Research project observing aquarium fish. Research work "observation of aquarium fish"

MKOU "Chastoozersk secondary school"

Research

on this topic:

Aquarium in your home

Scientific supervisor: Dotsenko E.T., primary school teacher

Chastoozerye

2011-2012 academic year year

1. Introduction. ..…………………………………………. 3

2. Main part

Choosing an aquarium. ……………………… 4

What and why grows in an aquarium? ……….. 4-5

Fish ……………………………. 5-6

Feeding and feeding 7

Rules for maintaining and caring for an aquarium…………………

3. Conclusion …………………………… 10-12

4. Literature

Introduction .

Relevance

While studying the works of V. Bianchi in literary reading lessons, the teacher began the lesson with his statement that “The whole huge world around me, above me and below me is full of unknown secrets. And I will discover them all my life, because this is the most interesting, most exciting activity in the world!" I thought. But it’s true, what a person does all his life is discovering secrets, exploring the unknown. Today, many people keep various animals at home. Some have a dog, some have a cat, some keep hamsters, and some keep aquarium fish. Pets like aquarium fish (and they are also considered pets) are probably the most convenient of all the living creatures that you can keep at home. After all, these are friends who will never betray, reliable comforters in trouble. And how much joy and pleasure they bring!Having once admired the beauty of the underwater world behind the “glass shore”, we decided to purchase an aquarium. And they didn’t know how to care for him yet. To enjoy the small underwater kingdom, certain knowledge was necessary. Proper management of a home pond requires knowledge, experience and skill.

The topic of my research work is “Aquarium in your home” This is veryan interesting topic, relevant because it develops a love of nature, hard work, attentiveness, responsibility,

Aquarium - this includes ecology, hydrochemistry, biology, genetics, and electrical engineering... But if you love it, the knowledge will be absorbed as if by itself.

So,the object of my research became an aquarium.

Subject of research – the interaction of living and nonliving components in it.

The problem I decided to work on - this is knowledge of the underwater world through studying the life of a home aquarium.

Goal of the work – learn about the structure of the aquarium, the rules for keeping fish, and study the behavior of the inhabitants of the aquarium.

Tasks – collect as much information as possible for practical use at home when arranging a mini-reservoir, namely:

1.Study the rules for starting an aquarium, what grows in an aquarium and why.

2.What and how to feed the fish

3. Find out if the fish are trainable.

4.Determine whether the fish hear.

5. Conduct experiments to study the behavior of fish at different temperatures.

6. Find out how fish sleep.

7.Study the behavior of fish depending on lighting.

Research methods: experiments, observations, scientific literature, Internet

Practical significance

An aquarium is not only about aesthetics and knowledge of the underwater world. The water shimmers softly and mysteriously, and exotic plants sway lightly. Graceful, multi-colored fish like a mosaic emerge from their shadows and, slowly moving their fins, “hang” against the backdrop of picturesque driftwood... A real corner of tropical nature! Although this is just an indoor pond, how much joy and peace it brings to the house, and most importantly to the family! It has already been established that even a short (about an hour) observation of fish normalizes a person’s blood pressure and calms the nervous system. There are cases where, in families where aquarium fish are introduced, children grow up calm. For families with children diagnosed with cerebral palsy, scientists recommend keeping an aquarium at home. In other words, fish can protect their owner from some of the stresses of modern life. And the practical significance of the work lies in the use of the obtained data in lessons of the surrounding world at the elementary level, in extracurricular activities.

Main part.

Choosing an aquarium.

“Aquarium” translated from Greek means “water container”.

An aquarium is not only about aesthetics and knowledge of the underwater world. It has already been established that even a short (about an hour) observation of fish normalizes a person’s blood pressure and calms the nervous system. In other words, fish can protect their owner from some of the stresses of modern life.Just judge - there is no unpleasant smell, the aquarium takes up little space and at the same time fits very well into the interior of the room, it looks more comfortable, richer. A properly organized aquarium looks great and does not require constant attention. But in order for the aquarium to please the eye, you need to put in a lot of effort.When choosing an aquarium, it is recommended to take into account its volume and shape. A large aquarium is better than a small one, because it constantly maintains biological balance and does not require frequent cleaning. Before filling with water, the aquarium should be disinfected with potassium permanganate or a solution of table salt. When installing, you shouldconsider:

its location, since fish and plants must receive enough daylight. The most successful placement of the aquarium is near a window to the east and west. We tried to place the aquarium near a window facing north - there is little light, but in the south - there is a lot of light and this leads to water blooming. Therefore, I concluded that a large excess of light is undesirable;

distance from the window so that temperature and light are evenly distributed;

access for cleaning and maintaining the aquarium;

sustainability; You should not install it in such a way that you are constantly afraid of catching it and breaking it.

