What is dialogue and monologue? Types, examples. What is a monologue in literature: examples What is a monologue in Russian

MONOLOGUE

(Greek, from monos - one, and lego - I say). A stage in the theater, where the face speaks by itself, expresses to itself aloud its feelings in thought, as opposed to dialogue.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language.- Chudinov A.N., 1910 .

MONOLOGUE

more or less long speech of the person expressing his thoughts or feelings; speech alone with oneself, as opposed to dialogue, that is, a conversation with another person.

A complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. - Popov M., 1907 .

MONOLOGUE

Greek monologos, from monos, one, and lego, I say. The speech of a person uttered by him alone.

An explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. - Mikhelson A.D., 1865 .

MONOLOGUE

a scene or speech made by one person who addresses himself or the audience.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language - Pavlenkov F., 1907 .

Monologue

(gr. monologos monos one + logos speech)

1) the speech of the actor, ch. arr. in a dramatic work, excluded from the conversational communication of the characters and does not imply an immediate response, unlike dialogue;

2) speech alone with oneself.

New Dictionary of Foreign Words - by EdwART,, 2009 .

Monologue

monologue, m. [Greek. monologos] (lit., theater.). Speech of a more or less significant size, uttered by the protagonist of the drama and addressed to himself or to the audience.

A large dictionary of foreign words. - Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 .

Monologue

Explanatory dictionary of foreign words L.P. Krysin.- M: Russian language, 1998 .

Synonyms:

See what "MONOLOGUE" is in other dictionaries:

- (from the Greek monos, the only, single and logos word) "uniformity" (soliloque, Selbstgesprach), in drama, speech, of one character in conditions of stage isolation, pronounced independently of the remarks of other characters and ... ... Literary encyclopedia

Rechuga Dictionary of Russian synonyms. monologue n., number of synonyms: 8 monologue confession (1) ... Synonym dictionary

monologue- a, m. monologue m. The lengthy speech of the actor addressed to another, to a group of actors, to himself or directly to the viewer. ALS 1. They will never play a comedy. Firstly, it is very large, because there are a lot ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

Monologue- MONOLOGUE. A monologue is a speech a series of sentences of one of the characters in the drama, either in the form of a long remark of a dramatic dialogue, not interrupted by counter remarks from other characters (an explicit part of the dialogue), or in the form of a separate ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

- (from mono ... and Greek logos speech), a detailed statement of one person; the predominant form in lyrics, important in epic and especially dramatic genres. In the narrative prose of the 19-20 centuries. the internal monologue of the heroes is widespread ... Modern encyclopedia

- (from mono ... and Greek logos speech) a detailed statement of one person; the predominant form in lyrics, important in epic, especially dramatic, genres. In the narrative prose of the 19-20 centuries. the internal monologue of the heroes is widespread ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- "MONOLOG", USSR, LENFILM, 1972, color, 100 min. Drama. Professor Nikodim Sretensky (Mikhail Gluzsky) has a favorite job, a young daughter and an old hobby, playing with toy soldiers. The professor becomes an academician, the work drags on, the daughter (Margarita Terekhova) ... ... Encyclopedia of Cinema

Individual speech: excluded from conversational communication with other individuals; and does not imply an immediate response. In English: Monologue See also: Speaking Financial Dictionary Finam ... Financial vocabulary

- "MONOLOGUE", verse. a meditative nature belonging to the early philosophers. Lyric poetry L. (1829). In terms of genre, it is a fragment with some formal features of the dramatic. a monologue associated with the previous words of a certain ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

monologue- (wrong monologue) ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian

Books

Monologue, Igor Talkov. The book of the famous singer, poet and composer Igor Talkov (1956-1991), whose tragic death recently shook the whole country, is not only his songs and poems, among which are piercing ...

What is monologue and dialogue? These are the forms of expression that are found in cinema, literature, and in everyday speech. We participate in dialogues every day. Monologues are less common in colloquial speech. What is dialogue? How is it different from a monologue? What are the features of these forms of expression? What are the types of monologue and dialogue? The answers to these questions can be found in today's article.

