Day of rocket troops and artillery: date, history, fireworks, congratulations. Day of Strategic Missile Forces Day of Missile Forces and Artillery in honor of
November 19 is the Day of Missile Forces and Artillery in Russia. In the holiday calendar, the date November 19 was chosen due to the fact that in 1942 it was on this day that the first phase of the counteroffensive of the Red Army near Stalingrad began. From July to November 1942, the defensive operation continued, which extinguished the offensive impulses of the enemy, exhausted him and made it possible for the Soviet troops in difficult conditions to still prepare for a decisive blow. The most important role in the counteroffensive operation was played by the use of artillery against the Nazi troops, which in the future served as the basis for the introduction of a new holiday in the calendar of military dates.
The plan for the counteroffensive of the Red Army near Stalingrad under the name "Uranus" was developed by the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command and the General Staff from September 1942. G.K. Zhukov and A.M. Vasilevsky led the development of the operation plan. November 13 "Uranus" was approved. Maintaining the secrecy of the plan made it possible to ensure the surprise of the counteroffensive and, due to the transfer of forces from areas that were not defined as strategically important, a significant advantage was ensured in the strike directions both in manpower and in equipment.
Success in the Stalingrad operation actually provided a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War, and the Nazi army, in fact, did not manage to fully recover from the defeat on the banks of the Volga.
In 1944, November 19 became an important military date - Artillery Day. An addition to this holiday in the form of rocket troops appeared, for obvious reasons, later - in 1964.
However, speaking of rocket troops and artillery, of course, one cannot ignore earlier historical periods. The first mention of the use of guns in our country, generally speaking, refers to the battle against the Horde Khan Tokhtamysh in 1382. During the defense of Moscow, fire was fired from the so-called mattresses (presumably from the Turkish "tyufenk" - a gun and the Persian "tufang" - a pipe).
This firearm was originally used as a means of defense from the city walls. In the same battle, the chroniclers (in particular, the Nikon chronicle) cite materials about the first use of classic cannons, which, according to historians, were mostly of foreign origin.
From the chronicle of 1389:
In the summer of 6879 (1389) the Germans took armats and fiery shooting from the Germans to Russia, and from that hour they understood to shoot from them.
For a long time, by the way, in the historical literature the term “from a German” (actually from abroad) was omitted, which clearly did not add historical authenticity.
And about today...
What are the rocket troops and artillery of Russia in our time? This is an integral part of the Ground Forces, consisting of missile, rocket, artillery brigades, including high-capacity artillery battalions, rocket artillery regiments, separate reconnaissance battalions and artillery formations of combined arms brigades and military bases.
As part of the re-equipment and modernization of the Russian army, new equipment is entering the troops, which at the same time changes the appearance of the missile forces and artillery (RV and A). Only recently, the troops have been replenished with hundreds of weapons, including 152-mm self-propelled howitzers "Msta-SM", MLRS 9K51M "Tornado-G". The time of the volley "Tornado-G" in the presence of 40 guides is 20 s. This ensures effective hitting of targets in areas with a declared firing range of up to 60 km (some sources report that even 60 km is not the limit for a modernized MLRS model).
Anti-tank weapons, including Khrizantema-S missile systems, are being delivered to RV and A. This is an all-weather multi-purpose missile system designed to destroy not only those that are already in service with a potential enemy, but also their promising versions. "Chrysanthemum-S" is effective against low-flying air targets, small-tonnage surface vessels. With its help, the defense of the enemy, including those in shelters, can be overcome. The complex has a high degree of protection against various radio interference. The maximum firing range is 6 km, the minimum is 400 m. Carried ammunition is 15 ammunition. Implemented automatic loading.
On the eve of the holiday, the head of the Missile Forces and Artillery, Lieutenant-General Mikhail Matveevsky, noted that the plans include the transfer of RV and A from the Tochka-U complexes to the Iskander OTRK by 2020. RIA cites a statement by Mikhail Matveevsky:
At present, all formations of the Central Military District have been completely re-equipped. In addition, rearmament has been completed in the Southern and Eastern military districts.
It is worth noting that the peculiarity of the Iskander-M OTRK, which is actively entering the troops, is its equipment with automation tools not only for preparation for launch, but also for the missile launch itself. The developers guarantee that the Iskander-M missile hits a target with a probable deviation of no more than 15 m. At the same time, active work is underway to equip the Iskander missiles with all-weather homing heads.
On this day, "Military Review" congratulates all military personnel and veterans of the Rocket Forces and Artillery on the holiday. To the troops themselves - systematic development and improvement!
Date in 2019: November 19, Tuesday.
