Double brackets are the rules in Russian. Brackets in mathematics: their types and purpose Double brackets are placed in the Russian language
In the section on the question Is it possible to put parentheses inside parentheses? given by the author RedBlueSpot the best answer is yes. but my advice is: “try not to overuse parentheses, as this leads to the construction of sentences of the same type and can confuse the examiner.”
Answer from Duke Mister[guru]
I’ll tell you (if you’re interested in this, of course (well, since you asked, it should be (otherwise I’ll feel like a fool))) that you can (if you’re a non-Russian bracket-man) put brackets at least (or only) Million (or maybe two)
It’s just not pretty, and it’s a strong distraction from the topic. you see for yourself. and there are no laws in the Russian language about parentheses; I saw in Tolstoy up to three in one sentence. but damn, there are sentences of sixteen lines and the gift of a word that everything is beautiful...
Answer from Caucasian[guru]
Yes you can, why not :) I wrote everything correctly :)
Answer from Slope[guru]
You can use as many parentheses as you like. It’s just that there can be only one quotation mark (well, inside the quotation marks you can open as many direct speeches as you like (you can only close them (if you need to close two (or more) speeches at once) anyway))
I became interested in parentheses.
“I got carried away with parentheses,” I said.
It was written here: “I got carried away with parentheses,” I said.
Yes, a period (only a period!!!) is placed after the quotation marks, and not before.
Good afternoon I have a question about quotation marks: in complex sentences, double quotation marks are often used, i.e. the first part begins with outer quotes, in this part it is still necessary to highlight something with quotes, for example, the name, and this whole complex construction must end with double closing quotes. Should double quotes be used, as in mathematical syntax? Thank you!
In such cases, it is better to use quotes of different designs, for example:
| Question No. 292744 | ||
Good afternoon Are double quotation marks placed at the beginning of direct speech when the first word is in quotation marks? For example, “Avtovaz will continue to develop,” he said. Thank you for your reply. Sergey
Russian language help desk response
If technically possible, you should use quotes of different designs: “Avtovaz will continue to develop,” he said. If this is not possible, double quotes are not used:"Avtovaz" will continue to develop,” he said.
| Question No. 292707 | ||
Are double quotes placed after the company name at the end of a quote if it is not possible to put quotes of different formats?
Russian language help desk response
In this case, single quotes are used.
| Question No. 276277 | ||
Hello!With your permission, I’ll try again to ask the question that haunts me. Is it necessary to put quotation marks on the cover of a book that consists only of the title that is to be quoted in the text of this book? For example, if a novel is called “Comfort”, “Ideal”, “Soviet” or “Grand” after the name of the hotel in which the novel takes place, should it be written on the cover of the book: “Comfort”, “Ideal”, etc. .?
In addition, doesn’t the possible quotation mark mean that in a conditional review of this book one should use the terrible double quotation marks: “Comfort”, “Ideal”, etc.?
Is there any guidance on this? Unfortunately, I was unable to find answers to these questions either in reference books or on the Internet. But maybe I missed something.I will be glad to hear from you.
Sincerely,
Dmitriy
Russian language help desk response
Quotation marks indicating that the title is its own conventional title would be appropriate on the cover of the book. Double quotation marks in a review are redundant.
| Question No. 272505 | ||
Hello. A dispute arose with my colleagues, I say that in an online newspaper quotation marks should be placed as in a regular printed publication: along the edges of the “Christmas tree”, inside there are German “legs” (example 1). They object to me that the “leading” Internet newspapers put three “herringbones” (No. 2) or computer quotes (No. 3), and this is normal for the Internet. I answer that if there is a technical possibility (and it IS), it is necessary to put double quotation marks as expected. What do you think?
1. Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Scientific Center “Applied Chemistry”” (classic double quotes)
2. Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Scientific Center "Applied Chemistry"
3. Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Scientific Center "Applied Chemistry"(")
Russian language help desk response
The third option with two characters at the end of the sentence is very bad. The rest is not a spelling or linguistic question. Rather, it is a question of typographic aesthetics. It’s better, you know: German “feet” are, of course, an excellent option for layout, but are there “hands” to place them consistently?
