Blood donor screening. Medical examination of donors

Our employee recently went to donate blood. More precisely, he went, but, as it turned out, he did not donate blood, but only underwent an examination. And he didn’t go to work that day ... Then he brought us a certificate of passing the inspection and “waved his hand” ... And I thought. After all, as far as I know, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation says that on the day of donating blood and its components, as well as on the day of the associated medical examination, the employee is released from work. And if the employee presents the employer with only a certificate of medical examination, will this not be absenteeism? He didn't donate blood, did he? And if this is not absenteeism, then how should the day of the medical examination be arranged in this case? Should we pay him this day? Tell me please.

It should be noted that personnel officers have recently begun to face the need to issue guarantees and compensations to their employees in the event that they donate blood and its components. This is due, among other things, to an increase in the activity of healthcare organizations that procure donated blood and its components.

Guarantees and compensation to employees in the case of donating blood and its components are established in Art. 186 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation ( hereinafter - the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). And although the norms themselves are spelled out quite clearly, the procedure for documenting them cannot be found in any normative legal act. So we have to decide for ourselves how and what should be framed.

YOU SHOULD KNOW THIS

Every capable citizen who has reached the age of 18 and has passed a medical examination can be a donor of blood and its components.

To summarize the provisions of Art. 186 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in the current edition, then three days can be distinguished, for which certain guarantees and compensations for donors are provided.

We are interested in the first day - the day of passing a medical examination related to the donation of blood and its components. Let's consider it in detail.

Day 1. The day of passing a medical examination related to the donation of blood and its components.

Day 2 Directly the day of donating blood and its components.

Day 3 An additional day of rest after each day of donating blood and its components.

IMPORTANT!

Donating blood is not possible without a preliminary medical examination.

We are interested in the first day - the day of passing a medical examination related to the donation of blood and its components. Let's consider it in detail.

About this day in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, starting from the very first edition, it was said only that the employee on this day was released from work. And although the Law of the Russian Federation dated 09.06.1993 No. 5142-1 “On the donation of blood and its components” established that on the day of the medical examination, an employee who is a donor is released from work with the preservation of his average earnings, from February 1, 2002, the donor will be released from work. This provision is based on Art. 423 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not apply, because in accordance with this article, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in force on the territory of the Russian Federation are applied insofar as they do not contradict the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Hence, most likely, there are questions about payment.

In this way, an employee who underwent a medical examination in connection with the donation of blood and its components is released from work on that day without providing any other guarantees and compensation.

Our reference

Blood donation(from lat. donare- donate) - a freely expressed voluntary act, voluntary donation of one's own blood or its components for subsequent transfusion to needy patients or receiving medical preparations.

According to statistics, about one and a half million Russians are given blood transfusions every year. Donor blood is required for victims of burns and injuries, during complex operations, during difficult childbirth, and for patients with hemophilia or anemia - to maintain life. Blood is vital for cancer patients during chemotherapy. Almost every third inhabitant of the Earth needs donated blood at least once in his life.

For the normal functioning of the healthcare system, it is necessary that there are 24-40 donors for every thousand people in the country. In Russia in 2007, there were 12 donors per 1,000 people, in 2009 - 14. In Moscow in 2011, there were only 6 donors per 1,000 population. At the same time, this indicator is at the level of 30-60 donors in the world. In 2008, Russia launched a federal program to develop the Blood Service (voluntary blood donation). The goal of the program is to reach 24 donors per 1,000 people.

It needs to be said that The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not make the release from work on the day of the medical examination dependent on the fact of donating blood and its components in the future. This means that release from work on the day of the medical examination is necessary, for example, both in the case when the employee was not allowed for some reason to donate blood by a doctor (removed), and in the case when the medical examination and direct blood donation took place on different days.

YOU SHOULD KNOW THIS

A foreign citizen is not prohibited by law from being a donor in Russia

However, blood donation itself is clearly dependent on a preliminary medical examination and is impossible without it.

