Structure and composition of the State Duma of the Russian Federation: list, responsibilities and features. Deputies Deputies from

/ Vladimir Fedorenko

Remember 2014-15? When Crimea became ours, and the economy began to burst at the seams again, motivating citizens to buy a third TV for their kitchen. Officials said that nothing would change for those living in the “ruble zone,” but the genetic memory of their ancestors inexorably drove people to stores and exchange offices to save their rapidly depreciating ruble savings. Several years have passed since then, and at some point officials began to optimistically say that the next crisis (like the horrors of the 90s) was behind us, and now the Russian economy is showing impressive growth at the level of the most developed countries in Europe. But this logical trick turned out to be not very clear to the general public. People are content with the television agenda, preferring not to remember what happened a few minutes ago. But if you delve a little into the past, you can stumble upon a large number of interesting figures and facts that demonstrate how well some Russian citizens are doing, while others are not doing so well.

“We don’t need to pay attention to other people’s idiots, we have enough of our own. In the end, it is the right of any country to have a crazy deputy.”

Vitaly Milonov

One of the striking episodes of 2015 was the demonstrative unity of the servants of the people with the people, when all the people on TV began to cut their salaries: they say, “since the common people are living worse and worse, we, too, must demonstrate belt-tightening.” On February 27, 2015, a decree was signed to reduce the salaries of the president, prime minister, members of the government, the prosecutor general and the chairman of the Investigative Committee by 10%. State Duma deputies also announced to themselves that their salaries would be reduced. In April 2015, it dropped by 10%.

“We believe that the elite should also experience the negative consequences of the crisis along with the Russian population.”

First Deputy Chairman of the Socialist Revolutionary faction Mikhail Emelyanov

“We understand that 10% will not save the country from the economic crisis. We are ready to cut wages and more. If tomorrow the speaker says that it needs to be cut, for example, by 30–35%, we are ready.”

Vice Speaker of the State Duma from the LDPR Igor Lebedev

However, if you look at the salaries and bonuses of public servants over several years, the sacrifice no longer looks so significant.

So, in 2012, a deputy of the lower house of parliament received 165 thousand rubles per month. In accordance with presidential decrees in September 2013 and September 2014, deputy salaries were increased, and by the end of 2014 they amounted to 420 thousand rubles per month. This is a bare salary without bonuses, incentives and numerous bonuses at public expense. After salary cuts in 2015, the average salary of a deputy was 390 thousand rubles. In 2016 - already only 383 thousand. However, 2016 was marked by elections to the State Duma and “golden parachutes” for deputies who were not re-elected to the new composition. People's non-re-elected people were paid a one-time payment of 1.586 million rubles, and parliamentary insurance, medical, household and pension benefits, the right to use official housing in Moscow (for non-residents) and official cars were preserved until December.

On July 5, 2018, the State Duma decided to refute rumors about the huge salaries of deputies and published on the official website the amount of salary that servants of the people have to be content with. For the first six months of 2018, after all the reductions and cutbacks, the deputy received 388.5 thousand rubles per month. Net after taxes - 338 thousand. As part of the discussions about the retirement age, the size of deputy pensions was also revealed to us. A deputy who has “served” one term receives a pension in the amount of 46 thousand 626 rubles. A people's choice who serves two or more terms receives 63 thousand 581 rubles. The deputies themselves do not consider these salaries high. “If we equate the pay of deputies to the average salary in the country, non-professionals will work in the State Duma,” State Duma representatives noted.

But the people do not reward their servants with a single salary. 450 people's representatives have many other benefits. For example, out-of-town deputies receive housing. With furniture, appliances and all the things necessary in life, including bed linen, ashtrays and glasses, which are regularly updated. After the 2016 elections, expenditures were announced in the amount of 58.9 million rubles for repairs and 50.9 million rubles for furniture. The deputies themselves assess the housing provided as spartan. However, dozens of deputies in each convocation are in no hurry to leave these harsh apartments on time after the end of their powers. Speaking about housing for deputies, it is worth mentioning the current program for the construction of 125,226 sq. m. meters of housing for officials of the highest authorities from the presidential administration, the government, the Federation Council and the State Duma, the highest courts, the Central Election Commission and the Accounts Chamber. The cost of building eight houses is estimated at 11 billion rubles.