Please tell me whether it is customary to put double quotation marks in a row - “Christmas trees”, that is, if there is another quote in the quote that ends in the same place as the first one.
Russian language help desk response
The quotation marks of the same picture do not repeat next to each other. If possible, use quotation marks of different designs: ..."».
| Question No. 256084 | ||
Tell me, please, if a phrase is enclosed in quotation marks, and the last word of the phrase is also enclosed in quotation marks, are double quotation marks placed at the end or single quotation marks?
Thank you.
Russian language help desk response
You can either use quotation marks of different styles, or close the phrase with just closing quotation marks.
| Question No. 251389 | ||
Hello, please tell me whether double quotation marks are used in the Russian language and, if so, in what cases? In particular, I came across the following situation: in Belarus there is an organization whose name is written like this: “Movement “For Freedom”. Should I put two closing quotation marks at the end here or should I put one? And should I put two opening quotation marks if from the name of the organization does the quote begin?
Russian language help desk response
You should use the inner quotation marks of another design ("foot" instead of<<елочек>>) or avoid clustering quotes. If these techniques are not possible, an "unpaired" number of quotes is allowed.
| Question No. 247542 | ||
Thanks for the answer. But perhaps I didn’t ask the question quite correctly. Is it necessary to put double quotation marks: LLC "Cosmetic Company "Solnyshko"". Thank you
Russian language help desk response
In this case, it is preferable to use quotes of different designs: LLC "Cosmetic company "Solnyshko"". If for some reason this is not possible, it is permissible to write: LLC "Cosmetic company "Solnyshko" Quotes from the same picture are not repeated next to each other.
| Question No. 243978 | ||
Hello! Please tell me how to put double quotes in titles correctly. Are closing quotes placed twice or once? Thank you
Russian language help desk response
| Question No. 239236 | ||
If you need to use double quotes in a sentence, is it possible to use the same ones, for example:Task “Work according to the program “Restoration of leg function””
Or should you use different ones, for example:
Task “Work according to the program “Restoration of leg function””
Russian language help desk response
It is preferable to use quotes of different designs, but if for technical reasons this is not possible, then it is not forbidden to use quotes from the same design (but remember that quotes from the same design are not repeated side by side: task “Work according to the program “Restoration of leg function”).
| Question No. 232129 | ||
Hello! They are writing to you from the editorial office of an electronic newspaper. We have one type of quotation marks - " ". And the question constantly arises of how to formalize in this case sentences like: “Today we will get acquainted with the history of writing the novel “War and Peace,” said the teacher. Are double quotes needed at the end or is just one enough? Thank you.
Russian language help desk response
The second quotation marks are not needed: _“Today we will get acquainted with the history of writing the novel “War and Peace,” said the teacher._
Hello, please tell me if it is possible in the company name, e.g. LLC "PP "Ivanov"" (Limited Liability Company "Production Enterprise "Ivanov") put double quotation marks after Ivanov? It is not entirely clear from question 191371 whether this is considered acceptable. Thank you, Alena.
Russian language help desk response
True, either with double quotes of different designs, or with single quotes.
Brackets Paired punctuation mark, which is placed: a) to highlight words inserted into a sentence for the purpose of explaining or supplementing the thought expressed, as well as making any additional comments ( cm. plug-in structures). Caesar (so the lion in the menagerie) sleeps and quietly squeals in his sleep(Kuprin); b) to highlight words that express the listeners’ attitude to someone’s speech. (Applause.) (Movement in the hall.); c) when indicating the source of the quotation. I remembered the words of Bazarov: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it”(Turgenev); d) to highlight stage directions in dramatic works. (E p i h o d o v:) I'll go. (Encounters a chair that falls.) (Chekhov).
Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .
