus - herpetic infection.
Cytoteject - Immunoglobulin. For many patients, cytotect is one of the most optimal funds for the treatment of cytomegaluvirus. The drug combines rather effective efficiency and almost the absence of overall toxicity and relative contraindications. It is written for the prevention of patients with immune system suppressed by drugs. Warns the massive manifestations of the disease after the CMVI infection. When applied, the headaches may be created; nausea and vomiting; chills and an increase in body temperature; Slabs in the joints and weak back pain; Sometimes a decrease in blood pressure.
Novir - immunostimulator. The injection solution is used as an immunostimulating drug for the treatment and prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in people with immunodeficiency.
Viferon - immunomodulator. Candles with antiviral action. It is used in complications of infectious diseases, during primary inflammation, as well as a recurrence of cytomegalovirus infection of the localized form. The drug is applied rectally. When used can cause allergies as a skin rash.
Bishofit is an anti-inflammatory drug. Available in a balsam (gel) in a tube or in a glass container in the form of brine. It is used locally as therapeutic dirt or mineral water.

List of vitamins

C is an antioxidant of a wide range of actions. Stimulates the work of cells devouring bacteria and blood viruses. Increases the resistance of the human body to various infections with the help of cell stability to the penetration of infectious agents.
B9 - for the powerful maintenance of the production plant (bone marrow) of the human body's immune system.

The general rules for the treatment of cytomegalovirus refers to hospitalization of the patient in cases where it is extremely necessary. Since during the treatment period, the patient is presented a very active source of viral infection for others, the patient needs to significantly limit any contacts with people. Maximum ensure absolute peace. Provide the best conditions for microclimate. Observe the hard rules of personal hygiene. Use therapeutic and prophylactic diet.

With strict compliance with these rules and all recommendations of the attending physician, it is possible to rely on a rather fast and most effective deliverance from infection and prevent complications and relapses.

Treatment with folk remedies

If a person heard that people were treated from Cytomegalovirus with home healing, then this is a mistaken idea that, thanks to traditional medicine, cope with such a difficult task. Treatment of such infection and all sorts of complications should not be placed in itself without observing the specialist. But to support the immune system by folk remedies is quite appropriate.