Amundsen Royal. What was discovered by Rus Amundsen

Roald Amundsen is the greatest Norwegian polar explorer who forever left his name in history.

Amundsen - (16.07. 1872 - 18. 06. 1928) - one of the most famous sailors in Norway. Amundsen Roal Engelbregt Graving is a famous traveler. Also, Roald Amundsen is known as a researcher of the polar lands.

Roald Amundsen is the first person to reach the South Pole (December 14, 1911). The first explorer to complete the sea passage both in the North-Eastern (along the coast of Siberia) and the North-Western sea (along the straits of the Canadian archipelago).

From biografii Royal Amundsen:

Roal was born in 1872 in southeastern Norway (Borg, near Sarpsborg) in a family of hereditary sailors and shipbuilders. Roal was born the youngest, fourth son in the family. His parents had their plans for the youngest child, deciding not to introduce him to the family craft.

The boy grew up surrounded by brothers and neighbors, spending a lot of time in games near his parents' house. The family devoted a lot of energy to sports - simulators and horizontal bars were built. In winter, puddles replaced them.

At school, Roal studied mediocre, but even then, many noted his tenacity and obstinacy.

From childhood, his hobby was reading books about traveling to distant lands. Then he read almost all publications about travels for the Arctic Circle, which he managed to get.

When Royal was 14 years old, his father died, and the family moved to Christiania (Oslo since 1924). His mother and children moved closer to the royal court. Mother diligently read Royale a place in the intellectual elite of society, after giving to the medical faculty after the gymnasium.

At the age of 15, he fell into the hands of a book by D. Franklin on an expedition to the Atlantic Ocean, which defines his whole subsequent life. The whole youth of the young man was devoted to serious preparation for a future expedition. Secretly from his mother, Amundsen in the early years began to prepare for expeditions: he was tempered, did physical exercises, and also played soccer, believing that this game helps strengthen the muscles of the legs. The future polar explorer accustomed himself to cold temperatures. He knew that medicine was not his life's work.

Roald Amundsen in childhood

Roal, at the insistence of his mother, entered the medical faculty of the university, but when he was 21 years old, his mother dies, and Roal immediately leaves the university. He wrote later: “With inexpressible relief, I left the university to give myself wholeheartedly to the only dream of my life.”

When Amundsen had just entered the medical faculty in Oslo, he devoted most of his time to studying foreign languages, being sure that their knowledge was necessary for travel. What was subsequently discovered by Roald Amundsen in geography is largely due to his many years of training throughout his youth.

From a young age, he dreamed of conquering the cold lands of the planet. After reading a book about the famous traveler, he began to prepare himself for the hardships that might meet on the way. From adolescence, Amundsen tested himself with diets and exhausting physical activity. Roald even hired on a fishing boat to hone his navigator skills. However, during one of the training campaigns, Royal miraculously managed to avoid death. After the meal was over, he and his brother, having lost their orientation, wandered along the plateau near the house. Brother Royal miraculously managed to find a way home.

In 1893, the future traveler Roald Amundsen met with the Norwegian explorer Astrup, and did not even consider a different fate than being a polar explorer. He literally became obsessed with the idea of \u200b\u200bconquering the poles.

In 1896, the first journey of Royale took place. He embarked on an expedition to the ship Belgica under the command of the Belgian polar explorer Adrien de Gerlach. In the same team with him was the famous traveler Frederick Cook, who in 10 years will fight in the struggle for the right to be the discoverer of the North Pole with Robert Peary. The ship was unable to pass through the ice, and an unplanned wintering of the whole team took place without provisions and warm clothes. The ammunition was sewn from warm blankets, and ate penguins and seals. After the captain’s illness, Roal took command and took the ship out of the ice.

After returning, Roal immediately began to prepare for his own campaign. Funding was not enough, so the preparation was constantly in jeopardy. He studies the fundamentals of geophysics, in 1901 he buys a used 47-ton sailing motor yacht “Gjoa”, the same age as Amundsen (built in 1872) re-equips it and goes on an Arctic expedition. The schooner was equipped with a 13 liter diesel engine. from.