“Those who think that parliamentary apartments are heaven on earth are mistaken. Everything is at an average level, there is no European-quality renovation. The windows are plastic, but they were installed in the late nineties. The apartments are provided with Belarusian furniture of low quality, many people change it and buy additional cabinets, shelves, etc. The dishes are dilapidated. Until recently, the entrance doors to the apartments were wooden, there was just a passage yard. Recently they just replaced them with iron ones, but people live with children. And there was no real security, only recently a barrier appeared. On the territory There is a hotel in the complex, anyone can check in and do whatever they want with the deputies.”

The total cost of maintaining the State Duma in 2018 will be 10.69 billion rubles. But the State Duma is not the most expensive structure. The Federation Council in 2018 will spend about 5.9 billion rubles, which is 300 million rubles more than in 2017. The Presidential Administration in 2017 spent about 107 billion rubles. Will be spent in 2018 almost 114 billion rubles. It is interesting that of these billions, the Presidential Administration spent only 91 million rubles under the heading “President of the Russian Federation” in 2017; in 2018 they want to spend on the “President of the Russian Federation” 137 million rubles. And in Russia there is the Prosecutor General’s Office (73.5 billion rubles for 2018), the Investigative Committee (40.6 billion rubles), the Constitutional Court (681 million rubles), the Supreme Court (5.1 billion rubles) and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court (195.8 billion rubles).

Meanwhile, in the surrounding Russian people, the average salary in 2018 is officially 41,650 rubles. However, beyond the Moscow Ring Road these figures are usually surprising. The country on TV and in reality are different. Just like five years ago, in the regions 20,000 rubles in hand is not such bad money. Ordinary people survive from paycheck to paycheck, not always being able to pay even for utilities. At the end of the first quarter of 2018, the debts of Russians for housing and communal services alone amounted to 1.4 trillion rubles. This is 5.3% more than last year. There is no unity between deputies and the people. Parliamentarians and officials continue to live significantly better than ordinary people.

And there's nothing wrong with big bonuses. A top manager, a high-ranking executive, should have a higher salary than a simple performer. Such a person must work effectively, without thinking about everyday trifles that distract from much more serious tasks. However, an official, as a hired manager, must justify his salary by deeds. In fact, these well-to-do people care first and second about their own well-being. And numerous miscalculations and mistakes can always be blamed on world crises, the USA, Ukraine, communists, monarchists, liberals, merciless progress and other enemies of Russia. For some reason, the average citizen is satisfied with these excuses, and over and over again he elects as deputies people who constantly prove that they do not professionally correspond to their salaries.

Some people think that after the elections something will happen.
And after the elections there will be nothing.
And that's life.
V. Chernomyrdin

— Ilya Varlamov (@varlamov)

The State Duma of the Russian Federation is the chamber of the Federal Assembly. In Russia, this is the highest legislative body of power. The final composition of the State Duma is elected; the term of parliamentary powers is 5 years.

Who's in parliament

The powers of the VII convocation came into force on September 18, 2016. On this day, national elections took place, which determined the composition of the State Duma both according to party lists and single-mandate constituencies.

Voter turnout was almost 48 percent. Parties needed to get 5 percent of the votes to get into the federal parliament. To win in a single-member constituency, it was enough to get a simple majority.

According to the results of the vote count, only four parties overcame the 5 percent threshold. The State Duma included "United Russia", which received more than 54 percent of the votes, the second and third places were taken by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party, with a little over 13 percent each, and "A Just Russia" took 4th place with a result of 6.22%.

