The warmest river in the Perm region. Rivers of the Perm Territory: a detailed overview

A river in the European part of Russia, the left and largest tributary of the Volga River.
It originates in the central part of the Verkhnekamsk Upland from four springs near the former village of Karpushata, now part of the village of Kuliga, Kez district of the Udmurt Republic. It flows mainly between the heights of the High Trans-Volga region along a wide, sometimes narrowing valley. In the upper reaches (from the source to the mouth of the Pilva River) the channel is unstable and meandering, on the floodplain of the oxbow. After the confluence of the Vishera River, it becomes a high-water river; the banks change: the right one remains low and has a predominantly meadow character, the left one almost everywhere becomes elevated and in places steep. There are many islands in this area, there are shoals and rifts. Below the confluence of the Belaya River near the Kama, the right bank becomes high and the left bank low. In the lower reaches, the Kama flows in a wide (up to 15 km) valley, the channel width is 450-1200 m; breaks into sleeves. Below the mouth of the Vyatka, the river flows into the Kamsky Bay of the Kuibyshev reservoir.
The main tributaries to the left are Yuzhnaya Keltma, Vishera s Kolva, Chusovaya s Sylva, Belaya s Ufa, Ik, Zai, Sheshma, Menzel; on the right - Kosa, Obva, Vyatka, Toyma, Mesha. All right tributaries of the Kama (Kos, Urolka, Kondas, Inva, Lysva, Obva) and part of the left (Veslyana, Lunya, Leman, South Keltma) are flat rivers flowing from the north. Mountain, cold and fast-moving rivers originate in the Ural Mountains and flow into the Kama on the left (Vishera, Yayva, Kosva, Chusovaya).
The river is inhabited by sterlet, sturgeon, bream, carp, crucian carp, asp, silver bream, ide, chub, bleak, pike perch, perch, ruff, pike, burbot, catfish, etc.

- a river in the Middle Urals, the left tributary of the Kama.

It flows through the territory of the Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk regions and the Perm Territory of Russia. The river is interesting in that it originates on the eastern slopes of the Ural ridge, in Asia, crosses it and mainly flows along its western slopes, in the European part of Russia, passing twice from the Sverdlovsk region to the Perm region.
Chusovaya's length is 592 km. Of these, Chusovaya flows through the Chelyabinsk region - 20 km, across the Sverdlovsk region - 377 km, along the Perm region - 195 km. The catchment area of \u200b\u200bthe river is 23,000 km².
The river originates on the eastern slopes of the Ural ridge, in Asia, crosses it and mainly flows along its western slopes, in the European part of Russia, passing twice from the Sverdlovsk region to the Perm region. Chusovaya is adorned with numerous rocks (stones) standing in places where the river crosses mountain ranges. The picturesque shores of the Chusovaya, the presence of numerous attractions made it a popular tourist attraction in the Urals. Chusovaya originates in a swampy area in the north of the Chelyabinsk region, according to some sources, from the Big Chusovskoye Lake, according to others - from Lake Surny, near the Ufaley station and flows to the north. After 45 km, the river merges with the Western Chusovaya (it originates on the Ufaleiskiy Ridge, after which it flows for about 150 km along the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains). Here, the width of the river bed ranges from 10 to 13 m. In the upper reaches, the Chusovaya receives many tributaries, and the right ones are mostly larger and full-flowing. The river valley in the upper reaches is wide, the slopes are gentle. Between the tributary Revda and the village of Sloboda, on the banks of the Chusovaya, there are outcrops of crystalline shales formed as a result of the interaction of igneous and sedimentary rocks.
The width of the river in the middle reaches is 120-140 m. In the lower reaches, after the town of Chusovoy, after leaving the Ural Mountains, the river is typically flat. The speed of the river slows down, the channel widens in places up to 300 m: Chusovaya slowly flows surrounded by flooded meadows, swamps, deciduous and mixed forests, at times describing wide bends. The river flows into the Chusovskaya bay of the Kama reservoir, formed during the construction of the Kama hydroelectric station, 693 km from the mouth of the Kama, slightly above the city of Perm. The river is fed mixed, with a predominance of snow (55%). Rainfall is 29%, underground 18%. The bottom of the river along its entire length is mainly rocky and pebble. Chusovaya usually freezes in late October-early December, opens up in April-early May. The lower reaches of the river are characterized by ice clogs and jams with a rise in the water level up to 2.8 m.