In 1903, a long journey began. In it, Roald Amundsen is the head of the expedition, a glaciologist, a specialist in terrestrial magnetism, an ethnographer. He set sail across the Northwest Passage. In two years, much has happened - the search and discovery of the magnetic pole, acquaintance with the Eskimos, the quarrel of all team members among themselves, traveling by dogs in severe frost. All this did not frighten Royal and he decided to stay the winter for the third year.

In 1906, the journey ended in San Francisco, and the Northwest Passage was discovered and crossed. After returning to Europe, Royal gave lectures and made a presentation to the Royal Geographical Society of England. He finally managed to pay off his debts, though with the help of the new Norwegian government.

While Amundsen was preparing to conquer the North Pole, he was already subdued. They decided to conquer the South. Again, in the conditions of the most severe shortage of money, the researcher is preparing the departure of the Fram ship. His rival, Briton Scott, also expects to be the first to put the British flag on the pole.

The rivalry was gradually growing, the methods for reaching the pole were different. Rual took with him a hundred sled dogs and a collapsible house for wintering. Wintering took place in 1911 and lasted 4 months. At this time there was a supply of food, laying its preparation for the sled.

In October 1911, four sledges and fifty dogs, led by 5 people, set off to conquer the pole. Two months later, he was achieved at the cost of incredible efforts. On January 13, 1911, Amundsen sailed to Ross’s ice barrier in Antarctica. At the same time, the British expedition of Robert Scott camped in the McMurdo Strait, at a distance of 650 kilometers from Amundsen.

The pole was carefully marked and a message was left in the tent for Scott. The team returned to the base twice as fast. The team urgently sent telegrams about conquering the pole to the King of Norway, as well as Nansen and Amundsen’s brother.

Roal remained in Argentina to describe his adventures and organize information. After that, gala receptions were held in honor of the traveler in the capitals of Europe. Then there was a celebration in America when news came of Scott's death. This news further increased the interest of the public in Royale, he managed to earn much more than planned.

With this money, he bought a plane, because he believed that future expeditions could not do without aircraft. After the outbreak of World War II, Royal set about preparing his new expedition, since he did not participate in the hostilities due to the neutrality of Norway.

The expedition of the Mod ship in 1918 was not too successful - the team was constantly in conflict, some of the sailors left the ship, money and provisions ran out, Roal himself was poisoned by carbon monoxide and broke his arm. After an attempt was made by air crossing the Arctic in an airship.

After all the trials at the end of the 20s, all those around began to note the inadequacy of Royale. Although he continued to perform in Japan and Russia, he wrote memoirs. He considered his research mission to be completed.

Amundsen spent the last years in his home in the Bunnefjord, near Oslo. His life was called Spartan. He sold all the orders and openly quarreled with many former associates. Fridtjof Nansen wrote to one of his friends in 1927: “I get the impression that Amundsen has completely lost his emotional balance and is not completely responsible for his actions.”

Relations with Umberto Nobile also developed poorly, which Royal called "an arrogant, childish, selfish upstart", "an absurd officer", "a man of the wild, semi-tropical race." But Roald Amundsen died trying to save the expedition of the Italian Umberto Nobile in the Barents Sea.

Nobile became a general under Mussolini. On May 23, 1928, he decided to repeat the flight to the North Pole. Starting from Svalbard, he reached the pole, but on the way back, the airship crashed due to icing, members of the expedition were thrown onto drifting ice, radio communication with them was interrupted.

At the request of the Minister of War of Norway, Amundsen joined the many rescuers who set off in search of Nobile. On June 18, 1928, he took off on a seaplane “Latham-47” (“Latham”) with a French crew from the city of Tromsø in northern Norway and headed for Svalbard. When the plane was above the Barents Sea, the radio operator said that the flight was in dense fog and requested a radio bearing, after which the connection was lost. The next day, it became apparent that the Latham 47 was missing. Long searches did not yield results. In the last message received from Amundsen, there was information that they are located above Bear Island.