First of all, you need to fill the bottom of the aquarium with soil. The soil is made up of colorful pebbles. They must be washed with water before installation. Then the soil is carefully laid out in the form of a pattern.

After this, various decorations are placed. In my aquarium it is a large beautiful castle, white and blue corals, a chest, a crab, artificial algae, and shells.

The water must stand for at least 1 day before pouring in order for chlorine, which is dangerous for fish, to be released. After this, water is poured into the aquarium. After 3 days, the water in the aquarium became cloudy. My relatives explained to me that this is due to the fact that in the aquarium, in addition to plants and fish, there are many more microorganisms that keep the water clean. After 2 weeks, the water became clear and crystal clear. Now the aquarium is ready to add fish and plant plants.

What and why grows in an aquarium

By purchasing new plant, the need for light and temperature conditions should be taken into account. Some plants grow in low light (hornwort), others in strong light, for example: watercolor. Depending on their temperature needs, plants are divided into:

- cold-loving, temperate and heat-loving.

When planting plants, keep in mind that:

for valuable plants, multi-layer soil is poured into the pot

It is better to take young plants for planting; they take root more easily and are more actively involved in the process of biological water treatment;

tall plants are planted behind short ones, and small ones in the foreground;

if plants are planted in a pot, then there should be enough holes for ventilation;

Most domestic aquatic plants are of little use for an aquarium, since they die in winter (the exception is plants growing in the south of Russia). It is better to plant tropical and subtropical plants;

to highlight a beautiful plant, you need to place it among low ones, next to a stone or in an empty place.

Having filled the aquarium with water to about 5 - 8 cm, we began to plant the plants. Before planting, the long roots were trimmed with scissors and bad leaves were removed. After planting the plants, the aquarium was filled with water.

The most commonly used plants in aquariums are fern plants (water cabbage, salvinia) and algae (sparkleweed, marsh grass), mosses, and flowering plants (elodea, duckweed).An aquarium without plants is just a container of water. Plants transform it into a working model of a natural reservoir. After planting the plants, the aquarium begins to “breathe”, “work”, and the “dead” tap water becomes “alive”. This water is the main thing in the aquarist’s work.
Aquarium plants are not primitive algae, but very complex creatures that subtly “feel” and respond to changes in their environment. The important task is for them to live well.

Today, the amateur has dozens of technical devices at his disposal to help him properly manage the operation of his home pond. But no technology, even the most reliable, can replace an underwater plant - a living oxygen factory. Practice shows that you can do without equipment in an aquarium, but hardly without plants. In any case, it will not be a living model, but a dead one.

Fish.

What kind of fish should I put in the aquarium? - this is a question asked by almost every beginner.

It is not so easy to answer. First of all, it is a matter of taste. But one cannot be guided only by aesthetic considerations. A novice aquarist should know at least the following. There are viviparous fish, in which the offspring are born and are immediately able to do without the help of their parents. There are spawning fish whose offspring require the care of their parents in the first days of life. Both among viviparous and spawning fish there are predators that cannot be kept with other fish, especially if they are smaller. Therefore, before purchasing the fish you like, you need to know all its features and habits. You can read about this in specialized literature or consult with experienced aquarists. But often even the most qualified consultation does not guarantee against surprises.

To begin with, you should not strive to acquire large fish, and the size of the aquarium (50 liters) does not provide grounds for this. It is preferable to purchase not adult fish, but young ones, but, of course, not fry, which require special food. When selecting fish that are diverse in color and body shape, you should strive to ensure that they are similar in housing conditions. It is also important to remember that different types of fish prefer to live in different layers of water.

Some aquarium fish are not found in nature at all, but are only the fruit of many years of work by breeders. These are various breeds of goldfish, swordtails, guppies, discus, angelfish and catfish. They also have ancestors that they resemble, but differ significantly.

There are 25 in my aquariumfish and various plants.The main and main inhabitants of a home pond are fish.In my home pond, as a novice aquarist, there are fish that are not very demanding in terms of keeping conditions and have already “taken root” to each other. I'll tell you about them.

The first to populate the pond were guppies, zebrafish and neons. After some time, we added gourami and mollies to them. When balance in the aquarium was restored and all the fish were safe and healthy, more speckled catfish and angelfish appeared.

Danio is one of the most popular aquarium fish. (Appendix) It is distinguished by its attractive coloring, mobility and exceptional peacefulness. It does not require large amounts of maintenance and is content with modest care.