The Day of Rocket Forces and Artillery falls on November 19th. It was celebrated in the USSR, today it is celebrated at the official level in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. The celebration was established in honor of the counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad (1942), which became the beginning of the defeat of Nazi Germany. It is celebrated with traditional events, ranging from formations of units to the laying of flowers and demonstration exercises.
For exploits in the Great Patriotic War, more than 1,800 artillerymen received the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union, and more than 1.5 million were awarded orders and medals. For an invaluable contribution to the fight against fascism in 1944, a professional holiday was approved, renamed in 1964 as the Day of Rocket Forces and Artillery.
history of the holiday
For the first time, Artillery Day was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on October 21, 1944. November 19 was chosen as a solemn day. In 1942, on this day, the strategic operation "Uranus" began, the purpose of which was the liberation of Stalingrad.
The powerful artillery preparation carried out became one of the turning points in the fight against fascist Germany.
“In modern warfare, artillery is God ... Whoever wants to rebuild in a new modern way must understand that artillery decides the fate of the war,” - I. V. Stalin.
In 1964, the artillery was renamed the Rocket Forces and Artillery. At the same time, he changed the name and holiday.
During the period of perestroika, the date lost its force, the day of artillerymen began to be celebrated on the third Sunday of November. The historical tradition was restored only in 2006.
A Brief History of Russian Artillery
The first mention of Russian (firearms) artillery comes at the end of the 14th century. In 1382, during the siege of Moscow by the troops of Khan Tokhtamysh, the townspeople used forged cannons for defense purposes.
Video: "From all guns." Fascinating history of Russian artillery in eight episodes
During the reign of Peter I, artillery becomes an independent branch of the military. In the first half of the 18th century, troops were divided into 3 categories: field, fortress and siege. By the end of the century, an equestrian direction was formed.
In the 20th century there were victories and defeats. So during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), domestic artillerymen said their victory word. However, during the First World War (1914-1918), the protracted period of rearmament did not allow the use of Russian guns by 100% due to the “shell” hunger.
Video: Song of WWII artillerymen
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the importance of the troops had increased, they had become indispensable on all fronts. New types of weapons appear. For example, combat vehicles of the BM series, which were equipped with rocket-propelled mortars, nicknamed "Katyusha", which became one of the symbols of the era.
Who is celebrating?
The Missile Forces and Artillery (R&A) include not only the combat crews of guns and howitzers, but also the crews of multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS) and a number of other highly specialized military service specialists.
Photo: Smerch multiple launch rocket system
In addition, the rocket and artillery troops are armed with self-propelled guns, combat crews of towed artillery, mortars, anti-tank missile systems and much more.
Thus, any person whose service is associated with one of the listed types of weapons has the right to call himself an artilleryman and celebrate a professional holiday.
Important! Do not confuse the Day of the Strategic Missile Forces with the holiday of the Strategic Missile Forces!
How they celebrate
Many years of experience in celebrating the Day of the MFA gave rise to original traditions. It all starts with an honorable formation of parts, passing under the patriotic music. They lay wreaths at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow or other memorable places throughout the country. Congratulations and warm words of gratitude are addressed to veterans, active military personnel and students of specialized schools.
Video: Demonstration performances in St. Petersburg 2018
In recent years, demonstration performances have become popular, which demonstrate the power of the Russian army, in particular artillerymen and missilemen. All this takes place in an open mode, anyone can attend the event. In almost every part, in the afternoon, by the forces of the city's creative teams, a festive concert is held for the personnel. It celebrates the results of the outgoing year, singles out excellent students in combat and political training, and awards state awards and new titles.
Artilleryman's Day is celebrated solemnly and interestingly. However, it is not a day off, because who, if not the god of war, should always remain on guard of the borders of our homeland.
Congratulations to the gunners
What does "Artillery Day" mean? This is a holiday of the bravest, the most courageous, the most courageous and fearless. This is a holiday of those who defend our Fatherland. The job of an artilleryman is not easy. Every day they risk their lives for us humans. So let's wish them strength, not only spiritual, but also physical strength, courage and well-being on their professional holiday. May they always have a clear sky above their heads. Happy holiday!
Protecting your homeland is not an easy task. Therefore, only real men stand guard - strong, courageous, proud. So let's wish them to remain men with a capital letter, let not a single storm break their proud temper. May family and friends be healthy and faithful. I wish you to appreciate the peaceful sky, clean air without the admixture of gunpowder and quiet calm around. With the most courageous holiday to you, real men!
They stand guard over the world
Protect the life of the people always.
Let's give them a round of applause
They are fearless for years.
Thank you gunners
For your hard, strong work.
May your path not be shady,
Your glorious way of life!
In all ages, in all years
Russia is glorified by artillerymen.