The Commission found that the plane crashed, resulting in the tragic death of the team. The exact circumstances of the death of Amundsen are unknown. The crashed plane was never found. Only a few months later, a float and a dented gas tank of a seaplane were discovered.

Umberto Nobile and seven other satellites who survived were discovered five days after the death of Royal Amundsen.

A brief chronology of the great seafarer's travels:

1. From 1894 to 1899 he sailed as a sailor and navigator on different ships.

2. Beginning in 1903, Amundsen made a number of expeditions that became widely known.

3. Passed for the first time (1903-1906) on the small fishing vessel “Yoa” by the Northwest Passage from East to West from Greenland to Alaska.

4. On the ship "Fram" went to the Antarctic; landed in Whale Bay and December 14, 1911 on dogs reached the South Pole, a month ahead of the English expedition of R. Scott.

5. In the summer of 1918, the expedition left Norway on the Mod ship and in 1920 reached the Bering Strait.

6. In 1926 he headed the first transarctic flight on the airship "Norway" along the route: Svalbard - North Pole - Alaska.

7. In 1928, while trying to track down the Italian expedition of Umberto Nobile, who crashed in the Arctic Ocean on the airship "Italy", and to help her, Amundsen, who flew on June 18 on the seaplane "Latam", died in the Barents Sea.

40 interesting facts from the life of the great traveler Royal Amundsen:

1.Rual Amundsen was a man of great destiny. He forever remained in the memory of people as a true conqueror of Antarctica.

2. The main achievements of Roald Amundsen: reached the South Pole the first of the people and visited both poles of the Earth.

3. The South Pole is not the only thing that Roald Amundsen discovered.

4. He was the first to make the passage in 1903-1906 from Greenland to Alaska by the Northwest Passage on the small ship "Joa". This was largely a risky venture, but Amundsen prepared a lot, which explains his subsequent success.

5. Amundsen was never married, but adopted two Chukchi girls.

6. In the years 1918-1920 on the ship "Mod" it runs along the northern shores of Eurasia.

7. To one Italian journalist who asked what fascinates him so much in the polar regions, Amundsen replied: “Ah, if you ever had the chance to see with your own eyes how wonderful it is, I would like to die there.”

8. People called him the Last Viking, and he fully justified this nickname.

10. When Rual decided to enter the race to conquer the North Pole, he had serious rivals - Nansen with the only ship for ice drift at that time, the Americans Cook, Peary, Shackleton.

11.Rual managed to get Nansen's ship, because he was in the midst of a family showdown and preferred the family to a new voyage.

12. Roald modernized the ship and began to raise funds for the preparation of the expedition. He managed to earn lectures in the United States and receive a grant from the Norwegian government.

13. Why did Royal Amundsen in the opening of the South Pole managed to get ahead of Robert Scott? Scott made the main bet on the use of equipment - motor sledges. Amundsen, applying the experience of the Norwegians, took with him a large team of dogs for riding in teams. In addition, the Amundsen team consisted of excellent skiers, and Scott's crew did not pay enough attention to ski training.

14. The expedition of Robert Scott advanced in November 1911 and reached the South Pole on January 18, 1912, but died on the way back. The cause of death was gross miscalculations in the organization of the expedition, in particular, the selection of equipment and food.

15. In February 1913, Amundsen wrote: "I would sacrifice fame, absolutely everything, to bring him back to life ... My triumph is overshadowed by the thought of his tragedy, it haunts me."

16. Despite the rigidity of character, Roal was a fairly fair person, and first of all he demanded of himself discipline, accountability and full dedication to the case. The press often published unflattering reviews about him, making the polar explorer squalid and meticulous. But who can judge the winner, given that it was his team that remained in full force, without deaths?

17. The main discovery of Amundsen was preceded by many trials. After the death of his mother, Amundsen decided to become a long-range navigation navigator. However, in order to successfully pass the exams, it was necessary to work for at least three years as a sailor on a schooner.