Monologue

What is dialogue? This is a conversation between several people. Only one person takes part in the monologue. This is his main difference from the conversation. A common feature of monologue and dialogue is that these forms of expression can be expressed both orally and in writing.

In works of fiction, heroes share statements. One of the characters suddenly makes a long speech, while asking many rhetorical questions. In other words, he thinks without intending to get a response from the audience. This is a monologue. Translated from the ancient Greek language, the term means "speech".

Students are well aware of what a monologue is. They hear him in lectures almost every day. The school teacher is also in the habit of reasoning, but his speech, as a rule, includes elements of conversation. Examples of monologue and dialogue can be heard on television. What form of expression is the President's New Year's speech? Of course, a monologue. But if the same president or any other public figure answers journalists' questions, this is already a dialogue.

In ancient literature

A monologue is a piece of a lyrical or epic nature. He interrupts, distracts the reader, switches him to reflection. The monologue dates back to Antiquity. It is not surprising, because the ancient Greeks were the first dramatic authors.

Often, a monologue in an ancient drama was a discourse on a topic that had nothing to do with the main action. In the comedies of Aristophanes, for example, the choir from time to time turns to the audience - it tells about events that cannot be told otherwise on stage. Aristotle called the monologue an important component of the drama. However, among its other elements, he assigned the last place to this form of utterance.

Views

In the 16th-17th centuries, the monologue in plays already played a more important role. He helped to reveal the character of the hero, sometimes he brought some poignancy to the plot. In works, monologues are of the following types:

Apart. The character says a few words to the side, thereby revealing his inner state.
Stanzas. The hero makes a long poetic speech.
Mindflow. This type of monologue represents the thoughts of a character that do not require obvious logic, do not have a clear literary structure.
Copyright word. The author's address to the reader through one of the heroes.
Alone Dialogue. The character's reasoning with another character who does not hear him.

Dialogue

Above, we figured out what a monologue is. Dialogue is a form of utterance that is invariably present in dramatic, prose works, in addition, it is constantly used by people in everyday speech. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato was quite respectful to this type of speech. He systematically used dialogue as an independent literary form.

Monologue and dialogue has been used by poets and writers for over two thousand years. Nevertheless, the second form of speech was very popular among the ancient authors. After Plato, dialogue became the main literary genre in ancient Greek literature.

Dialogue types:

Diverse.
Dialogue of questions.
Structured.

The meanings of the words "dialogue" and "monologue" have hardly changed since ancient times. "Logos" is translated from Greek as "word". Mono is one, dia is two. However, the term "dialogue" today means a conversation between two or more people. Although there is another, more appropriate concept - "polylogue".

It is worth saying a few words about the most famous work of Plato. "Dialogues" were created in the 3rd century BC. In this work, the ancient Greek author outlined the philosophical reasoning of famous sages. The title of each part of the book contains the name of the most significant character. The "Dialogues" of Plato include "Apology of Socrates", "Phaedo, or About the Soul", "The Sophist, or About Being", "Feast, or About Good", etc.

Consider the most famous monologues and dialogues in Russian. Among the examples below are descriptions of scenes from foreign literature.

"Hamlet"

Monologue, dialogue - types of speech that are components of any work of art. Those created by talented authors are scattered into quotes. The monologues uttered by Shakespearean characters are extremely famous. And above all, Hamlet. By the way, unlike dialogue, monologue is a form of speech that allows you to maximize the experience of the hero.

Hamlet's reflections on the meaning of life, his doubts about the correctness of the chosen actions - all this was reflected first of all in monologues, especially in speech, which begins with the words "To be or not to be?" In response to the eternal question, the essence of the tragedy of Shakespeare's character was revealed - the tragedy of a person who came into this world too early and saw all its imperfection.