It prefers to live in a flock in an elongated container with a volume of 30 liters or more with clean water, an abundance of vegetation (including floating) and proportionate peaceful neighbors. It lives mainly in the upper layers of water.
Natural habitat - Eastern India.
Maximum length - 6 cm.
Guppy

The most popular fish. Guppies are very unpretentious, peaceful and get along well with many other inhabitants of the aquarium. However, it is not recommended to keep them with active, moving fish, such as barbs. There are many breeding forms that differ in color and fin shape.
Food: medium-sized frozen food, flake mixtures, including those with plant ingredients and additives to enhance color.

Approximate size - 2 cm.

Marbled gourami

Breeding form of blue gourami. One of the most popular ornamental fish. Compatible with almost all peaceful inhabitants of warm-water aquariums. Attracts attention with pleasant colors, graceful movements, funny, characteristic of the majority Maximum size - 12 cm
Food: frozen and floating dry mixtures, gelled food.

Approximate size - 3 cm.

neon simple usually measures up to 4 cm. The females of this fish have a thicker abdomen and the blue stripe on it is curved, while in males it is straight.

If you have purchased simple neon fry, before planting them in a common aquarium, it is advisable to gradually add hard water from the aquarium to them - the fry will be able to better adapt to the habitat in which they will live. Keeping adult fish is not difficult, since simple neons are undemanding to the quality of water and food. The fish eat a variety of dry and live food.

It is optimal to keep simple neons in spacious aquariums, densely planted, with designated areas for feeding and swimming. They usually contain simple neons in flocks.

Speckled catfish

When we bought catfish and placed them in the aquarium, I noticed that they always swim near the bottom. At first I thought that the fish were sick, but it turned out that catfish are real “scavengers”: they clean the aquarium of food debris. And another secret was revealed to me - all fish breathe oxygen, which is in the water, and catfish, like you and me, breathe atmospheric air. To do this, they occasionally stick out of the water. Who else will play the role of scavengers in the aquarium? Clams, crayfish, snails - reels. The illuminated glass of aquariums is overgrown with a green carpet - tiny algae. They serve as the main source of oxygen. The size of speckled catfish usually does not exceed 7 cm.

The catfish is stuck. (Appendix 3) It uses its legs to stick to underwater objects and scrape off algae growths from them. Aquatic plants are as important inhabitants of aquariums as fish. With them, the aquarium begins to “breathe”, “work”, and the water in it becomes “alive”.

In the first week, when throwing food, the fish did not float to the surface, but began to eat the food when it fell to the bottom. In the second week, during feeding, almost all the fish floated to the surface and ate the food, preventing it from falling to the bottom. In the third week, closer to 8 o’clock in the evening, even before feeding, all the fish unanimously floated to the surface, waiting for food.

Experiment 2. I decided to check if the fish could hear. The feeding time had not yet come; the fish were swimming calmly in the aquarium. I went up to the aquarium and rang the bell over the lid - almost all the fish floated to the surface. From which it follows that fish hear. There is a thermometer in the aquarium. Without turning on the heater, the water temperature in the aquarium was 20 degrees. The fish swam slowly, did not play, most of them were at the bottom.

Experiment 3. I turned on the heater. The water temperature reached 26 degrees. The behavior of the fish changed, they became active, mobile, and swam throughout the aquarium.

Experiment 4. At night, in the dark, I approached the aquarium and saw that the fish were not moving and their eyes were open and not blinking. I wondered why fish sleep with their eyes open. From the book I learned that this happens because fish do not have eyelids. I woke up and started watching the fish. The lights in the aquarium were turned off and the fish were in the dark. The fish were inactive and half asleep. I turned on the light and the fish's behavior changed. They became active and mobile.

Feeding

Proper nutritious nutrition is an indispensable condition for normal growth and reproduction of fish. When feeding fish, you need to adhere to the rule: it is better to underfeed the fish than to overfeed them, since they will always find food in the aquarium in the form of various living organisms and plants. It should be taken into account that if there is an overdose of food, the water in the aquarium will deteriorate.

After studying the literature and doing experiments, I came to the conclusion that:

Fish are trainable. If you feed them at the same time every day, they will swim to the surface waiting for food.

Fish have hearing.

At low water temperatures, the fish are sedentary and sad. When the water in the aquarium is heated, the fish become active, mobile, and playful.

I found out that fish sleep with their eyes open and this is due to their lack of eyelids.

In the dark, the fish are inactive; when the light is on, the fish become active and mobile.