18. The future polar explorer goes to the shores of Spitsbergen on an industrial ship. Then he switches to another ship and sets off for the Canadian coast.

19.Before becoming a great traveler, Amundsen serves as a sailor on several ships and visits many countries: Spain, Mexico, England and America.

20. In 1896, Amundsen took exams and received a diploma, which made him a navigator for long-distance navigation.

21. After graduation, Antarctica finally becomes the place where it goes.

22. In Antarctica, the main goal is to stay alive. The expedition, which was intended to study terrestrial magnetism, almost became the last for the entire crew. The strongest blizzards, scorching frost and a long hungry wintering - all this almost ruined the team. They were saved only thanks to the energy of a brave traveler who constantly hunted seals to feed a crew dying of hunger.

23. The transition to the South Pole lasted almost two months. All this time, travelers walked with a strong gale and frost below -20 degrees. On the way, they had to climb 1800 meters in height to overcome the mountains. In the mountains, lack of oxygen added to frost and winds, further complicating an already difficult road. But, nevertheless, having overcome all obstacles, on December 14, Amundsen and four of his comrades successfully reached the South Pole.

24. In order to determine exactly where the South Pole is, Amundsen had to measure the height of the sun for several days - it was necessary to find a point where the height of the sun is the same all the time. At any point other than the pole, the sun is either approaching the horizon slightly, or slightly moving away due to the fact that the Earth rotates around its axis. And the pole is located exactly on the axis of rotation of the Earth, therefore the sun remains at the same height there for a day, moving during the day strictly parallel to the horizon - around the observer.

25. Finally, making sure that the South Pole was found correctly, the expedition members installed the Norwegian flag on it (for reliability they attached the flag to the tent) and set off on the return trip.

26. About a month later they were already at the base where the wintering took place. The journey back and forth took 99 days. During this time, travelers traveled about 3,000 kilometers.

27. Amundsen passed through the North Atlantic, the Baffin Bay, the straits of Lancaster, Barrow, Peel, Franklin, James Ross and in early September stopped for the winter on the southeastern coast of King William Island. In the summer of 1904, the bay was not free of ice, and Joa stayed for the second winter.

28. On August 13, 1905, the ship continues sailing and almost completes the North-West Route, but still freezes into ice. Dog sledding Amundsen gets to Eagle City in Alaska. He later recalled: “Upon my return, everyone determined my age between 59 and 75, although I was only 33.”

29. October 19, 1911 five people, led by Amundsen, went to the South Pole on four dog teams. On December 14, the expedition reached the South Pole, having traveled 1,500 km, the flag of Norway was hoisted.

30. Amundsen was given an enthusiastic welcome on his return to Oslo. According to the Norwegian traveler, it was the happiest moment in his life.

31. Biologist Alexander Stepanovich Kuchin was a member of the Amundsen expedition, but at the beginning of 1912 he returned to Russia from Buenos Aires.

32. In July 1918, on a specially built ship, the Maud, Amundsen embarked on an expedition along the coast of Siberia (Northern Sea Route).

33. On top of that, Roald Amundsen is a recognized pioneer of polar aviation. Subsequently, a fascination with aviation cost him his life.

34. Amundsen buys two large seaplanes with the money of the American millionaire Lincoln Ellsworth and departs from Svalbard to Alaska via the North Pole on May 21, 1925. Due to technical problems, the planes landed on ice 150 kilometers from the Pole. After the repair, the expedition was able to return to Svalbard. She was already considered dead by then.

35. In 1926 he made his first flight on the airship "Norway" through the North Pole.

36. Amundsen was awarded medals in many countries of the world.

37. He made many discoveries, geographical objects were named in his honor. In honor of the famous traveler are named: the sea, the mountain, the American scientific station Amundsen-Scott in Antarctica, as well as the bay and hollow in the Arctic Ocean, and the lunar crater.

38. The Antarctic has repeatedly demonstrated to man “his place”, until the fearless Norwegian — Roald Amundsen — appeared in front of her. He discovered that true courage and heroism can conquer ice and severe frosts.