The composition of the State Duma of the Russian Federation was also formed by the people's representatives who won in single-mandate constituencies. In addition to the parties that passed the 5% threshold, representatives of Rodina, Civic Platform and one self-nominee were in the Duma.

Structure of Parliament

The fundamental link in the structure of the State Duma is its apparatus. Its functions include legal affairs and the activities of people's representatives. And also work with documents, analytics, assessment of information, financial, material and technical conditions, provision of social and living conditions for deputies. Andrei Voikov became the first head of the apparatus in 1994. She currently holds this position. Despite the fact that a new composition of the State Duma was elected, she retained her post.

An important role belongs to He is responsible for establishing interaction with other branches of government - the judicial and executive. In the first convocation, the Parliament was led by Vyacheslav Volodin, who now holds this post.

The main bodies of the federal parliament that take part in the lawmaking process are State Duma committees. Their composition is formed according to the proportional principle: how many deputies from parties are included in the State Duma, they will be represented in the committees in the same proportion.

All issues that are subsequently included in the agenda of Duma meetings are initially discussed in the relevant commissions. Now the Duma has commissions on legal support, budget and construction, and many others.

The function of planning the work of Parliament is assigned to the Council of the State Duma. He is also obliged to complete the development of bills by the next meeting of the lower house.

List of parliamentary associations

In each convocation, deputies exercise their right to form factions and groups. At the same time, inter-factional associations and independent parliamentarians periodically work.

Exotic parliamentary associations existed from the first to the fourth convocation. For example, "Anti-NATO" or "Women's groups".

The current composition of deputies of the State Duma has currently formed factions in accordance with the party affiliation of the deputies who are in them. The same situation arose in the Dumas of the last three convocations. Independent groups and coalitions fade into history over time.

Rights and obligations

The responsibilities of people's representatives who are members of the State Duma in parties and single-mandate constituencies are prescribed in federal legislation. They are divided into two groups.

The first includes those that a parliamentarian is obliged to carry out directly in the State Duma.

These are oral appeals to the Prosecutor General and other high-ranking officials, speeches at sessions and meetings, participation in the work of Duma committees and commissions.

In his constituency, a deputy is obliged to contact all kinds of government bodies, organizations and enterprises based on citizens’ appeals received to him and seek answers. The people's choice must be received freely by officials, and he also has the right to receive and disseminate information, unless it is particularly sensitive.

What are deputies not required to do?

Despite the fact that the law lists not only the rights, but also the duties of a parliamentarian, one very obvious one is not among them. It is an obligation to attend meetings of the State Duma.

The absence of this provision in the law risks the fact that disciplinary measures are not applicable to so-called truant deputies. Unlike Russian legislation, in the practice of foreign states, the status of a deputy is spelled out in more detail, and much attention is also paid to penalties that can be applied to a people's deputy in case of failure to fulfill his direct duties.

Features of the State Duma of the VII convocation

The main feature of the new State Duma is that for the first time in modern Russian history, one of the parties represented in parliament has a constitutional majority. That is, two-thirds of the seats in parliament.

As a result of the elections, United Russia received 343 seats in the lower house out of 450. This means that deputies of this party can pass any laws without the support of representatives of other political forces. After all, there are many times fewer members of other parties. In the State Duma there are only 42 communists, 39 liberal democrats and 23 members of A Just Russia.

It was received by Veronica Tomilina, a teacher at school No. 1861. She created scripts for English lessons for the sixth grade. Today, more than 360 schools in the capital are taught by teachers who are holders of a grant from the Mayor of Moscow for their contribution to the development of MES.

Participants will find three new areas of study and a significant expansion of one of the existing areas. Older Muscovites will study acting and stage speech. Citizens are also invited to attend ski training, ice skating and other sports.

This was announced by Vladimir Efimov, Deputy Mayor of Moscow in the Moscow Government for economic policy and property and land relations. The turnover of Moscow public catering organizations for seven months of 2019 reached 110 billion rubles, an increase of 10.7% compared to the same period of the previous year. More than 50% of turnover comes from the Central Administrative District.