If there are absolute or temporary contraindications to donation, the medical documents reflect the reason for rejection from donation, and the employee is issued a certificate confirming the fact of a medical examination in the form No. 401/y to be presented at the place of work. The same certificate is issued to the donor if he donates blood or its components on another day, for example, due to a malfunction of the equipment.

YOU SHOULD KNOW THIS

Medical examination and direct donation of blood and its components may occur on different days

At the same time, the employer (personnel of the personnel department) must keep in mind that in the form of a certificate approved in 1985 ( order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR dated 07.08.1985 No. 1055 "Approval of the forms of primary medical documentation for blood service institutions"), the already canceled guarantee for maintaining the average wage for the day of the medical examination is indicated. Therefore, when filling out the certificate form, corrections and additions should be made to it, reflecting the change in the norm ( example 1).

In the absence of contraindications to donation, the doctor determines the type of donation (blood, plasma, immune plasma, plasma for fractionation, blood cells), the amount of blood or its components taken, draws up a “Referral for blood donation, plasmapheresis, etc.” (Form No. 404/y) and sends the donor to the department for collecting blood and its components.

So, let's imagine a situation where an employee was absent from work on June 7, 2011, and the next day, June 8, brought a certificate to the employer in the form No. if you carefully study the form of this certificate, you can see that the certificate provides for an indication of the time of the examination in it). In part 1 of Art. 186 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation states that the employee is released from work on the day of the medical examination associated with blood donation, and nothing is said about the need to take into account the time actually spent on this examination. Hence the conclusion: whatever the time in the certificate, the employer releases the employee from work for the whole day without pay.

To designate an exemption from work in connection with a medical examination of a donor, enter an additional requisite of the symbol in the time sheet

Another thing is if the employee, having passed a medical examination and received a certificate, goes to work for some time on the same day. In this case, the employer may release the employee from work during his legal absence from the workplace on that day on the basis of a certificate.

In such cases, what should the employer put down in the timesheet to correctly record the time actually worked by the employee? Recall that the symbols for the costs of working time with their codes for affixing in the time sheet are established in a unified form No. T-12 ( approved Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated 05.01.2004 No. 1 “On approval of unified forms of primary accounting documentation for accounting for labor and its payment”) (hereinafter - Decree No. 1).

DO YOU KNOW THAT...

Unfortunately, none of the symbols introduced by Decree No. 1 is suitable for our case, when an employee is released from work without pay. Including the symbol “Additional days off (without pay)”, which has the letter code “HB”, is not suitable, since for the employee this is not a day off, but a day of release from work in connection with the passage of a medical examination required before blood donation.

Our reference

Medical examination of the donor includes measurement of weight, body temperature (the temperature should not be higher than 37 C), blood pressure (systolic pressure - within 90-160 mm Hg, diastolic - 60-100 mm Hg), determination of rhythm and pulse rate (50-100 beats per minute).

Clinical and laboratory blood testing consists in determining the blood group, hemoglobin and (or) hematocrit.

KEEP IN MIND

Exemption from work on the day of the medical examination is carried out on the basis of a certificate in the form No. 401 / y. An employee statement is not required for this. If the employee warns the employer about this before undergoing a medical examination for the purpose of donating blood, the latter does not have the right to obstruct the employee

It may seem that the symbol “absenteeism during the performance of state or public duties in accordance with the law” with the letter code “G” is suitable. However, it also cannot be used: firstly, because this case of providing guarantees and compensations is established in another, separate chapter 25 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation “Guarantees and compensations for employees in the performance of state or public duties” (Article 186 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is located in chapter 28 "Other warranties and indemnities"). Secondly, the performance of state or public duties provides for compensation, and in our case, compensation is not provided.

DO YOU KNOW THAT...

On February 28, 1926, the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR adopted a resolution on the organization of the world's first Institute for Blood Transfusion (now the Federal State Institution "Hematological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences")

In our opinion, the correct decision would be to introduce an additional requisite into the symbols of the unified forms of primary accounting documentation No. T-12 and T-13, approved by Resolution No. 1, by the organizational and administrative document of the organization: the symbol “Duration of release from work in connection with a medical examination before donating blood and its components (without saving wages) "with an alphabetic code, for example," ABOUT "and digital" 37 "(Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated March 24, 1999 No. 20 "On Approval of the Procedure for the Application of Unified Forms of Primary Records").