- a river in the Sverdlovsk region and the Perm region of Russia.
Length 493 km, basin area 19,700 km². It originates on the western slope of the Middle Urals, flows mainly to the west. It flows into the Chusovskoy Bay of the Kama Reservoir.
The river is full of water, the water is clean, the current is moderate, in the lower reaches it is calm. The channel is very winding, with many rifts and shoals. Karst is widely developed in the basin of the lower Sylva (for example, Kungurskaya, Zakuryinskaya, Serginskaya caves, etc.). In the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Serga, the Sylvensky bay of the Kama reservoir begins.
The food is mixed, with a predominance of snow. Average discharge of water 45 km from the mouth is 139 m³ / s. Freezes at the end of October - beginning of November, characterized by frostbite, opens in the second half of April.
The main left tributaries are the Vogulka, Irgina, Iren, Babka and Kishertka; the right - Barda, Shakva, Lek and Molёbka.
Navigable 74 km from the mouth.
On the left bank of the Sylva there is the so-called "Moleb anomalous zone".

- a river in the Perm Territory of Russia, a left tributary of the Kama River (flows into the Visher Bay of the Kama Reservoir).
Length - 415 km, basin area - 31,200 km². The average height of the river catchment is 317 meters. The average slope of the river is 0.2 m / km.
The fifth longest river in the Perm Territory, one of the most picturesque rivers in the Urals. It starts in the north-east of the region, on the border with the Komi Republic and the Sverdlovsk region. It flows mainly along the foothills of the Urals, having for the most part the character of a fast mountain river flowing in a narrow valley; many shallows and rapids. Karst phenomena are widespread in the basin.
The right source of Vishera - Malaya Vishera - originates on the Yana-Emta ridge, the left - Bolshaya Vishera - from the spurs of Porimongit-Ur, one of the peaks of the Belt Stone ridge, on the very border of the Komi Republic, Sverdlovsk Region and Perm Territory. The springs are separated by the Vishersky Stone and merge at the northern foot of the Army Mountain.
Vishera from the source to the mouth of the Uls River is a turbulent mountain river with a large number of rifts. Its width here is up to 70 meters.
Middle Vishera - from the mouth of the Uls to the mouth of the Kolva - a river up to 150 meters wide with many rifts and streams. The river valley widens considerably here, but there are still many coastal rocks.
Lower Vishera (from the confluence of the Kolva to the confluence of the Vishera into the Kama) is a flat river, flowing in places up to 900 meters.
Along the entire course in the channel and along the banks - rocks and stones, many rifts. Vishera is characterized by high floods, rain floods and low summer low water. The main left tributaries of the Vishera are Niols, Moiva, Vels, Uls, Yazva, Akchim; the main rightists are Lopya, Lypya, Vaya, Kolva.
The food is mixed, with a predominance of snow. It freezes in late October - early November, opens at the end of April. Rafting. Regular passenger service to the city of Krasnovishersk. There are diamond deposits in the Vishera basin.
The Vishersky Reserve is located in the upper reaches.

- a river in the Perm Territory of Russia, flows through the territory of the Cherdyn region, the fourth in length and the largest right tributary of the Vishera (Kama basin).
It starts in the northeast of the region near the border of the Komi Republic, on the southeastern slope of the Kolvinsky Kamen mountain (575 m above sea level), flows mainly along the western slope of the Northern Urals and flows into the Vishera above Ryabinino, 34 km from the mouth. The length of the river is 460 km.
The main tributaries are: left: Birch, right: Visherka.
The river is inhabited by roach, perch, pike, grayling.

- mountain-taiga river in the Perm region, left tributary of the Kama.
It starts from the confluence of the Northern Yayva and Midday Yayva near the border of the Sverdlovsk region, west of the Typyl River valley. It flows into the Kama reservoir south of the city of Berezniki, forming a bay.
Length - 304 km.
In the upper reaches of the Yaiva, there is a shallow mountain river with rifts and rapids. Spruce-fir taiga, pine forests, swamps are located along the banks.
The main tributaries: left: Gub, Abiya, Kad, Chikman, Chanva, Vilva, Usolka, right: Ulvich, Ik.
The river is inhabited by roach, perch, pike, grayling, bream, taimen, chub, asp ..