On October 4, parents will plant trees in honor of their newborn children. In total, more than 2,300 personalized seedlings will appear at 27 sites in the capital’s forest parks this fall. The first named trees in honor of newborns will appear in the Bitsevsky forest.

Now the maximum speed of mobile Internet can reach 200 megabits per second. Average speeds for normal passenger traffic will be about 35 megabits per second. As the mobile operator notes, this will allow you to check social networks while driving, as well as play online games and continuously watch streaming video.

As part of the project “Come in, it’s open!” The Moscow City Health Department will allow visitors to medical institutions to check their health status, receive the necessary medical care, and attend lectures and master classes.

Previously, only individual experiments could be carried out in MES laboratories, allowing work only according to the proposed scenario. Now schoolchildren will be able to perform any experiments in electrodynamics, create objects of planimetry and stereometry, and also build online graphs of functions.

It will be held from October 3 to 5 in the 75th pavilion of VDNKh. The Grand Prix winner's project is recommended for implementation in one of the Moscow districts. Residents of 16 Russian and foreign cities sent their proposals for participation in the competition: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar, Voronezh, Belgorod, Vladikavkaz, as well as Minsk and Alma-Ata.

During the conservation of fountains, specialists will have to drain the water, rinse the bowls, dismantle nozzles and install plugs, remove ball valves and lamps, clean intake grilles and blow out pipelines. In total, more than 600 fountains have been installed in Moscow. During the season they are open daily from 08:00 to 23:00 and until 00:00 on weekends and holidays.

The harvest festival will cover more than 1.5 thousand sites throughout the city, as well as 22 metropolitan agricultural markets, 96 weekend fairs and 1,386 chain stores. This year the main theme of the festival will be innovation in agriculture. The central platform will be Red Square. There, the organizers will create a rural landscape with a Russian field, an orchard, a pasture, an apiary and a mill. There you will also be able to see models of tractors, trucks and combines.

After the completion of the procedure for summing up the results of the elections to the State Duma, the parties have finally decided on their party nominees, distributed the mandates they received and are ready to begin work. The first Duma meeting will take place on October 5. The elected deputies will “decide the fate” of the Russian people in the next five years. The lives of ordinary citizens will depend on their proposals, initiatives and bills.

Who got it for what?

This year the elections were held according to a mixed majority-proportional system. This means that single-member districts were returned: 250 members of the lower house were elected from a specific district. On the one hand, this made it possible for individual representatives of small parties to enter the State Duma, for example, the chairmen of the Rodina and Civic Platform parties. On the other hand, the representation of United Russia has increased. Of the possible 450 parliamentary seats, the party in power received 343 mandates, forming a constitutional majority.

As for the formed factions, little has changed compared to the last convocation. 225 party mandates were divided between four parties: " United Russia", LDPR, Communist Party of the Russian Federation and "A Just Russia". The only difference is the number of seats occupied. Here, too, United Russia received an absolute majority - 140 mandates.

In total, United Russia accommodated 343 seats. Next comes the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, which took second place, receiving 42 seats on the party lists. The LDPR came in third place, fighting fiercely for victory and almost snatching silver from the communists. Vladimir Zhirinovsky's associates in the seventh composition will be 39 people. 34 on party lists and 5 single-mandate seats.

For a more detailed acquaintance with the deputies of the State Duma of the seventh convocation, Life presents an “interactive” Duma.

"Green" newcomers vs. regulars

From the very beginning of the election campaign, a course was set for political renewal of the Duma composition. Both Russian President Vladimir Putin and United Russia set the tone. Back in May 2016, the party in power held an internal party vote. Anyone who met the minimum requirements could take part in it. According to party regulations, a Russian over 21 years of age without dual citizenship can become a candidate. He must have no criminal record or penalties under administrative articles on extremism. In addition, the candidate is prohibited from having accounts abroad. Finally, in order for a candidate not to be removed from the primaries, he must take part in the debates at least twice. The primaries made it possible to significantly update the party's candidate lineup.