To rise up "on the sea of troubles" and slay them or to bow to the "slings and arrows of fierce fate"? Hamlet must choose one of two options. And in this moment the hero, as before, doubts: is it worth fighting for a life that "bears only evil"? Or refuse from the battle?

Hamlet realizes that fate intended him to restore justice in the Danish kingdom, but he still hesitates to enter the battle. He realizes that there is only one way to conquer evil - to use the same evil. But this path can distort the most noble goal.

The hero of Shakespeare does not want to live by the principle that is followed by the majority of philistines - "to achieve the goal, all means are good." Therefore, he decides to "fall asleep and die - and that's all ..." Death is one of the possible consequences of the internal struggle, which is expressed in this expressive monogram.

Every actor dreams of playing Hamlet. The monologue of this hero is invariably read by talented and incompetent applicants at the entrance exams to theater universities. In the list of the best performers of the role of the famous Shakespearean character, one of the first places is occupied by the Soviet actor Innokenty Smoktunovsky. In order to understand what a monologue is, to evaluate its role in revealing an artistic image, it is worth watching the 1964 film.

Marmeladov's speech

Dostoevsky is a master of creating vivid monologues and dialogues. Unique, extremely deep in content speeches are uttered in his books by heroes, both major and minor. One of the examples is the monologue of the official Marmeladov - an unhappy, insignificant, degraded person. In the words that the character utters, referring to Raskolnikov, boundless pain, self-flagellation, a strange desire to belittle you. Key words in Marmeladov's monologue: "Poverty is not a vice, poverty is a vice."

It is worth saying that an excerpt from "Crime and Punishment", which shows the meeting of the protagonist with Sonya's father, can be called a dialogue. Raskolnikov talks with Marmeladov, learns about the details of his life. However, it is the drunken official who makes a speech here, which reveals not only his personal tragedy, but also the tragedy of an entire social stratum of St. Petersburg in the 19th century.

Conversation between the killer and the investigator

An interesting dialogue is present in one of the scenes with the participation of Rodion Romanovich and the bailiff of the investigation. Raskolnikov talks with Porfiry Petrovich three times. The last meeting takes place in the student's apartment. In this scene, the investigator exhibits subtle psychological abilities. He knows who committed the murder. But he has no evidence.

Porfiry Petrovich psychologically puts pressure on Raskolnikov, forcing him to confess. This dialogue plays an important role in the plot. However, the key phrase in Dostoevsky's novel is the words of Raskolnikov, which he utters in a conversation with Sonya Marmeladova. Namely, "Am I a trembling creature or have I the right?"

"Moron"

Anastasia Filippovna is one of the most famous heroines in Russian literature. The monologue, which she utters at the last meeting with Menshikov, is invariably popular with applicants to theater universities. Nastasya Filippovna's speech is permeated with pain and despair. The main character proposes to her. She refuses him. The words spoken by Nastasya Filippovna are addressed to the prince. At the same time, this speech can be called a solitary monologue. Nastasya Filippovna decided to leave with Rogozhin, realizes that she is doomed, and says her farewell speech.

"Garnet bracelet"

Kuprin's story contains many interesting dialogues. For example, a conversation between General Anosov and the main character. In one of the scenes, after the celebration of Vera's name day, a conversation took place between them, which in some way influenced her attitude towards Zheltkov. The most striking monologue in The Pomegranate Bracelet is, of course, the telegraph operator's suicide letter.

"The Master and Margarita"

Bulgakov's book contains a huge number of unique dialogues and monologues. The statements of the heroes have long turned into aphorisms. The first chapter is called "Never Talk to Strangers." Berlioz and Homeless, not knowing anything about the author's warnings, enter into a conversation with a foreigner. The characters of the heroes are revealed here. A homeless person demonstrates ignorance. Berlioz is a broad outlook, high intelligence, but at the same time cunning, caution.