- a river in the Perm Territory, the left tributary of the Kama.
It begins in the west of the Sverdlovsk region from the confluence of two sources: Bolshaya Kosva, flowing from Pavdinsky Kamen, and Malaya Kosva, flowing from the southern slope of Kosvinsky Kamen. It flows into the Kama reservoir, forming a bay. The length of the river is 283 km. Main tributaries: left: Kyrya, Bolshaya Oslyanka, Vilva. right: Tylai, Typyl, Nyar.
Kosva is a mountain river with a fast flow, numerous rifts and rapids, among which the Tulymsky rapids with a length of more than 6 km stands out.
The banks are covered with forest. The right one is steep and rocky, the left one is cut with bays.
The river is inhabited by roach, perch, pike, grayling, bream, taimen, ruff.

- a river in the Perm region, the right tributary of the Kama. Length - 267 km. The mouth of the river is located near the village of Ust-Kosa and is home to bream, pike perch, asp, pike, roach, chub, burbot, and perch.

River in the Komi Republic and Perm Territory, left tributary of the Kama. The catchment is located on the territory of the eastern end of the Northern Uvaly in the highly boggy Veslyanskaya lowland. The length is 266 km. From the village of Keross to the village of Ust-Chernaya, the width of the river is 30-35 m, near the village of Badya - 60-100 m, in the lower reaches - up to 100 m The river is inhabited by bream, pike, roach, burbot, perch, chub, gudgeon, ruff.

- a river in the Perm Territory, the right tributary of the Kama. The length of the river is 257 km. The source of Inva is located on the Verkhnekamsk Upland near the border of the Kirov region. The river flows through the territory of the Komi-Permyak district and flows into the Kama reservoir, forming the Invensky bay. The river is inhabited by bream, pike, roach, burbot, perch, gudgeon, ruff.

Collapse - a river in the Perm Territory, the right tributary of the Kama. It begins in the forests of the Upper Kama Upland in the north-west of the Sivinsky District of the Perm Territory, near the border of the Kirov Region. It flows into the Kama 780 km from the mouth, forming the Obvinsky Bay of the Kamsky reservoir. The length is 247 km. The largest tributaries: left: Yazva; Nervous; right: Siwa; Bub; Lysva The river is inhabited by bream, pike, roach, burbot, perch, ruff.

- a river in the Perm region, the left tributary of the Vilva. The Vizhay River begins in the east of the region, west of the Koiva valley and flows into the Vilva 28 km from its mouth. The length of the Vizhay River is 125 km, the total catchment area is 1080 km2, the average catchment height is 375 m. The average slope is 2.2 m / km. It breaks open from the ice at the very end of April - early May. The main tributaries of the Vizhay are the rivers Kosaya, Skalnaya (left tributaries), Pashiyka, Rassolnaya (right tributaries).

Can be attributed to large rivers (that is, rivers with a length of more than 500 km). This is the largest river in the Kama region (1805 km) and its left tributary Chusovaya (592 km).

Out of 29 thousand, only 40 rivers are medium, that is, they have a length of 100 to 500 km. The largest of them are:

• Sylva - 493 km,
• Vishera - 415 km,
• Colva - 460 km,
• Yaiva - 403 km,
• Kosva - 283 km,
• Spit - 267 km,
• Veslyana - 266 km
• Inwa - 257 km,
• Obva - 247 km.

More than 60% of the rivers in the Perm Territory are fed by melt water. Long-term freeze-up, high spring floods, low summer and winter low-water periods can be observed in them. High water lasts longer in the north of the region, thanks to the vast forests and heavy snow cover.

Most of the rivers of the Perm Territory are flat. They have a winding bed and a slow flow.

Originating in the Ural Mountains, the left tributaries of the Kama in the upper reaches are typical mountain rivers. They have a fast current with rapids, rifts and waterfalls. There are picturesque cliffs and stone outcrops on the banks. The most interesting thing is that many of the mountain rivers of Perm can only be reached from the Sverdlovsk region. Having descended from the mountains to the plain, these rivers in the middle and lower reaches lose their mountainous character.

For centuries, Perm rivers have served not only as a water resource. In those days, when there was no air or railway communication, rivers were the main roads throughout Russia, including the Kama region.

Now the rivers are places for recreation and fishing. Of all types of recreation on the rivers of the Perm Territory, rafting is especially popular. Starting from the first days of May and until late autumn, a huge number of tourists go on rafting using kayaks, catamarans and rafts.

Which rivers to choose for rafting? Rafting on each river is unique and inimitable. In the Perm Territory, rafting is carried out on the Chusovaya, Vishera, Usva, Kosva and many others rivers. Rafting on the river is the best vacation!