And thus, according to the election results, 47.7% of all elected deputies will cross the threshold of the building on Okhotny Ryad for the first time.

The Duma has not been updated so significantly for a long time. For example, in the sixth and fifth convocations of the State Duma there were 143 and 157 new deputies, respectively, which amounted to only 31.8% of the total number of deputies.

But the seventh composition also included Duma old-timers, those who had been a deputy since the first convocation. There are eight of them. This is, of course, Vladimir Zhirinovsky and Gennady Zyuganov. And also Stanislav Govorukhin, Anatoly Greshnevikov, Gennady Kulik, Tamara Pletnyova, Sergei Reshulsky and Nikolai Kharitonov.

In addition, the new electoral system played a role in the renewal. The return of single-member constituencies allowed self-nominated candidates to run. As a result of the elections, one such candidate was able to receive the coveted mandate.

We also note that the seventh composition includes Duma returnees - those who have previously been a deputy in at least one composition, but did not make it into the sixth. .

Regional majority

Life offers to familiarize yourself with the interactive map of Russia to understand and the interests of which subjects of the Russian Federation will be most “defended” in the State Duma of the seventh convocation.

The interests of which constituent entities of the Russian Federation are represented by deputies?

Income of deputies

Before becoming a candidate for the Duma, applicants were required to provide the CEC with information on income, bank savings and property. Among the deputies elected in September, the top ten richest in terms of declared income for 2015 included representatives of three parliamentary parties. Deputies from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in this convocation turned out to be “poorer” than their colleagues.

However, the situation is different with funds in bank accounts. Three billionaires and 230 millionaires got into the renewed State Duma. Among the millionaires are two United Russia members and one representative of the LDPR party. If the total amount and the income of all State Duma deputies over the past year amounted to a little more than 4 billion, namely 4,369,665,635 rubles, then the amount that is stored in the bank accounts of newly appointed deputies exceeded 10 billion and amounted to 10,601,096,462 rubles. But it is interesting that the total amount in the bank accounts of the Duma “lucky” billionaires is almost 6 billion. To be precise, 5,920,482,025 rubles. This is more than half of the total number of deputies - 55.8%.

The LDPR had a party. It can be assumed that representatives of this party are the wealthiest deputies. But in fact, the LDPR occupies only second place. We decided to compare parties based on the average amount of declared income and bank accounts, because if, for example, United Russia has 343 representatives in the Duma, then the Socialist-Revolutionaries have only 23 in the Duma. But this did not stop them from becoming the richest. The “average” deputy from this party accounts for 20,559,490 rubles.

Of course, the party in power brought the most money to the State Duma. Although they collectively own almost three billion rubles,on average, a party nominee has only 8,695,937 rubles. Thus, they close the top three, positioned after the LDPR, which has 17,233,521 rubles per deputy head.

When you hover over the dynamic visualization, you can see more detailed data about the funds in bank accounts, declaredincome, as well as movable and immovable property of deputies of the State Duma of the new convocation. The size of the deputy’s “field” is proportional to the amount of money in bank accounts.

But the title of “richest deputy” goes to United Russia. Billionaire and deputy Leonid Simanovsky has almost 3 billion. Let us recall that 450 deputies have a little more than 10 billion. To be precise, Simanovsky has 2,992,075,595 rubles.

In addition to a huge amount of money, Simanovsky has three land plots with a total area of ​​9 thousand 170 square meters. m; two residential buildings in the Moscow region ; three apartments with a total area of ​​454 sq. m. Two of them are located in Moscow. Note that the average area of ​​an apartment in Moscow is approximately 50 square meters. m.