Monologue of the Master

The most vivid, interesting dialogues in Bulgakov's novel are dialogues with the participation of Woland's assistants. The deepest monologue belongs to the main character - the Master. In the clinic, he meets the former poet Homeless, tells him about his former life. The dialogue smoothly turns into a monologue of loneliness. Or maybe this is the author's word, that is, Bulgakov's own appeal to the reader through his hero? The author of The Master and Margarita is one of the most controversial writers of the 20th century. Literary critics have been analyzing monologues, dialogues and descriptions created by him for decades.

"Dog's heart"

There are some pretty interesting inner monologues in this piece. They belong to the main character. But, remarkably, he reads them before and after the operation. That is, he thinks mentally, reflects on life, only being a dog. After Sharik's transformation into Polygraph Poligrafovich, witty dialogues open up before the reader, causing both a smile and sad thoughts. We are talking about Sharikov's conversations with Professor Preobrazhensky and Bormenthal.

"Flying over Cuckoo's Nest"

In Ken Kesey's book, the narrative is based on a monologue. There are some memorable dialogues with McMurphy though. Yet the main character is the leader Bromden, who pretends to be deaf and dumb. However, he perfectly hears and understands everything that is happening around. He acts as an outside observer, a storyteller.

Basic information

A monologue as a passage of an epic or lyrical character, interrupting the action for a while and switching the viewer to reflection, appears already in the ancient drama. Sometimes it was an abstract reasoning on topics not related to the action of the play, with which the chorus addressed the viewer (comedy of Aristophanes) or in the form of heralds' stories about events that could not be imagined on stage. Aristotle in his "Poetics" called the monologue one of the important components of the drama, but gave it the last place among its elements.
The monologue received a new meaning when the "drama of positions" was replaced by a drama of a new type - "the drama of characters." Its new stage of development took place at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries. in Elizabethan theater and the drama of the French classicists. In English theater, the closeness of the characters in the play to the audience created a special atmosphere of action - the spectator became the direct addressee of the speech being spoken. To achieve a greater emotional impact, monologues introduced C. Marlowe and T. Kid into their romantic tragedies. The main content of the drama was the spiritual movement of the characters, which the monologue was called upon to reveal. So the doubts of the protagonist, facing a difficult choice, were reflected by Shakespeare in one of the most famous monologues of the world drama "To be or not to be ..."
A monologue can differ in its dramatic function and in its literary form.

by dramatic function:
- technical monologue, the story of the hero about the events that have already happened or are taking place at the present time;
- lyric monologue, the narration of the hero, revealing his strong emotional experiences;
- meditation monologue, or decision-making monologue, a monologue in the face of a tough choice, requiring the adoption of any responsible decision, in which the hero sets out to himself the arguments "for" and "against".

in literary form:
- apart, a few words aside, characterizing the state of the character;
- stanzas, poetic reflections of the hero (typical for the drama of Classicism);
- dialectic of reasoning, a monologue presented as a logical sequence of semantic and rhythmic oppositions;
- mindflow (internal monologue, not to be confused with the term of the same name of the Stanislavsky System), a narrative representing the free flow of the hero's thought, which does not require obvious logic and does not care about literary building speech;
- author's word, direct appeal of the author to the public, as a rule, through any of the characters;
- dialogue alone, the dialogue of the hero with the deity, or an appeal to another character in the play, who either does not hear him or does not answer.

Notes (edit)

Dialogue: definition

Dialogue is a form of speech that is a conversation between two or more persons, which consists of an exchange of remarks between them. The main unit of dialogue is called dialogical unity - it is a thematic (semantic) union of several separate replicas into one, which is an exchange of statements, opinions, each of which is related to the previous one and depends on it.

The existence of dialogical unity is explained by the connection of heterogeneous replicas (adding, spreading, narrating, agreement-disagreement, question-answer, speech etiquette formulas).

Sometimes it can also exist thanks to statements that are a reaction not to the previous remark of the interlocutor, but in general to a speech situation in which the participant in the conversation asks a counter question:

What is dialogue and monologue in your opinion?

What do you think?