- the largest left tributary of the Volga. The name comes from the Udmurt "kam" - "river, current". Another interpretation of the name is attributed to the Udmurt "kema", which means "long". According to one of the old theories, the ethnonym Komi ("people from the Kama") originated from the name of the Kama river.

The Kama is considered a tributary of the Volga, True, the Permians believe that this Volga is a tributary of the Kama, and their opinion is shared by many scientists. A number of facts speak in favor of this:

• The ancient Kama valley is much older than the Volga, figuratively speaking, when the ancient Kama (paleo-Kama) already existed, the Volga did not exist yet. And only then the Volga joined (at right angles) to the Kama in connection with geological transformations;

• The Kama basin is larger than the Volga, the Kama receives the waters of more rivers than the Volga;

• The source of the Kama is located above the source of the Volga, and this is one of the criteria for determining the supremacy of this or that river;

• At the confluence of the Kama and Volga, according to such an indicator as water content, they are absolutely equal.

The length of the river is 1805 km. Earlier, before the appearance of three reservoirs, it was even longer - more than two thousand kilometers. On the territory of the Perm Territory 910 km. Basin area 507,000 km²

Kama originates from 4 springs in the center of the Verkhnekamsk Upland in Udmurtia, near the village of Kuliga. This is a return river, that is, it makes an arc and flows near the mouth in the direction opposite to the flow of the source. Although the river is 1805 km long, its source is only 445 km from the mouth, if measured in a straight line.

The Kama is fed mainly by snow, as well as underground and rain. Freezing in November, ice lasts until April. Ice drift in spring lasts from 2 to 15 days. The water level in the river can vary up to 8 meters. The basin includes 73718 rivers, 94.5% of them are small rivers, no more than 10 km long. The river runoff is over a considerable length regulated by the dams of the Kama, Votkinsk and Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power stations, above which reservoirs have been created.

The Kama River can be divided into 3 sections:

• upper reaches (from the source to the mouth of the Vishera),

• middle course (from the mouth of the Vishera to the mouth of the Belaya),

• the lower course (from the mouth of the Belaya to the confluence of the Volga with the Kama).

The Perm Territory includes sections of the middle and upper reaches.

Kama in the upper reaches winds strongly, the channel is unstable and winding, many oxbows, in which fish breed, are formed in the floodplain. It becomes a wide river with a strong current and picturesque banks near the village of Gainy. Near the village of Ust-Kosa at the mouth of the right tributary of the Kosa, the Kama reaches 200 meters in width.

Kama banks on average flow change: the left bank becomes elevated and steep. the right one remains low-lying with a meadow character. Many islands, shoals and rifts appear.

The Kama becomes a full-fledged deep river only after the confluence of the Vishera. The volume of water flow in Perm is 52 cubic kilometers per year. The average slope of the river is 0.1%. The current speed ranges from 0.3 to 1 km / s.

The creation of reservoirs has improved shipping conditions. There are regular passenger flights from Perm to Moscow, Gorky, Astrakhan and Ufa. The picturesque banks of the Kama River attract many tourists. For active recreation and rafting, the upper reaches of the river are more interesting. The river is also attractive as a place for sport fishing. The upper course is best suited for this, since already below Solikamsk on the banks of the river there are a huge number of industrial enterprises. Therefore, the ecological situation in the middle and lower reaches is very unfavorable.

More than 40 species of fish live in the Kama. The most numerous are pike perch, bream, pike, ruff, burbot, bleak, roach, perch, ide, blue bream, asp, catfish, sabrefish, white-eyed, gudgeon, dace, silver bream, chub, pluck and crucian carp.

Before the construction of hydroelectric power plants, there were 3 species of herring in the river, sturgeon, beluga, Caspian lamprey and white fish, now this fish is not there, but catfish and tulka appeared, and rotan in floodplain water bodies.

Grayling and taimen are found in the upper reaches and tributaries. In some areas of the Upper Kama, a large number of sterlet is artificially maintained.

5 species of fish are listed in the Red Book of Russia, their catch is prohibited: sterlet of the Upper and Srednyaya Kama, taimen, brook trout, sculpin, fastfish.

Currently, the number of fish and fishermen is not so great, since the cost and complexity of the transfer is not justified by the catch. Basically, residents of the nearest villages to Kama catch.