If the employee is released from work for the whole day, then on that day the code “OB” is entered in the top line of the time sheet, and the number of hours of release per working day is indicated in the bottom line. If, on the day of the examination, the employee goes to work, then it is necessary to put the code “OB / I” in the top line of the time sheet, and the number of hours of release and work in the bottom line ( example 2).

Summary

The employee must be released from work on the day of passing a medical examination in connection with the donation of blood and its components on the basis of a certificate presented in the form No. 401 / y. During this time, the employee's salary is not saved. To mark in the time sheet, it is desirable to enter additional details.

EXAMPLE 1

Issuance of a certificate confirming the fact of a medical examination of the donor

EXAMPLE 2

Registration of the time sheet (unified form No. T-13) (fragment)

What medical examination do you need to pass to become a donor?

All necessary tests are usually done directly at the blood transfusion stations. Some of the donated blood is taken for analysis. If desired, in 1-2 days the donor can come to the Station with a passport and receive the results of his tests. The results are communicated only personally and confidentially. If signs of infection are found in the blood, only the person who donated blood and the doctor will know about it. And the doctor will advise where you can go to find out the situation with your health.

In addition to a blood test, a potential donor undergoes a medical examination, during which the doctor measures blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and asks about health. Before the blood donation procedure, each potential donor fills out a special “donor questionnaire”, in which he answers questions about his state of health and previous diseases. The final decision on admission to blood donation is made by a transfusiologist, who assesses, among other things, the psychoneurological status of the donor and can reject him if he is suspected of using drugs, alcohol, or leading an asocial lifestyle.
^ Why is it desirable to donate blood in the morning?

This rule is observed solely in the interests of the donor. Doctors have found that the body reacts best to blood loss in the morning. And the earlier you donate blood, the easier your body tolerates this procedure. After 12.00 it is recommended to donate blood only to experienced donors.
^ How often can I donate blood and its components?

There are different types of donation – whole blood donation and component donation. Men can donate whole blood no more than 5 times a year, women - no more than 4 times a year. After donating blood, at least 60 days must pass before the donor can donate blood again. After donating blood, at least 30 days must pass before the donor can donate plasma. After donating plasma, at least 14 days must pass before the donor can donate plasma or blood again.
^ Can a smoker be a donor?

Smoking is not a contraindication to donation. Experts recommend that you refrain from smoking one hour before the blood donation procedure and do not smoke for two hours after the donation.
^ Can something infect me?

This question is asked by almost everyone who is going to donate blood for the first time. In our time, such anxiety is natural. But how do you imagine it to yourself? After all, the donor does not receive a transfusion of someone's blood, but gives his own blood. Today, only disposable medical systems are used to donate blood, so infection of the donor is excluded. Each donor has its own individual disposable system, which is opened by the doctor in his presence. Even a needle for taking blood from a finger (for express determination of a blood type) is disposable. It is impossible to get infected by giving blood. If someone still does not trust, before each action we show the donors the process of donation at the station itself. Not a single donor has left yet, everyone understands that blood donation is completely safe.
^ How is a donor selected at a transfusion point?

All donors undergo a medical examination before each blood donation. At this time, a thorough interview takes place with a medical professional who reviews the questionnaire filled out by the donor and, based on the state of health of the donor, determines whether the person is suitable for donation. It is very important that the donor who fills out the questionnaire thinks about each question and answers it honestly. All donor information is confidential.
^ How long does it take to give blood after drinking alcohol?

It must be at least 48 hours after drinking alcohol.
How to prepare for blood donation?