39.Now near the southernmost point of the planet is the polar station Amundsen-Scott, named after the two pioneers of the South Pole.

40.After 100 years after Amundsen, several hundred polar travelers from different countries gathered in Antarctica to celebrate the anniversary. Most of them reached the polar station on skis, repeating exactly the route of Amundsen (only some of the laggards had to be saved by plane, otherwise they would not have time for the holiday). To mark the anniversary, even the Prime Minister of Norway flew to the South Pole.

Norwegian national hero, polar explorer, Northwest Passage conqueror, South Pole discoverer Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was born July 16, 1872 in the city of Borg in the family of the captain, owner of the shipyard Werven Jens Amundsen.

Since childhood, Roald Amundsen dreamed of becoming a polar explorer, read books about the expedition of the British polar explorer John Franklin, who in 1845 did not return from the expedition to find the Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

In the years 1890-1892, Amundsen, at the insistence of his mother, studied at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Christiania (now Oslo).

In 1893, after the death of his mother, he left his studies and entered the youngest sailor on the ship "Magdalena", making voyages across the Arctic Ocean. In 1895, Amundsen passed the test for navigator, in 1900 he received a license for the ship's captain.

In the years 1897-1899, Amundsen as the first assistant to the captain of the ship "Belgica" made his first expedition to the Antarctic. The expedition was led by a Belgian naval officer, Lieutenant Adrien de Gerlach.

The purpose of the event was to study the coast of Antarctica, but the expedition almost ended in tragedy, when the ship, by the inexperience of the leader, made ice near the island of Peter I. 13 months passed before the ship was freed from ice captivity and went into the open sea. At the initiative of Amundsen, who, during the drift, actually took command over himself in order to survive, the team engaged in catching penguins and seals, making warm clothes from the skin of animals and eating their meat for food.

On June 17, 1903, Amundsen sailed aboard the Joa ship to the Arctic with six crew members. The purpose of the expedition was to find the Northwest Passage from east to west from Greenland to Alaska, as well as determine the current coordinates of the North Magnetic Pole (they change over time).

Amundsen crossed the Atlantic Ocean, circled the western part of Greenland, entered the Baffin Sea, then into the Lancaster Strait. Through the maze of islands on the Canadian coast, the ship slowly moved toward the target through ice floes, strong winds, fog and shallow water. By the end of the summer, the expedition found a natural harbor on King William Island near the North Pole, which made it possible to make accurate scientific observations. Amundsen and his crew spent two years in the harbor called Joa, building observation posts equipped with accurate measuring instruments. The results of the studies gave great work to many scientists for 20 years to come. At this time, Amundsen studied the life of the Eskimos and learned how to manage dog teams.

In August 1905, the scientific work ended, and the ship "Joa" continued its journey between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. After three months of traveling, the expedition found a ship sailing out of San Francisco on the horizon — the Northwest Passage was first passed.

Shortly after the opening of the sea route, the ship froze into ice and remained for the third wintering.

To inform the world about the expedition, Amundsen and his American companion went dog sledding in October 1905 on a 500-mile trip through the 3-km mountains to Eagle City to Alaska, where the nearest telegraphic connection to the outside world was. On December 5, the world learned about the discovery of the Northwest Sea Route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Amundsen's next goal was to first reach the North Pole. When a message appeared that Robert Peary did this, he decided to be the first to reach the South Pole.

On August 9, 1910, Roald Amundsen sailed to Antarctica on the Fram, the famous ship of the Norwegian polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen. During the preparation of the expedition, it became known that the Englishman Robert Falcon Scott is also preparing for his second attempt to open the South Pole. Amundsen decided to get to the pole first, carefully hiding his plan from the Norwegian government, as he feared that due to the economic and political dependence of Norway on Great Britain, his expedition to the South Pole would be banned. The world learned about Amundsen’s expedition to the South Pole when the Fram reached Madeira Island (near the Canary Islands). A telegram about this overtook Scott's expedition when he left New Zealand.