Kama photo

Chusovaya river is the left tributary of the Kama. It originates in the Chelyabinsk region, then in the middle reaches it passes twice from the Sverdlovsk region to the Perm region and ends its journey in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Perm, flows into the Kama reservoir. Its interesting feature is that Chusovaya originates in Asia, on the eastern slopes of the Ural ridge, crosses it and, mainly, flows in the European part of Russia, along the western slopes of the Ural Mountains, through the territory of the Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk regions and Perm Krai, that is it flows through two parts of the world from Asia to Europe.

Chusovaya's length is 592 km. Of these, it flows in the Chelyabinsk region - 20 km, in the Sverdlovsk region - 377 km, in the Perm region - 195 km. The average catchment height is 356 m. The catchment area is 23,000 square meters. km, average slope 0.4 m / km.

The water level on the river is unstable and changes rapidly. In a rainy summer, it can climb 4-5 meters.

On its way, the water crosses many mountain ranges; at the intersection on the banks, numerous rocks (so-called stones) rise, forming the most picturesque landscapes.

Many of more than 200 rock outcrops have the status of natural monuments. The river has more than 150 tributaries - from small streams to high-water rivers. There are more than 70 rifts on the river, the largest of which is Kashkinsky. In 2004, the Chusovaya River Natural Park was created on a 148-kilometer stretch of the river.

There are several versions of the origin of the name of the river. According to the most common hypothesis, the name comes from the Permian Komi words "chus" - fast and "va" - water, i.e. "Chusva" - "fast water". This river has played a huge role in the history of the Perm region.

On Chusovaya there are hundreds of beautiful sights: rocks, caves, monuments ...

In summer, rafting on Chusovaya is very popular among tourists.

In the lower reaches of the river, many episodes of the famous Soviet musical comedy film " Volga-Volga»Directed by Grigory Alexandrov. In the village of Sloboda, the film by Yaropolk Lapshin “ Gloomy river».

Chusovaya photo

Vishera is the fifth longest river in the Perm Territory, the left tributary of the Kama River (flows into the Vishera Bay of the Kama Reservoir). This is one of the most picturesque rivers in the Urals.

Its length is 415 km, the basin area is 31 200 km². The average slope of the river is 0.2 m / km. The average catchment height is 317 meters.

Vishera is characterized by high water, low summer dry season and rain floods. The river is meandering, there are many rocky rifts.

It flows into the Kama, and the Kama is inferior in width and water content at the confluence. There is even an opinion among experts that it is more reasonable to consider the Kama a tributary of the Vishera.

According to one version, it received its modern name from people from Veliky Novgorod, in honor of the river of the same name.

It has two origins. They are separated by the Vishersky Kamen ridge. The 16 km long right arm is called Malaya Vishera (Khalsoria), it originates on the Yana-Emty ridge.

The left, 24 km long, Bolshaya Vishera (Pazarya), begins on the spurs of one of the peaks of the Belt Stone ridge - Porimongit-Ur, or rather, from the southwestern slope of the mountain with an elevation of 1128.1 m, called the Saklaimsori-Chahl Mansi.

This is a unique point in the Urals, where seven borders converge:

Europe and Asia; Sverdlovsk region and Perm region; as well as the watersheds of the three great rivers of Russia - Pechora (Malaya Khozya), Ob (Purma) and Volga (Vishera).

In 1997, in honor of the 200th anniversary of the Perm region, a memorial pillar "Europe-Asia" was erected here.

Both sources of Vishera always lie under the snow and merge at the northern foot of Mount Munintump (Army, 924.1 m).

The entire course of the river can be divided into 3 sections:

Upper Vishera - the most turbulent part of the river. This is a section from the source to the mouth of the Uls River. The entire site is literally dotted with rifts, the channel winds strongly, the depth is shallow. The width of the river here is up to 70 m. After the confluence of Niols and Lopia, it becomes possible to raft along the river.

• The upper reaches are the least inhabited - only the village of Vels at the mouth of the tributary of the same name. There are mountain ranges: Tulym stone (up to 1469 meters is the highest point in the Perm region),

• Kurynsar - 896 meters,

• Larch - 862 meters.

Most of the Verkhnyaya Vishera is located on the territory of the Vishera reserve. Fishing in the reserve is prohibited.

Average Vishera - from the mouth of the Uls River to the confluence of the Kolva River (199 km). There are still many rides, but now there are many stretches. The width of the river reaches 150 m, the speed of the current decreases. There are many picturesque coastal rock-stones: Pisanny, Stolby, Dyrovaty, Vetryanoy, Gostinovsky, Fighter, Brothel, Talkative, Vetlan.