Blood donation is carried out after a light breakfast (not on an empty stomach!), It is advisable not to eat fatty, fried and dairy, eggs, butter, sausage, mayonnaise and ketchup the previous evening. For two days and in the morning on the day of the procedure, you can drink sweet tea, juice, fruit drink, compote, mineral water. From food, you can eat jam, bread, crackers, dryers, boiled cereals, pasta, potatoes in water without oil. It is necessary to refrain from drinking alcohol 48 hours before donating blood, as well as from using aspirin, analgin and medicines containing aspirin and analgesics 72 hours before the procedure, if possible, refrain from smoking an hour before the procedure, you must also get enough sleep.

^ Why do you need to rest after blood donation?

Each donor must rest after donating for at least 10 minutes. Even if you feel good after donating, drink juice or coffee. It helps to replace the fluid loss in the body. If you feel weak after donating blood, the experienced staff at the blood transfusion station will be able to help you quickly.
^ What is an "Honorary Donor"?

Citizens who have donated blood 40 or more times or plasma 60 or more times are awarded the Honorary Donor of Russia badge. Citizens awarded with the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia" and "Honorary Donor of the USSR" are provided with an annual cash payment of 6,000 rubles (with subsequent indexation) and other benefits.
^ What needs to be done to restore the body after donating blood?

On the day of blood donation, heavy physical and sports activities, weight lifting are not recommended. It is recommended to eat fully and regularly for two days, drink at least 1-2 liters of fluid per day (alcohol is not recommended).

Complete restoration of blood composition occurs within 5-7 days. The recovery rate of different blood components is different. In order for the composition of the blood to recover faster, it is recommended to drink more fluids - juices, tea. Proper nutrition is necessary: the donor's diet should always contain protein, on which the level of hemoglobin in the blood depends. Products containing protein - meat, beets, buckwheat, lentils, beans and all legumes, fish, etc.
^ Why should I donate blood? Aren't there enough donors already?

In Russia, only 1.7% of the population are donors. In order to ensure an adequate supply of blood, it is necessary that at least 4% of the population be donors. Many people are not suitable for donation. Only healthy people over the age of 18 can be donors. Blood must be safe for patients, so it is very important that a healthy person understands how valuable their contribution is. Donation is one of the components of a healthy lifestyle, so society as a whole should value donors.
^ What is the single dose of blood donation?

It is very important for modern medicine that as many people as possible with a body weight of at least 50 kg give blood in a full dose of 450 ml, and plasma 600 ml. Doctors have to transfuse blood in large doses to one patient, and the less this blood is taken from a smaller number of donors, the safer and more effective its action as a therapeutic agent. Donors are recommended to donate 450 ml of blood and 600 ml of plasma at least twice a year.
^ Who needs donated blood?

One and a half million Russians need blood transfusions every year. Every third inhabitant of the earth needs blood donors at least once in his life. There are several categories of people who need donated blood. There are people who need blood products in the queue for life. These are, first of all, patients with hemophilia. If there are enough clotting factors, and the patient receives adequate supportive therapy from childhood, then he is no different from an ordinary person and leads the life of an ordinary person. And without blood coagulation factors, the life of such patients is simply impossible. Patients with oncological diseases need donated blood. Modern treatment of malignant tumors involves the killing of tumor cells. Along with tumor cells, normal hematopoiesis also stops for some time. It is during this period that the patient needs maintenance therapy with donor blood components, in particular, platelets, which cannot be replaced, and is not even theoretically expected in the near future. Donor blood is needed for patients with surgical pathology. These are people who need joint prosthetics, these are cardiosurgical patients. Surgical operations are associated with trauma to blood vessels and tissues, with the need to restore lost blood components.

Blood transfusions are often required for women during childbirth. A certain number of women in childbirth are always threatened by blood loss, which must also be correctly compensated in order to save the life of the mother and child. Also in the practice of pediatrics there is hemolytic disease of the newborn, which can be diagnosed early and cured. For the period of such treatment, sick children need transfusions of a large number of various blood components.
^ Do I have enough blood to share?

An adult has 4-5 liters of blood. During blood donation, 450 ml of blood is taken - this is 8% of all blood, which is restored within 72 hours. Blood donation does not damage the immune system, but on the contrary, improves metabolism.
^ Why don't donate blood now, but components?