Amundsen carefully prepared: he successfully chose the route, organized a system of warehouses with supplies, and successfully used tobogganing with dogs.

On December 14, 1911, Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole. Scott did not reach the pole until January 18, 1912.

On July 15, 1918, Amundsen sailed to the North Pole from Alaska on the Mod ship on the Northeast Route, but ice conditions hindered his plan. Then he decided to explore the Arctic from the air.

On May 11, 1926, Amundsen, American industrialist researcher Lincoln Ellsworth, Italian designer, captain of the airship Umberto Nobile and navigator Yalmar Riiser-Larson, with a team of 12 people, launched from Svalbard on the semi-rigid airship Norie (Norway).

On May 12, the airship reached the North Pole, and on May 14 - in Alaska, where it descended and was dismantled. The flight length of 5.3 thousand kilometers lasted 71 hours. During the flight to the North Pole, the Norwegian, American and Italian flags were dropped. The route of "Norway" was laid over previously unknown territories - the last white spots on the world map were filled.

On June 18, 1928, Amundsen, together with five crew members of the French seaplane “Latham” flew from the Norwegian city of Tromsø in search of the Italian designer Nobile, who crashed in the Arctic on the airship "Italy". Three hours later, “Latham” crashed in the Barents Sea, Roald Amundsen died with the crew of the aircraft.

Umberto Nobile and his companions were discovered just five days after the death of Amundsen.

Roald Amundsen has never been married.

In honor of Royal Amundsen, the sea, mountain and the American scientific station Amundsen-Scott in Antarctica, as well as the bay and basin in the Arctic Ocean are named.

2011 in Norway, Royal Amundsen and Fridtjof Nansen.

On December 14, 2011, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the conquest of Antarctica by Royal Amundsen, at the South Pole by Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg to a Norwegian traveler.

Material prepared on the basis of RIA Novosti information and open sources

Every traveler researcher deeply believes that there is nothing irresistible and impossible in the world. He refuses to accept defeat, even if it is already becoming apparent, and continues to pursue his goal. Antarctica has repeatedly demonstrated to man “his place”, until a fearless Norwegian - Roald Amundsen appeared in front of her. He discovered that true courage and heroism can conquer ice and severe frosts.

Indomitable attraction

The years of the life of Royal Amundsen were eventful. He was born in 1872 in the family of a hereditary navigator and merchant. At the age of fifteen, he fell into the hands of a book by D. Franklin on an expedition to the Atlantic Ocean, which defines his whole subsequent life. His parents had their plans for the youngest child, deciding not to introduce him to the family craft. His mother carefully read his place in the intellectual elite of society, after giving to the medical faculty after the gymnasium. But the future polar explorer was preparing for something else: he was diligently involved in sports, did everything he could to temper his body, accustoming himself to cold temperatures. He knew that medicine was not his life's work. Therefore, two years later, Roal is relieved to leave school, returning to his dream of adventure.

Becoming a leader

In the years 1894-1896, the life of Royal Amundsen is changing dramatically. After completing the navigator’s courses, he enters the Belgik ship, becoming a member of the Antarctic expedition team. This difficult journey was deprived of the attention of historians, but it was then that people first wintered over the icy continent.

The huge ice floes of Antarctica clamped the ship of travelers. With no other choice, they were doomed to long months of darkness and loneliness. The trials that fell to the lot of the team could not be endured; many went crazy with difficulties and constant fear. The most persistent surrendered. The captain of the ship, unable to cope with the situation, resigned and retired. It was on these days that Amundsen became a leader.

Despite the rigidity of character, Roal was a fairly fair person, and first of all he demanded that he discipline, accountability and full dedication to the case. The press often published unflattering reviews about him, making the polar explorer squalid and meticulous. But who can judge the winner, given that it was his team that remained in full force, without deaths?

On the way to a dream

An interesting fact is in the biography of Royal Amundsen. It turns out that at first he intended to conquer the North Pole, but in the process of preparing for the expedition, the news came that Frederick Cook was already ahead of him. A week later, similar news came from the expedition of Robert Peary. Amundsen understands that competition is being created between those who want to conquer the unknown. He quickly changes his plans, stopping his choice at the South Pole, and goes ahead of his rivals without saying anything to anyone.