See what “brackets” are in other dictionaries:
Paired punctuation to highlight individual words or parts of a sentence containing explanations of the main text. In mathematics they are used to indicate the order in which mathematical operations are performed. There are round (), square SKOBLIKOVA... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
brackets- (Square brackets, Parantheses, Angle brackets, Braces) Paired punctuation marks. There are square, round, corner (broken), figured (paranthese). Used in formula typing and for highlighting in text... Font terminology
brackets- - Telecommunications topics, basic concepts EN parentheses ... Technical Translator's Guide
This term has other meanings, see Brackets (meanings). Requests :) and some others starting with a colon are redirected here. About them, see the article smiley. () Character name Brackets Unicode U+0028 29 HTML ... Wikipedia
Paired punctuation to highlight individual words or parts of a sentence containing explanations of the main text. In mathematics they are used to indicate the order in which mathematical operations are performed. There are parentheses (), ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
"BRACKETS"- En.: Parentheses 1. Hypnosis allows you to isolate individual psychological functions, “as if you can put them in brackets.” In other words, it is possible to achieve a temporary “freezing” of a certain mental activity in favor of another type. To the patient... ... New hypnosis: glossary, principles and method. Introduction to Ericksonian Hypnotherapy
1) a paired punctuation mark consisting of two vertical lines: round O, square, or straight, curly, or parentaise, (). Used to highlight words, parts of sentences or sentences containing additional... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Punctuation mark. Taking a fragment of a sentence in brackets means highlighting it as additional information (insert construction): “And every evening, at the appointed hour / (Or is this just a dream for me?) / A girl’s figure, captured in silks, / In ... ... Literary encyclopedia
Mn. Written or printed signs (usually in pairs) that serve to isolate any part of the text, and in mathematics to indicate the order in which actions are performed. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova
Parentheses, brackets, brackets, brackets, brackets, brackets (
In this article we will talk about parentheses in mathematics, let’s figure out what types of them are used and what they are used for. First, we will list the main types of brackets, introduce their designations and terms that we will use when describing the material. After that, let's move on to specifics and use examples to understand where and what brackets are used.
Page navigation.
Basic types of brackets, notation, terminology
Several types of brackets have been used in mathematics, and they, of course, have acquired their own mathematical meaning. Mainly used in mathematics three types of brackets: parentheses matched by ( and ) , square [ and ] , and curly braces ( and ) . However, there are also other types of brackets, for example, backsquare ] and [, or angle brackets and > .
Parentheses in mathematics are mostly used in pairs: an open parenthesis (with a corresponding closing parenthesis), an open square bracket [with a closing square bracket], and finally an open curly brace (and a closing curly brace). But there are also other combinations of them, for example, ( and ] or [ and ) . Paired brackets enclose a mathematical expression and force it to be viewed as a structural unit, or as part of some larger mathematical expression.
As for unpaired brackets, the most common are a single curly bracket of the form ( , which is a system sign and denotes the intersection of sets, as well as a single square bracket [ , denoting the union of sets.
So, having decided on the designations and names of the brackets, we can move on to the options for their use.
Parentheses to indicate the order in which actions are performed
One of the purposes of parentheses in mathematics is to indicate the order in which actions are performed or to change the accepted order of actions. For these purposes, pairs of parentheses are generally used, enclosing an expression that is part of the original expression. In this case, you should first perform the actions in brackets according to the accepted order (first multiplication and division, and then addition and subtraction), and then perform all other actions.
Let's give an example that explains how to use parentheses to explicitly indicate which actions need to be performed first. The expression without parentheses 5+3−2 implies that first 5 is added to 3, after which 2 is subtracted from the resulting sum. If you put parentheses in the original expression like this (5+3)−2, then nothing will change in the order of actions. And if the brackets are placed as follows 5+(3−2) , then you should first calculate the difference in the brackets, then add 5 and the resulting difference.