In addition, Simanovsky has six vehicles. Among them are carsMercedes Benz S500 (2006); Mercedes Benz S500 4 MATIC (2010); Mercedes Benz ML 350 (2006) and twoboats: Buster L (2006) and Aquador 32C (2012). By the way, the latter currently costs 17.5 million rubles.

But the other two billionaires are much “poorer” than Simanovsky. These are United Russia member Irek Boguslavsky, who has 1,847,406,424 rubles in his account, and Vasily Tarasyuk from the Liberal Democratic Party, the owner of 1,081,000,005 rubles.

According to the income statement, Irek Boguslasky does not have any movable or immovable property. But Tarasyuk became the owner not only Audi A5 Cabriolet (2014), but also land plots with a total area of ​​2 thousand 373 sq. m.; two houses over 1000 sq. m.; two to apartment in Moscow with an area of ​​246.1 sq. m and in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra - 86 sq. m.

And Alexander Skorobogatko from United Russia wins the “battle of millionaires”. 739,853,886 million rubles are stored in his bank accounts. According to the declaration, he owns only one apartment.

But not all MPs are incredibly rich. For example, newly elected LDPR deputy Vasily Vlasov has only 51 rubles in his account and has earned nothing over the past year. Vlasov is now 21 years old.

What will the deputies arrive in?

What Russian person doesn’t like fast driving, beautiful and luxurious cars, and any luxury vehicles? Our new people's representatives were no exception.

The most popular brand among deputies of the seventh convocation was Mercedes Benz. 50 models of this brand may well end up at the State Duma building on October 5th.

The second most popular was the Japanese Toyota. The deputies of the seventh convocation have 43 models of this brand at their disposal. And Lexus closes the top three with 21 cars.

The biggest fan of vehicles turned out to be boxer and deputy Nikolai Valuev. He has three Toyota cars, two snowmobiles, two motor boats and seven trailers.

But the most interesting means of transportation are luxury marine vehicles: boats, yachts, motor boats. Life offers to familiarize yourself with this Duma arsenal.

But only one person can fly to the first meeting, and in the literal sense of the word - deputy from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Alexander Nekrasov, owner of a Eurocopter EC 120 B helicopter.

Who knows, maybe Nekrasov will become that “wizard in a blue helicopter” who will still give voters “ five hundred popsicles" well-being.

The number of deputies in the State Duma is determined by the Russian Constitution. During its existence, which is more than two decades, this law has not undergone significant changes. At the same time, the history of Russian parliamentarism is much longer. Let's find out how many deputies are in the State Duma of Russia, as well as some other nuances of the functioning of this body and its history.

The origins of Russian parliamentarism

Before finding out how many deputies are in the State Duma, let's plunge into the history of the emergence of Russian parliamentarism.

The first parliament in our country, which was called the State Duma, arose during the times of the Russian Empire. Its foundation was a kind of concession from the monarchy to the people, who demanded the right to participate in governing the country, which led to the unfinished revolution of 1905. At the same time, Emperor Nicholas II issued a decree establishing the State Duma. True, its decisions were not binding, but only advisory in nature.

Already in December 1905, the first convocation of this parliamentary body began working. The number of deputies was 448 people. Most of them were members of the factions of Constitutional Democrats (153 people), Trudoviks (97 people) and Autonomists (63 people). 105 deputies were not members of any party. The first meeting of the Duma of this convocation dates back to April 1906, but it worked for only 72 days and was dissolved in July according to the imperial decree.

The Duma of the second convocation worked in the first half of 1907. This time the total number of deputies in the State Duma was 518 people. Now the Trudoviks had the majority (104 deputies), and the Cadets only had 98 deputies. The removal of State Duma deputies was carried out in June 1907, when the parliamentary body was dissolved under the pretext of suspicion of an attempt by some of its members to carry out a coup.

The Duma of the third convocation worked from 1907 to 1912. It represented 446 deputies. This time the Octobrists had the majority - 154 people.