The schooner reached the shores of Antarctica in January 1911. Norwegians erected a house in Kitova Bay from the materials brought. They began to carefully prepare for the future campaign to the pole: constant training of people and dogs, rechecking equipment, and bases with provisions were prepared up to 82 ° south latitude.

The first attempt to conquer the South Pole was defeated. A team of eight people left in early September, but was forced to return due to a rapidly dropping temperature. There were such terrible frosts that even vodka cooled, and the skis did not go in the snow. But Amundsen's failure did not stop.

South Pole

On October 20, 1911, a new attempt was made to reach the pole. A group of five Norwegians crawled to the border of the ice shelf on November 17 and began climbing the Polar Plateau. Ahead were the hardest three weeks. 550 kilometers remained.

It should be noted that in severe conditions of cold and danger, people were constantly in a stressful state, and this could not but affect the relations in the group. Conflicts occurred for any reason.

The expedition was able to overcome a steep glacier at an altitude of 3030 meters above sea level. This section of the road was characterized by deep cracks. Both dogs and people were exhausted, suffering from mountain sickness. And on December 6, they conquered a height of 3260 meters. The expedition reached the South Pole on December 14 at 15 p.m. The polar explorers made several repeated calculations to dispel the slightest doubt. The estimated place was marked with flags, and then a tent was set up.

The pole was conquered by unbending people, their tenacity and desire on the verge of madness. And we must pay tribute to the leadership qualities of the Roald Amundsen himself. He discovered that victory at the pole, in addition to human determination and courage, is also the result of clear planning and calculation.

Traveler Achievements

Roald Amundsen is the greatest Norwegian polar explorer who forever left his name in history. He made many discoveries, geographical objects were named in his honor. People called him the Last Viking, and he fully justified this nickname.

Not everyone knows, but the South Pole is not the only thing that Roald Amundsen discovered. He was the first to make a passage in 1903-1906 from Greenland to Alaska by the Northwest Passage on the small ship "Joa". This was largely a risky venture, but Amundsen prepared a lot, which explains his subsequent success. And in the years 1918-1920 on the ship "Mod" it runs along the northern shores of Eurasia.

In addition, Roald Amundsen is a recognized pioneer of polar aviation. In 1926, he made his first flight on the airship "Norway" through the North Pole. Subsequently, a fascination with aviation cost him his life.

Last trip

The life of the legendary polar explorer ended tragically. The indefatigable nature could not help but react when on May 25, 1928 a distress signal came from the expedition of the Italian Umberto Nobile in the Barents Sea.

It did not turn out to help immediately. Despite all the achievements, Roald Amundsen (which he discovered, we examined above) still needed money. Therefore, only on June 18 from Tromsø on the seaplane “Latam-47”, thanks to common efforts, the fearless Norwegian flew to the rescue with the team.

In the last message received from Amundsen, there was information that they are located above Bear Island. After the connection was lost. The next day, it became apparent that the Latham 47 was missing. Long searches did not yield results. A few months later, a float and a dented gas tank of a seaplane were discovered. The Commission found that the plane crashed, resulting in the tragic death of the team.

Roald Amundsen was a man of great destiny. He forever remained in the memory of people as a true conqueror of Antarctica.

Roald Amundsen (1872-1928) - Norwegian polar traveler and explorer. Born in the province of Estfall (in the Borg) in a family of hereditary sailors. After the gymnasium, he entered the medical faculty of the University of Christiania, but two years later left the university and hired a sailor for a sailing schooner, who set off for the seal fishing in the Greenland Sea. After swimming for two years, he passed the test for a long-range navigation navigator. In 1897-1899, as a navigator, he participated in the Belgian Antarctic expedition on the ship "Belgica". Upon returning, he again took the exam and received the diploma of the captain of the sea.

Both prudence and caution are equally important: prudence - to notice difficulties in time, and caution - to most carefully prepare for the meeting.