The nature of the statements can depend on a variety of factors: first of all, on the personalities of the participants in the dialogue with their speech tactics and strategy, on their speech culture, the factor of the presence of a "potential listener" (who does not take part in the conversation, although he is present with him), the degree of formality of that the environment in which communication takes place.

Interaction types

The characteristics of the replicas are also influenced by the code of relations between the participants in the conversation, i.e. their type of interaction. There are three such basic types: cooperation, dependence and equality. The control over their speech and compliance with language requirements and norms depends on the degree of formality of the environment.

Dialogue structure

Dialogue in the Russian language always has a certain structure, which in most types remains the same: first comes the beginning, then the main part, and finally the ending. The origin can be one of the many formulas of speech etiquette (Hello, Vasily Vladimirovich!) Or the first interrogative remark (What time is it?), As well as a remark-judgment (Wonderful weather today!).

It should be noted that the length of the dialogue can theoretically be infinite, because its lower border can remain open. Almost every dialogue in the Russian language can be continued by increasing the dialogical unity of which it consists. However, in practice, dialogical speech has an ending (a phrase of speech etiquette (Goodbye!), A reply-consent (Undoubtedly!), Or a reply-reply).

Features of the dialogue

Dialogue is a natural form of communication that is primary. Therefore, in colloquial speech, this form is most widespread. But dialogue (the definition of which was given above) is also present in journalistic, scientific and official business speech.

Conditions for the initiation of a dialogue

For a dialogue to arise, on the one hand, an initial common base of information is needed, which the participants will share, and on the other hand, it is necessary that there is a minimum difference in the knowledge of the participants in this speech interaction. Otherwise, they will not be able to convey to each other information about the corresponding subject of speech, which means that the dialogue will be unproductive. That is, uninformativeness negatively affects the productivity of this form of speech. A similar factor can appear not only with low speech competence of the participants in the conversation, but also in the absence of their desire to start a dialogue or develop it.

A dialogue in which there is only one of the forms of speech etiquette, called etiquette forms, has a formal meaning, in other words, it is uninformative. At the same time, the participants have no need or desire to receive information, but the dialogue itself is formally generally accepted in some situations (for example, when meeting in public places):

Hello!

How are you?

OK, thanks. And you have?

Everything is fine, I work slowly.

Well, bye, happy!

An indispensable condition for the emergence of a dialogue aimed at obtaining new information is the need for communication. This factor arises as a result of a potential gap in the possession of information and knowledge between its participants.

Dialogue types

According to the tasks and goals, the roles of the interlocutors and the communication situation, the following types of dialogues are distinguished: business conversation, everyday dialogue and interview.

Distinctive features of everyday dialogue are a possible deviation from the topic, unplannedness, lack of goals and the need for any decision, a variety of discussion topics, personal expression, widespread use of non-verbal (non-verbal) means and communication techniques, conversational style.

A business conversation is communication mainly between two participants in the conversation, which is therefore largely interpersonal in nature. At the same time, various techniques and methods of verbal and non-verbal influence of the participants on each other are used. A business conversation, although it always has a certain subject, is more personally oriented (as opposed to, for example, business negotiations) and takes place mainly between representatives of the same company.

An interview is a conversation between a member of the press and someone whose personality is of public interest. Its distinctive feature is biaddressing, that is, the interviewer (the one who conducts the interview), when directly addressing the addressee, builds a special drama of the conversation, relying primarily on the peculiarities of its perception by future readers.

Punctuation marks in dialogue

Spelling of dialogues in Russian is not a difficult topic at all. If the speakers' lines start with a new paragraph, a dash is written in front of each of them, for example:

What is dialogue and monologue?

These are two forms of speech.

How do they differ from each other?

The number of participants.

If the replicas go by selection without indicating belonging to a particular person, each of them is drawn up in quotation marks and separated from the next with a dash. For example: "What is dialogue and monologue?" - "Forms of speech". - "Thanks for the tip!"