How many deputies are there in the State Duma of the last, fourth, convocation, which worked from 1912 to 1917? 442 deputies took part in its activities. The majority were again Octobrists - 98 people. It was dissolved after the February Revolution in October 1917, when elections to the Constituent Assembly were called. But further prospects for Russian parliamentarism remained unfulfilled, since the October Revolution of 1917 took place in the country.

Later, the Supreme Council became the legislative body of the RSFSR, and then the Russian Federation. He exercised legislative function from 1938 to 1993.

Formation of the State Duma of the Russian Federation

The reason for the formation of a new parliamentary body was the attempt of a significant part of the deputy corps of the Supreme Council, led by its speaker Ruslan Khasbulatov, to carry out a coup d'etat in October 1993. The attempt was unsuccessful, but it served as a reason for the dissolution of the Supreme Council.

That same year, Russian President Boris Yeltsin issued a decree on the formation of a new parliamentary body, the State Duma. Elections to the Duma were held in December 1993.

Functions of the State Duma

Now let's find out what the activities of State Duma deputies are.

The State Duma is the highest legislative body in Russia. That is, the main responsibility of deputies is This parliamentary body has the status of the lower house of the Federal Assembly, the upper house of which is the Federation Council.

The rights and obligations of members of parliament are specified in the Law on the status of a deputy of the State Duma. For example, this law guarantees parliamentary immunity, as well as a number of other privileges of people's representatives.

Term of office of deputies

Initially, during the transition period immediately after the establishment of the State Duma, deputies of the first convocation received their powers for only a period of two years. But from the next convocation it was planned to increase this term to four years. This was done, therefore, from 1995 to 2011, deputies from the second to fifth convocations received powers for a period of four years.

But since 2011, the term of parliamentary powers has been increased to five years. It was during this period that the deputies of the sixth convocation were given the opportunity to perform their duties. This was done in order to save budget funds for holding elections.

The next elections to the State Duma are scheduled for September 2016.

Election mechanism

What is the system for electing deputies to the State Duma? As mentioned above, if previously elections of deputies were held once every four years, now they are held once every five years.

Russia has a mixed election system. That is, half of the deputies are elected from a single-mandate constituency, and the other half from party lists. Thus, in the first case, voters vote for a specific person, who, if he wins the district, will become a deputy, and in the second case, for a party. It is this approach that makes it possible to maximally ensure both the interests of specific regions and the electoral preferences of voters.

Number of deputies

Now let's find out how many deputies there are in the State Duma. The Russian Constitution, which stipulates the size of the parliament, gives a clear answer to this question.

At the moment there are 450 deputies in the State Duma. Moreover, this number has not changed since the formation of this parliamentary body in 1993.

Composition of the State Duma

We found out how many deputies there are in the State Duma of the Russian Federation. At the same time, it is no less important to know what forces currently represent the people’s interests. Due to its cumbersomeness, it will not be possible to present a complete list of deputies of the State Duma for 450 people, but we can study the structure of parliament by finding out the number of representatives from the factions in it.

At the moment, the most number of deputies in the Duma are from the pro-government United Russia faction - 238 people. Then come the deputies from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - 92 people. Following them are representatives of the A Just Russia faction - 64 people. The fewest number of deputies in parliament are from the LDPR - 56 people. This number of deputies is optimally justified by the need for representation of various constituencies in Russia, as well as political forces.

Structure of Parliament

Now let's find out how the State Duma is structured and what its internal organization is. After all, 450 deputies are still a considerable number of people, and each of them, in addition to the main function of lawmaking, must perform additional tasks in parliament.

We spoke in general terms above about the factional division of deputies. One has only to say that factions are groups of deputies united by a single long-term goal and a common vision of the further path of development of the country. Most often, factions are formed around individual parties or created from the union of several parties.