Blood, which was previously considered a universal transfusion medium, has given way to individual components, since as a result of scientific research and clinical observations it has become obvious that the patient should not be transfused with blood as such, but with its individual components (platelets, erythrocyte mass, plasma). Now, whole blood is taken from donors, which is further divided into components, and blood components directly. Donation is divided into three types: blood donation, plasma donation (including immune), blood cell donation.
^ What is plasmapheresis?

Plasmapheresis is the selective removal of plasma from the body. Plasma is the liquid part of blood. It contains a wide variety of substances: proteins (including coagulation factors), fats, carbohydrates, hormones, vitamins, salts, necessary for building body tissues and maintaining their vital functions, as well as organic substances that regulate metabolism. Plasma is widely used for therapeutic purposes in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, oncology and other areas of medical practice. Donor plasmapheresis is a method of obtaining plasma from a donor with the return of one's own blood cells (erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes). Why donate blood for platelets? Platelets are blood cells that stop bleeding. They are needed by people with disorders of the coagulation system. Modern treatment of malignant tumors involves the killing of tumor cells. Along with tumor cells, normal hematopoiesis also stops for some time. It is during this period that the patient needs maintenance therapy with donor blood components, in particular, platelets, which prevent the development of severe bleeding in patients. One dose of platelets can be obtained from every 400 grams of donor blood, but most patients need to transfuse several doses of platelets at a time. When transfusing blood products from different donors, the patient significantly increases the risk of transfusion reactions and complications. To reduce this risk and increase the number of platelets received from one donor, a special procedure is provided - plateletpheresis - when a donor donates such a number of platelets in one donation that can be obtained from 3-4 doses of whole blood. This procedure requires somewhat more participation from the donor than a simple blood donation. Due to the complexity of the procedure, platelet donors are often in short supply. You can donate platelets once every two weeks. These norms are associated with the rate of restoration of the normal number of platelets in the body.
^ What if I want to donate blood for a specific patient?

If you know the name and surname of the person for whom you want to donate blood, then it is enough to come to the medical institution where such a patient is located and contact the donor center, which is usually located at the hospital. You can also contact the blood transfusion station that serves this medical institution and inform that you are going to donate blood for a particular patient, indicating his name and place of treatment. You must first agree on blood donation with the doctors who treat the patient for whom you want to donate blood.
^ How does donating blood affect health?

Donating blood on a regular basis is useful for the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system and, in addition, contributes to the self-renewal of the whole organism. Scientists from the University of Kuopio in Finland examined 5,000 men and found that heart attacks occur ten times less often in those who donate blood regularly. American researchers from the Kansas Medical Center have confirmed that men who are regular donors are 30% less likely to suffer from heart attacks.

Moreover, blood donation and subsequent renewal most directly affect the improvement of a person's emotional state. And in serious situations, for example, in an accident, the donor has a better chance of survival, since his body is more adapted to blood loss.
^ Is there any addiction to donation?

There is no addiction to donation: the production of blood components in the body of a healthy person is a complex self-regulating process that is not affected by periodic blood donations. It's just that bloodletting in scientifically based doses has some stimulating effect, so donors are mostly active and cheerful people. Surrounding this is sometimes regarded as "dependence" on blood donations.
^ Is it harmful to donate blood? Is the human body adapted for this?

Donating blood is not harmful. The human body is evolutionarily adapted to bloodletting: this is a universal reaction mechanism for injuries, and in women, in general, it is part of the functioning of the body.

What sensations can arise when donating blood? I want to help, but I'm terribly afraid of all these procedures.

As for feelings, everything is very individual. There may be very slight sensations of pain when the needle is inserted into the vein, but only for a couple of seconds. Sometimes during blood donation, more often in men, there are fainting spells. Women, by virtue of their physiology, are better adapted to small blood loss. Moreover, fainting and speak more about psychological fear. Many donors do not observe any changes in their state of health and do not cancel the decrease in normal activity on the day of blood donation - they go to work, etc. And for many, there is euphoria from the consciousness of a good deed done.