The banks of the river are most populated here, along the banks are the villages and settlements of Sypuchi, Visherogorsk, Vaya, Akchim, Zagovorukha, Romanikha, Talitsa, Bakhari, Ust-Yazva, as well as the regional center, the city of Krasnovishersk.

Logging is being carried out along the banks, the ecology is deteriorating somewhat.

Lower Vishera- from the mouth of the Kolva River to the confluence with the Kama (34 km). Typically flat river, in some places it overflows up to 900 m.

In the middle of the twentieth century, due to the molten timber alloy and water emissions from the pulp and paper mill in the city of Krasnovishersk, this area lost its fishing significance.

But in the upper reaches of the fish is quite enough. In the tributaries of the Vishera, there is even a sculpting goby listed in the Red Book, which is an indicator of the purity of the water.

In the upper reaches there is also the largest population of grayling and taimen in the region and Europe. Individuals reach 1.5-2 kg. Until 1958, the industrial grayling industry flourished except for Vishera on the Berezovaya, Uls and Vels rivers. Up to 187 centners of fish were caught annually (more than in Karelia, Ladoga and Onega lakes combined). Due to poaching in the upper reaches of the river, the population of grayling in Vishera has begun to decline rapidly, and at present there is no commercial fishing for grayling.

Among the animals in the Vishera region there are bears and beavers, and there is a wolverine. Of the birds, the golden eagle, merlin, osprey and ptarmigan are listed in the Red Book.

There is also a mysterious bird - the black stork, also listed in the Red Book. Legend says: whoever finds the nest of a black stork will inevitably face death in the very near future.

The mountain tundra is home to herds of reindeer. Swans are found in the upper reaches of the Vishera and its tributary Lypya.

On the slopes of the mountains in the dark coniferous taiga, the yellowish-brown Ural sable lives. Here lies the western border of its habitat. A marten and a large Ural sable gave a valuable cross - kidus (kidas). This type of fur-bearing animal is found only in the mountains of the Northern Urals; in the Perm Territory, Kidus lives in the upper reaches of the Vishera.

You can often hear the phrase "Vishera diamond". The river is so called both for its fabulous beauty and for the diamond deposits in its basin.

Vishera rafting is very popular among tourists. The river is ideal for family rafting and for rafting by large companies: it is quite calm, without rapids.

It is best to start the rafting from the villages of Vels or Vaya, and end in the city of Krasnovishersk. In this section, the river is suitable for rafting throughout the summer. The beauty of the Vishera River, picturesque banks, unique nature will give you many pleasant moments.

Vishera photo

There is another version of the origin of the name, according to which Yaiva is the name of the daughter of the forest king. The hero Tulum fell in love with her, and she reciprocated. But the river king did not want to give his daughter to Tulum, and during a thunderstorm he threw into the water the palace where the lovers lived. Tulum's shattered body turned into boulders, and the Yaiva became a fast mountain river. And since then, as if embracing and mourning her beloved hero Tulum, the beautiful Yayva rushes her crystal clear waters through the Tulum boulders.

These boulders are now called Yayva Tulums, and begin 20 km before the confluence of the Kad River. The largest rapids of the Yayva Tulums even have their own names (Oblique Head, Birch Head, Bear's Head, Ravines, etc.).

After the confluence of the Kad Yayva river, it becomes noticeably calmer, the current is slower, the channel is deeper, rocky outcrops along the banks.

After the dam on the reservoir of the Yaivinskaya GRES, the river is very picturesque, wide, deep and calm.

Taimen and grayling live in the river and its tributaries. Pike and large perch are kept in the oxbows. After the village of the same name, asp, bream and chub are caught. In the village itself there is a fish farm of the Yaivinskaya GRES, so local fishermen downstream got used to catch fish that escaped from the cages - carp, trout, taimen, etc.

The river is interesting for rafting, during which tourists visit picturesque rocks with caves along the banks. The Tikhy Kamen tract is especially popular.

Chanva is a left tributary of the Yaiva, flows in the Perm Territory through the territory of the Aleksandrovsky District. Length 70 km, catchment area 733 km².

It is formed on the northern slope of the White Spoi ridge from the confluence of the Rassokha and Tsenva rivers. The mouth of the river is located 183 km along the left bank of the Yaiva River.

The name comes from the Komi word "chan" - a foal, which in relation to the river means - playful, fast. Thus, Chanwa is a "fast river" or "fast river".

Chanwu is called the "cave river". In the coastal cliffs and outlier cliffs in the forest, there are many known and unknown caves.