The first person in the State Duma is the chairman. His responsibilities include managing the work of parliament during sessional activities, as well as representing it in relations with other government agencies, as well as foreign parliamentary bodies. elected by deputies by secret ballot, usually at the first session of convocation. In addition, the first deputy and deputies are elected. Their responsibilities include assisting the chairman in conducting the session, in addition, the first deputy must replace him in case of absence for any reason. At the moment, the chairman of the State Duma is a member of the pro-government United Russia party Sergei Naryshkin.

The main task of the State Duma apparatus is to ensure the smooth functioning of the Russian parliament. This body is obliged to monitor the logistical, informational, financial, and organizational support for the activities of deputies. The chief of staff of the State Duma is in charge of this structure. At the moment, this position is occupied by Dzhakhan Rejepovna Pollyeva.

Specific areas of legislative activity are dealt with by State Duma committees. They consist of deputies organized into groups into separate segments, often according to party quotas. Currently the main committees are:

• under constitutional law;
• according to budget;
• on labor and social policy;
• on economic policy;
• on property issues;
• on energy;
• by industry;
• on health protection;
• of Education.

In addition, there are a number of other committees. In these structural divisions of parliament, specific bills are developed and discussed, according to the specialized direction of the committee. The activities of the committees are led by chairmen who have first deputies and deputies.

The activities of commissions are very similar to the work of committees. The main difference is that the tasks of these structures do not include legislative activity, but control in some area of ​​functioning. Sometimes commissions are specially formed to monitor the implementation of a specific task. There are currently six commissions in the Russian parliament:

• to monitor the accuracy of income information;
• on issues of parliamentary ethics;
• counting commission;
• for the construction of buildings for the parliamentary center;
• to control the development of the Russian defense industry;
• to control the expenditure of funds from the budget aimed at ensuring national security.

Each commission is headed by a chairman.

Another structural body of the Russian parliament is the State Duma Council. It is this body that prepares specific bills for consideration at the session, and plans the work of parliament during the session procedure. That is, this is the body that carries out preliminary work on finished bills before submitting them for general consideration by deputies.

The Council is headed by the Chairman of the State Duma. In addition, the Council includes its deputies and leaders of parliamentary factions. But chairmen of committees have only the right of an advisory vote in this body.

This, in general terms, is the structure of the organization of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

Dissolution of the State Duma

The possibility of dissolving parliament is provided for by the Russian Constitution. This procedure can be carried out if the Duma has three times rejected candidates proposed by the president for the post of chairman of the government or three times expresses no confidence in him. In this case, the head of state can exercise his constitutional right to dissolve parliament. But so far in modern Russian history this procedure for dissolving the State Duma has not been used. The only dissolution of a parliamentary body was carried out in 1993 under President Boris Yeltsin. But then it was still called the Supreme Council, that is, it was even before the establishment of the Duma.

In addition, the removal of State Duma deputies has already been carried out on an individual basis several times. In this case, parliament itself decides to remove its individual members. For example, according to this procedure, Ilya Ponomarev, a deputy from the A Just Russia faction, was suspended from his activities in the State Duma.

The meaning of parliamentarism

The importance of the State Duma in Russia is difficult to overestimate. After all, this is precisely the body of government through which, through the institution of elections, citizens exercise their constitutional right to govern the country. Its tasks include the adoption of legislative acts, as well as the performance of a number of control functions, and some other tasks. That is, in other words, the adoption of specific laws in the country depends on the State Duma.

The existing number of deputies in parliament is scientifically justified by the required number of representatives from all regions of Russia and various political forces, so that the interests of the entire population of the country are taken into account. That is why it was decided to stop at 450 deputies.

Of course, like any government institution, parliamentarism is far from ideal. At the same time, it should be noted that a more effective governing body, through which the entire mass of the population having citizenship of a particular state can influence public policy, has not yet been invented in the world. In addition, the existence of several, including a separately allocated legislative branch, functioning through parliament, makes it possible to control other branches of government (executive and judicial) and prevent the usurpation of governance of the country by one of them or by the president.