Now let’s give an example of setting parentheses that allow you to change the accepted order of actions. For example, the expression 5 + 2 4 implies that first the multiplication of 2 by 4 will be performed, and only then the addition of 5 will be performed with the resulting product of 2 and 4. The expression with brackets 5+(2·4) assumes exactly the same actions. However, if you put the brackets like this (5+2)·4, then you will first need to calculate the sum of the numbers 5 and 2, after which the result will be multiplied by 4.
It should be noted that expressions may contain several pairs of parentheses indicating the order in which actions are performed, for example, (4+5 2)−0.5:(7−2):(2+1+12). In the written expression, the actions in the first pair of brackets are performed first, then in the second, then in the third, after which all other actions are performed in accordance with the accepted order.
Moreover, there can be parentheses within parentheses, parentheses within parentheses within parentheses, and so on, for example, and . In these cases, the actions are performed first in the inner brackets, then in the brackets containing the inner brackets, and so on. In other words, actions are performed starting from the inner brackets, gradually moving towards the outer brackets. So the expression 
implies that the actions in the inner brackets will be performed first, that is, the number 3 will be subtracted from 6, then 4 will be multiplied by the calculated difference and the number 8 will be added to the result, so the result in the outer brackets will be obtained, and finally the resulting result will be divided by 2.
In writing, brackets of different sizes are often used, this is done in order to clearly distinguish internal brackets from external ones. In this case, inner brackets are usually used smaller than outer ones, for example, 
. For the same purposes, sometimes pairs of brackets are highlighted in different colors, for example, (2+2· (2+(5·4−4) )·(6:2−3·7)·(5−3). And sometimes, pursuing the same goals, along with parentheses, they use square and, if necessary, curly brackets, for example, ·7 or {5++7−2}:
.
In conclusion of this point, I would like to say that before performing actions in an expression, it is very important to correctly parse the parentheses in pairs indicating the order in which the actions are performed. To do this, arm yourself with colored pencils and start going through the brackets from left to right, marking them in pairs according to the following rule.
As soon as the first closing bracket is found, it and the opening bracket closest to it to the left should be marked with some color. After this, you need to continue moving to the right until the next unmarked closing bracket. Once it is found, you should mark it and the closest unmarked opening parenthesis with a different color. And so on, continue moving to the right until all brackets are marked. To this rule we just need to add that if there are fractions in the expression, then this rule must be applied first to the expression in the numerator, then to the expression in the denominator, and then move on.
Negative numbers in brackets
Another purpose of parentheses is discovered when expressions with them appear and need to be written. Negative numbers in expressions are enclosed in parentheses.
Here are examples of entries with negative numbers in brackets: 5+(−3)+(−2)·(−1) , 
.
As an exception, a negative number is not enclosed in parentheses when it is the first number from the left in an expression or the first number from the left in the numerator or denominator of a fraction. For example, in the expression −5·4+(−4):2 the first negative number −5 is written without parentheses; in the denominator of the fraction 
The first number from the left, −2.2, is also not enclosed in parentheses. Notations with brackets of the form (−5)·4+(−4):2 and 
. It should be noted here that notations with brackets are more strict, since expressions without brackets sometimes allow different interpretations, for example, −5 4+(−4):2 can be understood as (−5) 4+(−4): 2 or as −(5·4)+(−4):2. So, when composing expressions, you should not “strive for minimalism” and do not put the negative number on the left in brackets.
Everything said in this paragraph above also applies to variables, powers, roots, fractions, expressions in parentheses and functions preceded by a minus sign - they are also enclosed in parentheses. Here are examples of such records: 5·(−x) , 12:(−2 2) , 
, .
Parentheses for expressions with which actions are performed
Parentheses are also used to indicate expressions with which some action is carried out, be it raising to a power, taking a derivative, etc. Let's talk about this in more detail.
Parentheses in expressions with powers
An expression that is an exponent does not have to be placed in parentheses. This is explained by the superscript notation of the indicator. For example, from the notation 2 x+3 it is clear that 2 is the base, and the expression x+3 is the exponent. However, if the degree is denoted using the ^ sign, then the expression relating to the exponent will have to be placed in parentheses. In this notation, the last expression will be written as 2^(x+3) . If we didn't put the parentheses when we wrote 2^x+3, it would mean 2 x +3.