If the statement is followed by the words of the author, before the next of them a dash is omitted: "How are you?" Maria Petrovna asked. “Nothing, little by little,” Igor Olegovich replied.

Knowing these simple rules and applying them in practice, you can always competently draw up a dialogue.

Monologue: definition

The monologue has a relative length in time (it consists of parts of different volume, which are related in meaning and structure of statements), and is also distinguished by the diversity and richness of the vocabulary. The themes of a monologue are very different, which can spontaneously change during its development.

Types of monologue

It is customary to distinguish two main types of monologue.

1. Monologue speech, which is a process of purposeful, conscious communication and appeal to the listener, is mainly used in the oral form of book speech: scientific oral (for example, a report or educational lecture), oral public and judicial speech. The greatest development was received by the monologue in artistic speech.

2. A monologue as a speech alone with oneself, that is, directed not to a direct listener, but to oneself. This kind of speech is called "internal monologue". It is not designed to elicit a response from this or that person.

A monologue, examples of which are numerous, can be either spontaneous, unprepared (most often it is used in colloquial speech), or pre-planned, prepared.

Types of monologue by goals

According to the goal pursued by the statement, there are three main types: informational speech, persuasive and motivating.

The main goal of information is the transfer of knowledge. The speaker in this case takes into account, first of all, the intellectual and cognitive abilities of the listeners' perception of the text.

A kind of informational monologue are various speeches, reports, lectures, reports, messages.

A persuasive monologue is aimed primarily at the emotions and feelings of the listener. The speaker first of all takes into account the receptivity of the latter. This type of speech includes: solemn, congratulatory, parting.

An encouraging monologue (examples of which are political speeches that are very popular in our time) is primarily aimed at encouraging listeners to different actions. It includes: speech-protest, political speech, speech-call to action.

Compositional form of a monologue

A human monologue in its structure represents a compositional form, depending either on the functional-semantic or on the genre-stylistic affiliation. The varieties of genre-stylistic monologue are distinguished as follows: oratorical speech, official-business and artistic monologue in the Russian language, as well as other types. The functional-semantic includes narration, description, reasoning.

Monologues vary in degree of formality and preparation. So, for example, an orator's speech is always a pre-planned and prepared monologue, which is certainly delivered in an official setting. But to some extent it is an artificial form of speech, always striving to become a dialogue. Therefore, any monologue has various means of dialogization. These include, for example, rhetorical questions, addresses, question-and-answer form of speech, etc. In other words, this is all that speaks about the desire of the speaker to increase the speech activity of his addressee-interlocutor, to cause his reaction.

A monologue distinguishes between the introduction (in which the subject of the speech is determined by the speaker), the main part and the conclusion (in which the speaker sums up the results of his speech).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be noted that monologue and dialogue are the two main forms of speech, differing from each other in the number of subjects participating in communication. Dialogue is a primary and natural form, as a way of exchanging opinions and thoughts between its participants, and a monologue is a detailed statement in which only one person is the narrator. Both monologic and dialogical speech exist both in oral and written form, although the latter is always based on monologic speech, and dialogical speech is at the basis of the oral form.

What is dialogue and monologue? Types, examples. What is a monologue in literature: examples What is a monologue in Russian

See what "MONOLOGUE" is in other dictionaries:

Books

Monologue

In ancient literature

Views

Dialogue

"Hamlet"

Marmeladov's speech

Conversation between the killer and the investigator

"Moron"

"Garnet bracelet"

"The Master and Margarita"

Monologue of the Master

"Dog's heart"

"Flying over Cuckoo's Nest"

Basic information

Notes (edit)

Links

see also

See what "Monologue" is in other dictionaries:

Watch value MONOLOGUE in other dictionaries

Dialogue: definition

Interaction types

Dialogue structure

Features of the dialogue

Conditions for the initiation of a dialogue

Dialogue types

Punctuation marks in dialogue

Monologue: definition

Types of monologue

Types of monologue by goals

Conclusion