The channel runs along a deep rocky valley. There are steep elevation changes throughout the river.

Rafting in Chanwa is popular with tourists. The best time for rafting is the first 2-3 weeks after the ice drift (from mid to late May). Then the river is full enough, and there is no need to drag rubber boats and especially catamarans along the rifts.

On the banks there are interesting rocks and caves, which are natural monuments of federal significance. Among them are the Anyusha tract, the Chanvin caves.

At the confluence of the Berezovaya river, a path (2 km) goes to the Tyne cave.

The Chanva estuary is located just below the village of Verkhnyaya Yayva.

The Lytva River - flows in the Perm Territory. It flows into the Votkinsk reservoir near the city of Osa, forming a bay over 20 km long and up to 5 km wide. The length of the river is 118 km, the average slope is 0.8 m / km, the catchment area is 3.5 thousand square meters. km at an average height of 200 meters above sea level. 110 tributaries less than 10 km long flow into the river.

Spring floods lasting about 25-30 days begin in April. As a rule, the highest water levels are observed at the end of April. With heavy rains, there may be rain floods, accompanied by a significant rise in the water level.

Although Tulva begins its journey in the Uinsky district and flows into the Kama in the Osinsky district, most of the 118 km of the river is located in the Bardymsky district. Therefore, the people of Bardim consider it theirs, and call their land Pritulvinsky.

It is not known for certain where the name of the Tulva River came from. The part "va" indicates the Komi-Permian "water", a significant number of names of the rivers of the Perm Territory end in "va". But "Tul" can be translated in different ways: either from the Mansi "tul" - fog, or from the Permian Komi as a "nail", "wedge", or from the Tatar "tula" - full.

Local Tatars call the river Tol, in historical documents another name is also found - Tolbuy. Legends tell about the origin of this name: “The village of Tanyp is the oldest settlement in the upper reaches of Tulva, in ancient times one man, Gainetdin, moved here and built a house. After a while, his younger brother came and settled downstream of the river, in the place where the village of Ishimovo is. And then he saw chips floating down the river and found his older brother. Then the younger brother drowned, and his wife told the river that you brought me such grief, let your name be "Tol" - a widow. " This is how the Tatar name of the Tulva River appeared.

Rechenka Yusva - Swan River,
The homeland is small, the homeland is bright.
Your right wing is a native field,
Your left wing is a treasured grove.
V. Radkevich

The Perm region is called a water region, because we have over 30 thousand reservoirs. They form a bizarre, branched, dense network.

The names of many rivers have the ending "va" (in Permian Komi "va" - water, river): Gaiva, Kolva, Usva, Unva, Chelva, Kosva, Koiva, Lysva, Nizva, Pozhva, Sylva, Syuzva, Urva ...

Perhaps you can't list everything.

Such geographical names are not accidental. They come from the words of the Permian Komi, Zyryan Komi, Udmurt, Mansi, Khanty, Bashkir and tell about any features of the river, which were noticed with amazing accuracy by the tribes who once lived here.

So, Colva is a river in the Cherdyn region, the largest tributary of the Vishera, 490 km long, collects water from an area equal to the territory of Belgium. The modern name of the river is the Mansi "kol" I "changed by the Komi-Permians, which means fish river (at the Mansi" kol "is a fish," I "is a river) In the past, the Mansi wandered and fished in the Kolva basin.

Chelva - four rivers of the Perm region have this name: tributaries of the Kama, Kosva, Nerdva and Obva. All of them are flat, quiet, which is quite consistent with the Permian Komi "people" - quiet.

Ulva is a river in the Solikamsk region, a 65 km long left tributary of the Urolka. The name of the river comes from the Komi "ul" I damp, wet and means a damp, wet river, that is, a river that flows in the lowlands with damp banks.

Unva - this is the name of two rivers of the Bereznikovsky region, left tributaries of the Yaiva. Their name is also Permian Komi and comes from the word "una" - a lot; hence, Unwa is an abounding river.

Gaiva is a river in the suburban area of \u200b\u200bKrasnokamsk, a 73 km long right tributary of the Kama. "Guy" in the Permian Komi is a response in the forest, and spruce "haiva" can be translated as water with a good response, an echo.

But the name of the Inva, the right tributary of the Kama, in Permian Komi means female water, female river; river, beautiful as a woman. The river has beautiful, picturesque banks, covered with a colorful carpet of forest and wildflowers. This feature is reflected in its name.