The situation is slightly different with the basis of the degree. It is clear that it makes no sense to put the base of the degree in brackets when it is zero, a natural number or any variable, since in any case it will be clear that the exponent refers specifically to this base. For example, 0 3, 5 x 2 +5, y 0.5.
But when the base of the degree is a fractional number, a negative number or some expression, then it must be enclosed in parentheses. Let's give examples: (0.75) 2 , , 
, 
.
If you do not put in brackets the expression that is the base of the degree, then you can only guess that the exponent refers to the entire expression, and not to its individual number or variable. To explain this idea, let’s take a degree whose base is the sum x 2 +y, and the indicator is the number -2; this degree corresponds to the expression (x 2 +y) -2. If we did not put the base in brackets, the expression would look like this x 2 +y -2, which shows that the power -2 refers to the variable y, and not to the expression x 2 +y.
In conclusion of this paragraph, we note that for powers whose bases are trigonometric functions or , and the exponent is , a special form of notation is adopted - the exponent is written after sin, cos, tg, ctg, arcsin, arccos, arctg, arcctg, log, ln or lg . For example, we give the following expressions sin 2 x, arccos 3 y, ln 5 e and. These notations actually mean (sin x) 2 , (arccos y) 3 , (lne) 5 and . By the way, the last entries with bases enclosed in brackets are also acceptable and can be used along with those indicated earlier.
Parentheses in expressions with roots
There is no need to enclose expressions under the radical (()) in parentheses, since its leading character serves their role. So the expression essentially means.
Parentheses in expressions with trigonometric functions
Negative numbers and expressions related to or often need to be enclosed in parentheses to make it clear that the function is being applied to that expression and not to something else. Here are examples of entries: sin(−5) , cos(x+2) , 
.
There is one peculiarity: after sin, cos, tg, ctg, arcsin, arccos, arctg and arcctg it is not customary to write numbers and expressions in parentheses if it is clear that the functions are applied to them and there is no ambiguity. So it is not necessary to enclose single non-negative numbers in brackets, for example, sin 1, arccos 0.3, variables, for example, sin x, arctan z, fractions, for example, 
, roots and powers, for example, etc.
And in trigonometry, multiple angles x, 2 x, 3 x, ... stand out, which for some reason are also not usually written in parentheses, for example, sin 2x, ctg 7x, cos 3α, etc. Although it is not a mistake, and sometimes it is preferable, to write these expressions with parentheses to avoid possible ambiguities. For example, what does sin2 x:2 mean? Agree, the notation sin(2 x): 2 is much clearer: it is clearly visible that two x are related to the sine, and the sine of two x is divisible by 2.
Parentheses in expressions with logarithms
Numerical expressions and expressions with variables with which logarithm is carried out are enclosed in parentheses when written, for example, ln(e −1 +e 1), log 3 (x 2 +3 x+7), log((x+ 1)·(x−2)) .
You can omit the use of parentheses when it is clear to which expression or number the logarithm is applied. That is, it is not necessary to put parentheses when there is a positive number, fraction, power, root, some function, etc. under the logarithm sign. Here are examples of such entries: log 2 x 5 , , .
Brackets within
Parentheses are also used when working with . Under the limit sign, you need to write in parentheses expressions that represent sums, differences, products, or quotients. Here are some examples: 
And .
You can omit the brackets if it is clear which expression the limit sign lim refers to, for example, and .
Parentheses and derivative
Parentheses have found their use when describing a process. So the expression is taken into brackets, followed by the sign of the derivative. For example, (x+1)’ or 
.
Integrands in parentheses
Parentheses are used in . An integrand representing a certain sum or difference is placed in parentheses. Here are some examples: .
Parentheses separating a function argument
In mathematics, parentheses have taken their place in denoting functions with their own arguments. So the function f of the variable x is written as f(x) . Similarly, the arguments of functions of several variables are listed in parentheses, for example, F(x, y, z, t) is a function F of four variables x, y, z and t.