You can become a donor Whole donated blood is not used. Each dose of blood is divided into components, the main of which are erythrocytes, plasma and platelets. The patient receives exactly the component that he needs. Thus, the blood of one donor can save the life of several patients.

">blood if you meet the following conditions:

you have the citizenship of the Russian Federation or a residence permit in Russia for a period of at least one year;
you are over 18 years old (or you have acquired full legal capacity before reaching the age of 18 in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation);
you don't have medical You can see the full list of contraindications in the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated September 14, 2001 No. 364 "On approval of the procedure for medical examination of a blood donor and its components."> Contraindications to blood donation - both temporary and absolute.

You can become a platelet donor if:

you are a personnel donor of those blood transfusion departments where platelets are harvested;
the content of platelets in the blood during the examination before donation is more than 210x109/l;
the need for a platelet concentrate of a certain group and Rh-affiliation was confirmed.

2. What do you need to become a donor in Moscow?

To become a donor, sign up for a donation at the O.K. Gavrilov of the Moscow Department of Health. You can do this:

5. How often can I donate blood and how much?

The maximum allowable number of blood donations for women is 4 times a year, for men - 5 times a year.

Intervals between:

blood donations - 60 days;
delivery of blood components (plasma, platelets) - 14 days, per year no more than 20 plasma pumps and no more than 10 plateletpheresis;
between erythrocyte donations - from 60 to 180 days (depending on the volume of blood cells taken).

The maximum volume of one plasma delivery is not more than 600 milliliters, and the maximum volume of plasma delivery per year is not more than 12 liters, excluding preservative.

6. What is involved in donating blood?

Blood donation can be free of charge and for a fee. In the first case, after the donation, donors will receive compensation for food - 1,128 rubles, donations are taken into account when presented for awarding the badges "Honorary Donor of Moscow" and "Honorary Donor of Russia".

In the second case, the amounts of payments will be (compensation for food is not paid):

for donations of whole blood, subject to a rare phenotype of erythrocytes - 1800 rubles;
for plasma donations - 3372 rubles;
for platelet donations - 7860 rubles;
for donations of erythrocytes (400 ml) - 5616 rubles.

The amounts of payments for donation with the receipt of social support measures:

for whole blood donations - 5208 (4080+1128) rubles or 24000 rubles deferred for 4 donations during the donor year (+1128 rubles after each donation);
for plasma donations - 4728 (3600+1128) rubles;
for platelet donations - 6888 (5760+1128) rubles or 62,400 rubles for 10 donations during the donor year (+1128 rubles after each donation);
for donations of erythrocytes (400 ml) - 7128 (6000+1128) rubles or 19200 rubles for 2 donations during the donor year (+1128 rubles after each donation).

Donors are also provided with 2 days off at the place of work with the preservation of wages.

7. Who is a staff donor?

A career or active donor is a person who donated blood or its components three times during the year (365 days from the date of the last donation) and agreed to donate blood at any time for a specific blood transfusion station. As a rule, a personnel donor donates blood or its components more often than 3 times a year, and also undergoes a medical examination 2 times a year and provides certificates of his health at the Blood Service institution.

The staff of the blood transfusion station to which he is attached have the contact information of a personnel donor, and they can invite him to donate at any time if they need components of his blood.

A human donor can donate blood free of charge (with monetary compensation for food, social guarantees and benefits) or donate blood and its components for a monetary reward.

8. How to become a staff donor?

The question of whether you are ready to become a personnel donor of a particular SEC is asked by the station doctor. Your consent means you are ready to donate blood for this SBC at any time. After that, you should be issued a medical card of an active donor.

To obtain a card, you will need documents from the clinic at the place of attachment:

an extract from the outpatient card for the entire period of observation by years, indicating the date of establishment of the card;
conclusion of an infectious disease specialist on contact with infectious patients over the past 6 months;
electrocardiogram (ECG) with interpretation;
urinalysis results;
fluorography result with a number;
conclusion of a gynecologist (for women).