Vilva - several rivers of the Perm region have this name. It comes from the Permian Komi "wil", that is, new, and means new water, river.

Koiva is a 189 km long river in the Chusovsky region with a narrow valley and steep slopes. "Koy" is a bird; apparently, many birds flocked here in ancient times, leaving a memory in the name of the river.

Kosva is a large 345 km long tributary of the Kama reservoir. The word "kos" goes back to the Komi-Permian "kes" and means dry (in the sense of small). The name conveys well the feature of this reservoir - shallow water, a river with shallow depths, rifts.

Lysva is the name given to three rivers of our region: the tributaries of the Kama, Obva and Chusovaya. "Lys" in the Permian Komi - needles, that is, Lysva - coniferous water, a coniferous river flowing through an area overgrown with coniferous forest. This has been the case in the past.

Nizva is a river in the Cherdyn region, a 125 km long left tributary of the Kolva. Its name is poetic: sable water, sable river ("down" in the Komi language - sable).

Pozhva is a tributary of the Kama. This name comes from the Udmurt "pozh" - muddy; hence, the water in this river is muddy.

But the word "Sylva" (from the Permian Komi "sei" - clay) means clayey water, a clayey river.

As you can see, the name of the river is its characteristic given by our distant ancestors.

The largest river is Kama. The length of the Kama occupies

6th place among the rivers of Europe, after the Volga, Danube, Ural, Don and Pechora.

The name of the river comes from the Udmurt word "kam", which means "big, long river".

It starts from a spring in Udmurtia, near the village of Kuligi. It is in this place that there is a pedestal with the inscription: "The Ural River Kama begins here"

From under the roots of the birches A small stream flows. Light, lively fontanelle. Who among you could believe. That the influx of the huge Kama begins here? So from a little spring Kama river rose! B. Shirshov

At first, the Kama flows in the form of a stream, but gradually it gains strength and becomes a river with abundant water.

Kama majestically rolls its waters through forests, meadows and fields. Its length was 2032 km, and with the creation of reservoirs it decreased. Now its length is 1805 km. About half of its way, about 950 km, it flows within our region.

The Kama receives many tributaries both to the right and to the left. The right tributaries are flat, quiet and calm. These are Inva, Obva, Siva, etc. Left tributaries in the upper reaches are mountainous in nature, they are fast, impetuous, noisy. These include Vishera with Yazva and Kolva, Kosva, Chusovaya. It is easy to see that the names of the rivers of the Perm Territory often end in "va". It means "water, river".

Rivers of the Perm Territory with a particle of "va" - water

Velva -high-rise river

Vilva -fresh water

Ivan -divine river (women's tears)

Koiva -cold, icy (splashing) river

Colva -hunting river

Kosva -shallow river (water)

Lysva -river in a coniferous forest

Capelin -beaver river

Obva -meadow snowy river

Oshva -bear water

Pozhva -turbid water

Suzva -river flowing where owls are found

Urva -squirrel river

Usva -noisy water

Chusovaya -fast water

The Kama itself is the largest left tributary of the Volga.

The Kama and its tributaries are full of water. They feed on rain, groundwater and melt water that comes in in the spring when snow and ice melt. In winter, the Kama, like all its tributaries, freezes over. In the south, the ice on the river lasts about 140 days, that is, more than four and a half months, and in the north - 180 days.

The waters of Kama serve as a source of energy. Construction was completed in 1954 Kamskaya hydroelectric power station.It is one of the largest power plants in our country. Its dam has two parts. On the right bank there is a reinforced concrete spillway section of the dam, combined with the building of the hydroelectric power station.

The dam is 386 m long, 50 m wide, 35 m high. The water raised by the dam presses with its weight on the blades of machines called turbines. Under the tremendous pressure of water, the turbines rotate and transmit their motion to other machines - generators that generate electric current.

Above the dam spilled a large Kama reservoir.

In the south-west of our region in 1961, on the Kama River, the construction of the second hydroelectric power station - Votkinskaya was completed. It is twice as powerful as the Kamskaya HPP. The water level in Kama has risen 23 meters above the new dam. Tae, the Votkinsk reservoir was formed. Its area is 1120 km 2.

Our hydroelectric power plants are part of the Volga-Kama cascade of hydroelectric power stations (a cascade is a name for hydroelectric power stations located downstream at a certain distance from each other and connected to each other). They are part of the RusHydro association.

Thanks to the creation of reservoirs on the Kama, conditions for the passage of ships improved, and many tributaries of the Kama became navigable.