Parentheses in periodic decimals
To indicate the period in, it is customary to use parentheses. Let's give a couple of examples.
In the periodic decimal fraction 0.232323... the period is made up of two digits 2 and 3, the period is enclosed in parentheses, and is written once from the moment it appears: this is how we get the entry 0,(23). Here's another example of a periodic decimal fraction: 5.35(127) .
Parentheses to denote numeric intervals
For designation, pairs of brackets of four types are used: () , (] , [) and . Inside these brackets, two numbers are indicated, separated by a semicolon or comma - first the smaller one, then the larger one, limiting the numerical interval. A parenthesis adjacent to a number means that the number is not included in the gap, and a square bracket means that the number is included. If the gap is associated with infinity, then a parenthesis is placed with the infinity symbol.
For clarification, we give examples of numerical intervals with all types of brackets in their designation: (0, 5) , [−0.5, 12) , 
,
, (−∞, −4]
, (−3, +∞)
, (−∞, +∞)
.
In some books you can find notations for numerical intervals in which instead of a parenthesis (a back square bracket ] is used, and instead of a bracket) a bracket [ is used. In this notation, the notation ]0, 1[ is equivalent to the notation (0, 1) . Similar to 0, 1] the entry (0, 1] corresponds.
Designations for systems and sets of equations and inequalities
To write , as well as systems of equations and inequalities, use a single curly brace of the form ( . In this case, equations and/or inequalities are written in a column, and on the left they are bordered by a curly brace.
Let us show with examples how the curly brace is used to denote systems. For example, 
- a system of two equations with one variable, - a system of two inequalities with two variables, and 
- a system of two equations and one inequality.
The curly brace of a system means intersection in the language of sets. So a system of equations is essentially the intersection of solutions to these equations, that is, all general solutions. And to denote a union, a collection sign is used in the form of a square bracket rather than a curly one.
So, sets of equations and inequalities are denoted similarly to systems, only instead of a curly brace, a square [ is written. Here are a couple of examples of recording aggregates: 
And .
Often systems and aggregates can be seen in one expression, for example, .
Curly brace to denote a piecewise function
In the notation piecewise function a single curly brace is used; this brace contains function-defining formulas indicating the corresponding numeric intervals. As an example illustrating how a curly brace is written in the notation of a piecewise function, we can give the modulus function: 
.
Brackets to indicate the coordinates of a point
Parentheses are also used to indicate the coordinates of a point. The coordinates of points on, in the plane and in three-dimensional space, as well as the coordinates of points in n-dimensional space, are written in parentheses.
For example, the notation A(1) means that point A has coordinates 1, and the notation Q(x, y, z) means that point Q has coordinates x, y and z.
Brackets for listing elements of a set
One way to describe sets is a listing of its elements. In this case, the elements of the set are written in curly brackets separated by commas. For example, let's give the set A = (1, 2,3, 4), from the above notation we can say that it consists of three elements, which are the numbers 1, 2,3 and 4.
Brackets and vector coordinates
When vectors begin to be considered in a certain coordinate system, the concept arises. One way to denote them involves listing the vector coordinates one by one in parentheses.
In textbooks for school students you can find two options for notating the coordinates of vectors; they differ in that one uses curly brackets, and the other uses round brackets. Here are examples of notation for vectors on the plane: or , these notations mean that vector a has coordinates 0, −3. In three-dimensional space, vectors have three coordinates, which are indicated in brackets next to the name of the vector, for example, 
or 
.
In higher education institutions, another designation for vector coordinates is more common: an arrow or dash is often not placed above the name of the vector, an equal sign appears after the name, after which the coordinates are written in parentheses, separated by commas. For example, the notation a=(2, 4, −2, 6, 1/2) is a designation for a vector in five-dimensional space. And sometimes the coordinates of a vector are written in brackets and in a column; for example, let’s give a vector in two-dimensional space.