Amundsen Roal

In 1900, Amundsen acquired the large sailing schooner Joa. With a crew of seven people, for the first time in the history of navigation, she navigated on it in 1903-1906 from Greenland to Alaska along the seas and straits of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, opening the Northwest Passage from east to west, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. During the expedition, he made valuable geomagnetic observations in the Canadian Arctic archipelago, mapped more than 100 islands.

In 1910-1912 he led an expedition to Antarctica with the goal of discovering the South Pole on the ship "Fram", owned by F. Nansen, who was then the Norwegian ambassador to Great Britain. The only non-Norwegian in the Fram crew was the Russian sailor and oceanographer Alexander Stepanovich Kuchin. In January, Amundsen and his companions landed in the Whale Bay on the Ross Glacier, founded a base and began to prepare for a trip to the South Pole. In October of the same year, the group, which apart from Amundsen included O. Wisting, S. Hassel, H. Hansen and U. Bjelann, started on four dog teams and on December 17, 1911 reached the South Pole a month ahead of the expedition of the Englishman R. Scott. Amundsen discovered the Queen Maud Mountains in Antarctica.

Victory awaits the one who has everything in order, and this is called luck.

Amundsen Roal

In 1918-1921 he built the Mod ship on his own money and sailed on it from west to east along the northern shores of Eurasia, repeating the Nansen drift on the Fram. Two wintering passed from Norway to the Bering Strait, which entered in 1920.

In 1923-1925 he tried several times to reach the North Pole. In May 1926 he headed the first transatlantic flight across the North Pole on the airship "Norway". Two years later, Amundsen flew from Tromsø on the French twin-engine seaplane “Latam-47” in search of the expedition of General W. Nobile. This flight was the last in the life of a Norwegian researcher: during a flight from Norway to Svalbard, he crashed and died in the Barents Sea. The only thing that was discovered was a float with the inscription "Latham-47", caught by fishermen near the island of Bear.

Prudence and caution are equally important: prudence - in order to notice difficulties in time, and caution - in order to most carefully prepare for their meeting.

Amundsen Roal

Amundsen is the name for a mountain in the eastern part of Antarctica, a bay in the Arctic Ocean, a sea off the coast of the Southern continent and the American polar station Amundsen-Scott. His works “Flight through the Arctic Ocean”, “On the Ship Mod”, “Expedition along the North Coast of Asia”, “South Pole” and a five-volume collected works were translated into Russian.

“He will forever occupy a special place in the history of geographical research ... Some explosive force lived in it. In the foggy horizon of the Norwegian people he ascended a shining star. How many times it lit up with bright flashes! And suddenly it went out, and we can’t take our eyes off from an empty place in the sky. " F. Nansen.

In the years 1890-1892, Amundsen, at the insistence of his mother, studied at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Christiania (now Oslo).

Shortly after the opening of the sea route, the ship froze into ice and remained for the third wintering.

Amundsen's next goal was to first reach the North Pole. When a message appeared that Robert Peary did this, he decided to be the first to reach the South Pole.

Amundsen carefully prepared: he successfully chose the route, organized a system of warehouses with supplies, and successfully used tobogganing with dogs.

On December 14, 1911, Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole. Scott did not reach the pole until January 18, 1912.

On July 15, 1918, Amundsen sailed to the North Pole from Alaska on the Mod ship on the Northeast Route, but ice conditions hindered his plan. Then he decided to explore the Arctic from the air.

Umberto Nobile and his companions were discovered just five days after the death of Amundsen.

Roald Amundsen has never been married.

In honor of Royal Amundsen, the sea, mountain and the American scientific station Amundsen-Scott in Antarctica, as well as the bay and basin in the Arctic Ocean are named.

2011 in Norway, Royal Amundsen and Fridtjof Nansen.

On December 14, 2011, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the conquest of Antarctica by Royal Amundsen, at the South Pole by Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg to a Norwegian traveler.

Material prepared on the basis of RIA Novosti information and open sources