We wish you easy service,
And return home
Where they love you and are waiting for you,
And appreciate your hard work!
Happy Great Holiday, Happy Artillery Day!
May you always be lucky in life!
Let loved ones believe in you
And the best awaits!
_________________________
Congratulations on your professional holiday! We wish you to hit the target under any life circumstances. May you be sure to be lucky, because luck is also a great gift and art!
Larisa, October 19, 2016.November 19 - Russia. The holiday was established in 1964 and is celebrated to commemorate the merits of artillery in the defeat of the Nazi invaders near Stalingrad.
November 19 - the beginning of the counteroffensive of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad in 1942. At the beginning of the operation, on November 18, the artillery of the Southwestern and Don Fronts inflicted heavy losses on the enemy with a powerful fire strike and disrupted its entire defense system, which allowed the Soviet troops to launch a counteroffensive, which ended with the encirclement and defeat of the German troops near Stalingrad. Until 1964, this holiday was called Artillery Day, because the Rocket Forces and Artillery as a branch of service were created in the early 60s on the basis of the artillery of the ground forces and missile weapons introduced into the troops.
Along with infantry and cavalry, artillery is one of the oldest branches of the military.
The first mention of the combat use of artillery in Russia dates back to 1382, when, defending themselves from the invasion of Tokhtamysh's troops, Muscovites "fired from large cannons."
Until the 16th century, carriages as such did not exist. The trunks were mounted on special oak decks.
Count Arakcheev played a huge role in the transformation of our artillery in the 19th century. He introduced a system of guns of the 1805 model. Of the many dozens of types of guns that were under Catherine II, only 12-pounder guns of medium and smaller proportions, a 6-pounder gun of smaller proportions, and also unicorns should have remained in field artillery: 1 / 2-pound, 1/4-pound foot, 1/4-pound horse. All these guns were cast from the so-called "artillery metal", which contained 10 parts of copper and one part of tin. To aim the guns at the target, before each shot, a quadrant was installed on the barrel, along which the gun was pointed. Immediately before the shot itself, it was removed so that the shot would not knock down the tip, and then installed again.
On June 21, 1941, the Soviet government decided on the serial production of M-13 rockets, BM-13 launchers and the formation of missile military units. The Katyushas fired their first salvo at the enemy on July 14, 1941. Then the battery under the command of Captain IAFlerov struck at the concentration of German trains at the Orsha railway junction. The combat effectiveness of the weapon exceeded all expectations. Subsequently, rocket artillery was successfully used in all major operations of the Great Patriotic War. In terms of its power, it had no equal among other means of fire destruction of the enemy.
The heroic traditions are adequately continued by the modern generations of the military rocket and artillery troops of the RF Armed Forces. They fulfill their military duty with honor and nobility, master the latest weapons and equipment, improve their combat skills, the high level of which guarantees the fulfillment of the necessary tasks in a variety of combat conditions.
Artillery still plays an important role as the main striking force in land battles to this day. By the way, for the first time, it was not Stalin who called artillery “the god of war”, but French General Jean-Baptiste Wackette de Gribeauval, who, with his military reform, laid the foundation for Napoleonic victories.
Happy holiday, gods of war!
November 19 is celebrated annually on the basis of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006 "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" as a memorable day established in recognition of the merits of military specialists in solving the problems of ensuring the defense and security of the state and called contribute to the revival and development of domestic military traditions, to enhance the prestige of military service.
It was artillery at the beginning of the operation that inflicted heavy losses on the enemy with a powerful fire strike and disrupted its entire defense system, which allowed the Soviet troops, avoiding significant losses, to launch a counteroffensive, which ended with the encirclement and defeat of the enemy near Stalingrad.
In the post-war period, artillery continued to develop - new, more modern and powerful weapons were developed.
In 1961, on the basis of artillery and the missile formations available at that time in the Ground Forces,
Rocket troops and artillery, as a branch of the Armed Forces of the USSR.
Therefore, in 1964, the Artillery Day holiday was on the Day of the Rocket Forces and Artillery. Since 1988, it has been celebrated on the third Sunday of November, and since 2006, again on November 19.
Today, the Rocket Forces and Artillery is a branch of the Ground Forces, which is the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy in the course of combined arms operations (combat actions). They are designed to gain and maintain fire superiority over the enemy; destruction of its means of nuclear attack, manpower, weapons, military and special equipment; disorganization of command and control systems for troops and weapons, reconnaissance and electronic warfare; destruction of long-term defensive structures and other infrastructure facilities; violations of the operation of the operational and military rear; weakening and isolating the enemy's second echelons and reserves; destruction of tanks and other armored vehicles of the enemy that have broken through into the depths of the defense; covering open flanks and joints; participation in the destruction of enemy air and sea landings; remote mining of terrain and objects; lighting support for night operations of troops; smoke, blinding enemy objects; distribution of campaign materials and other tasks.