Brackets to indicate matrix elements
Parentheses have also found their use when listing elements matrices. The elements of matrices are most often written inside paired parentheses. For clarity, here is an example: 
. However, sometimes square brackets are used instead of parentheses. The newly written matrix A in this notation will take the following form: 
.
Bibliography.
- Mathematics. 6th grade: educational. for general education institutions / [N. Ya. Vilenkin and others]. - 22nd ed., rev. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2008. - 288 p.: ill. ISBN 978-5-346-00897-2.
- Algebra: textbook for 7th grade. general education institutions / [Yu. N. Makarychev, N. G. Mindyuk, K. I. Neshkov, S. B. Suvorova]; edited by S. A. Telyakovsky. - 17th ed. - M.: Education, 2008. - 240 p. : ill. - ISBN 978-5-09-019315-3.
- Algebra: textbook for 8th grade. general education institutions / [Yu. N. Makarychev, N. G. Mindyuk, K. I. Neshkov, S. B. Suvorova]; edited by S. A. Telyakovsky. - 16th ed. - M.: Education, 2008. - 271 p. : ill. - ISBN 978-5-09-019243-9.
- Gusev V. A., Mordkovich A. G. Mathematics (a manual for those entering technical schools): Proc. allowance.- M.; Higher school, 1984.-351 p., ill.
- Pogorelov A.V. Geometry: Textbook. for 7-11 grades. avg. school - 2nd ed. - M.: Education, 1991. - 384 pp.: ill. - ISBN 5-09-003385-4.
- Geometry, 7-9: textbook for general education institutions / [L. S. Atanasyan, V. F. Butuzov, S. B. Kadomtsev, etc.]. – 18th ed. – M.: Education, 2008.- 384 p.: ill.- ISBN 978-5-09-019109-8.
- Rudenko V. N., Bakhurin G. A. Geometry: Prob. textbook for grades 7-9. avg. school / Ed. A. Ya. Tsukarya. - M.: Education, 1992. - 384 pp.: ill. - ISBN 5-09-004214-4.
If you need put in quotes or put in parentheses part of an expression already in quotes/parentheses, remember two simple principles of double brackets and double quotes:
* Russian language is not mathematics, signs do not add up, that is, there is no need to put double brackets or quotes at the end (of one picture);
* to facilitate the perception and understanding of the text It’s better to make quotes inside quotes and brackets inside brackets of a different pattern. In this case, the reader will understand exactly where one expression in brackets/quotes ends and how it relates to another.
What means “brackets and quotation marks of different designs” and what drawing is this?
How to correctly form double parentheses
Let's start with the parentheses. The main brackets are round (like this). The second level brackets are most often square ones - [like this]. And the double brackets will look like this: ... (... […])... , ... ([...]...)... or ...(... […] ...)...
For example, “I like the work of the group “Nox Arcana” (spelled Nox Arcana [Latin for “secret night”]).”
How to format double quotes correctly
Quotation marks have the same basic structure, but there are some subtleties. There are several types of quotation marks, and different countries have different traditions. We most often use “Christmas trees”, “Paws”, “Computer quotes” and some others. In printed publications and documents "first level" quotes are Christmas trees (on our website we also use them). However, on many Internet resources, direct computer quotes are used as the main quotation marks. In fact, this is not so important (although using Christmas trees is more correct and respectable), the main thing is that the selected pattern follows the text sequentially.
Second level quotation marks As a rule, the “legs” protrude - they look good with Christmas trees, as they are quite “contrasting”: you won’t confuse them. But with straight computer quotation marks, the pads may not look so good in some fonts, so check that the reader can understand how one quoted expression is positioned relative to another and the phrase as a whole. Again, once you have adopted some version of the second-level quotation marks, use it consistently.
A few examples:
“We went to the U Doma cinema and watched the film Vacation at the Dacha there. Not a bad movie,” said a friend.
LLC "Company "Scolopendra"".
The price tag read: “Rowan and Watermelon Juice.”