Organizationally, the Rocket Forces and Artillery consist of rocket, rocket, artillery brigades, including mixed artillery battalions of high power, rocket artillery regiments, separate reconnaissance battalions, as well as artillery of combined arms brigades and military bases.
Thanks to intensive re-equipment with the latest and advanced types of weapons, an increase in the intensity of combat training and an integrated approach to personnel training, the Rocket Forces and Artillery continue to increase combat capabilities and determine the development vector of the Ground Forces in the future.
(Additional
On November 19, Russian artillerymen and rocketmen celebrate their professional holiday. Officially, this date was included in the calendar of military holidays of the Russian Federation in 2006, when presidential decree number 549 appeared. In a decree dated May 31, 2006, November 19 was officially declared the Day of Missile Forces and Artillery. But the history of the holiday is by no means limited to eight years.
Artillerymen had their professional holiday during the Great Patriotic War, when on October 21, 1944, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, artillery day was defined as a separate day of the armed forces. After another 20 years, the Artilleryman's Day was transformed into the Day of the Rocket Forces and Artillery - the merits of Soviet rocketmen were also taken into account.
The very date of November 19 was chosen as the date of celebration due to the fact that it was on this day in 1942, after the most powerful artillery preparation, that the counteroffensive of the Red Army began in the Battle of Stalingrad.
Artillery, as a branch of service, has an even deeper history. The history and the term by which it is customary to define artillery - "God of War" are deep.
If we talk about Europe, then cannons of various types and calibers have been used since about the 14th century. Of course, these were far from the guns that appear when such a term is used today, but this did not prevent them from being used to strike at enemy manpower and even against fortified positions.
In Russia, according to the chronicles, the first guns appeared in the 80s of the XIV century, during the time of Dmitry Donskoy. The first cast tools - "armats" - according to the chronicle version, were brought to Russia around 1389.
In Asia, there is a version about the time of the appearance of artillery. In China, they say that the first cannon appeared in this country at the beginning of the 12th century. There are a number of alternative versions, according to which original prototypes of cannons were used in ancient times, but this version is not documented.
No less mysteries are the history of the appearance of rockets as jet units capable of developing impressive speed and moving through the air over considerable distances. China, in this case, is also trying to keep the historical palm for itself, but in Europe, Chinese priority is being contested. Of course, we are not talking about those missiles that have become familiar to military affairs today, but about their prototypes that worked on the basis of powder mixtures.
Rocket Forces and Artillery Today (RV&A) is one of the integral segments of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Not a single serious military conflict is complete without the use of artillery installations and missile systems of various modifications. The RVIA is also a universal shock-deterrent force, which is used not only in the Ground Forces, but also in the coastal troops of the Russian Navy.
Coastal rocket and artillery military equipment is currently in service with the Russian Navy in the following form: Rubezh missile defense system with Termit missiles, Bastion missile defense system, Bal missile defense system, A-222 Bereg tank, artillery systems of the Hyacinth class , "Msta" and many others.
Batteries "Bastions"
The Airborne Troops of Russia, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Border Troops of the FSB have their own artillery.
The first artillery commander in the USSR was Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronov. This is exactly the person who interrogated Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus, captured in Stalingrad. Nikolai Voronov, for the outstanding successes of the artillery units mined under his command, on January 18, 1943 received the title of Marshal of Artillery, and on February 21, 1944 - the title of Chief Marshal of Artillery. Thanks to the initiative of Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronov, the Academy of Artillery Sciences appeared in the USSR in 1946. Nikolai Voronov served as commander of the artillery troops until 1950. Streets in such cities as Penza, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod and Donetsk were named in honor of the Chief Marshal of Artillery N.N. Voronov.
Voronov was replaced as commander of artillery by Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin. In 1959, Mitrofan Ivanovich was appointed to the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces. It is Nedelin who is considered the founder of this direction of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. Mitrofan Nedelin died at the Baikonur Cosmodrome on October 24, 1960 during a test of the R-16 rocket. In the small homeland of the Chief Marshal of Artillery - in the city of Borisoglebsk, Voronezh Region - a monument was erected, at which city schoolchildren are on duty every year on May 9 and November 9 (Mitrofan Nedelin's birthday).
Rocket troops and artillery are glorious pages in the history of military victories obtained by the power of Russian weapons, the dedication of military personnel and the talent of commanders. The bass voices of guns and rocket launchers are the voices of Russia's security, which have much to say to any potential adversary.
Happy holiday!