So, having examined the living conditions in the aquarium, I want to say, that my hypothesis was partially confirmed. An aquarium is truly a small artificial ecosystem. But to maintain it you cannot do without human help, and I also want to add that I achieved the goal that I set for myself; I learned about underwater life, the principles of setting up an aquarium, the basic rules for keeping fish and aquatic plants, and conducted experiments.

Remembering the words of the writer Vitaly Bianki, we can say that while doing this work, I discovered the unknown and interesting.

Annex 1.

Size: 25.3 Megabytes
Number of slides: 27

Description of the presentation Research work on the topic: “Natural aquarium, based on slides

Research work on the topic: “Natural aquarium, experience of creation using garden soil” Completed by: student of the 4th “B” class of MAOU “Gymnasium No. 77” Zinnurova Regina Ruslanovna Supervisor: Kataeva Yulia Alekseevna Naberezhnye Chelny, 2013

1. Introduction, relevance, purpose of the work The purpose of my work: to find out whether it is possible to use soil in an aquarium as a nutrient soil Tasks: - to find out what the aquarium ecosystem is; — Select the right components for the successful “launch” of the aquarium; - “Start up” the aquarium using the ground; — Draw conclusions about the suitability of using soil as a nutrient layer for aquarium plants. Object of study: the process of creating an aquarium with live plants. Subject of research: earth as the basis of nutritious soil for plants. Research methods: search and analysis of information on the topic, practical exercises.

Contents: 1. Introduction, relevance, purpose of the work 2. An aquarium as a mini ecosystem 3. The role of soil in the aquarium ecosystem 4. Preparation for launching a natural aquarium Selection of soil and soil Selection of plants Selection of light lighting Water quality Selection of aquarium inhabitants 6. “Startup” of a natural aquarium aquarium Selecting a location for the aquarium Preparing the soil and soil Preparing plants and water, launching the inhabitants of the aquarium Setting up the light lighting 7. The result of “launching” the aquarium, conclusions 8. Literature

1. Introduction, relevance, purpose of the work Each of us, at least once in our lives, dreamed of having an aquarium at home that would delight us with its beautiful appearance and bring a piece of living nature into our home. Yielding to desire, we went to the store and bought an aquarium, planted lush plants, and introduced beautiful fish. But after a while the plants did not take root, lost their former beauty, turned yellow and rotted, the fish felt worse, and our natural reservoir turned into a small swamp. One day, looking at a well-growing flower standing on the windowsill, I began to think. The flower receives all the nutrients necessary for growth precisely from the soil and water with which we water it. Why not try using soil as the main soil for aquarium plants, since there is already water there.

2. Aquarium as a mini ecosystem Any body of water created by man to contain aquatic inhabitants in enclosed spaces is called an aquarium. An ecosystem is a unity of living organisms and their habitat, in which living organisms of different “professions” are able to jointly maintain the circulation of substances. An aquarium is an ecosystem. It includes several main groups of organisms between which continuous metabolism occurs.

2. An aquarium as a mini ecosystem Signs of an ecosystem 1. Organisms of an ecosystem are self-sufficient and can exist for an unlimited time if conditions remain constant. 2. In each ecosystem, the following components can be distinguished: producers: provide oxygen and organic substances, and receive carbon dioxide and minerals (plants). consumers: give carbon dioxide and organic substances, and receive oxygen and organic substances (animals: fish, snails, etc.). Destroyers: give carbon dioxide and minerals, and receive oxygen and organic substances (bacteria and fungi). 3. Despite the circulation of substances within the ecosystem, some energy still enters it from the outside, and some is lost by it.

3. The role of soil in the aquarium ecosystem Soil for an aquarium has an important role in the formation of biological balance. Soil is needed by: aquarium plants, for them it is a place for the development and rooting of the root system, a source of nutrients. aquarium fish in order to dig in it, rummage, look for food, use it as a shelter, a place to sleep or rest. for cleanliness, since it acts as a mechanical and biological filter, colonies of beneficial bacteria appear and develop in it, which process harmful substances.

4. Preparing to launch a natural aquarium In my experience, the earth will serve as the lower nutrient layer of soil, and on top it will be covered with rock soil - black quartz. The top soil will prevent the soil from making the water cloudy. Quartz, like any stone soil, should not release harmful substances into the water. Scientifically, a suitable soil must be “chemically neutral”. In order to check the quality of the soil, let's conduct a simple experiment. To do this, take some quartz and put it in a glass, into which we pour a little acetic acid. Acetic acid is capable of reacting with various chemical elements. During the reaction, gas bubbles are released. If there are no bubbles, then the soil is “chemically neutral” and will not release harmful substances into the water. Selecting the top soil layer

4. Preparing to start a natural aquarium Now you need to choose a suitable land. The main indicator for the earth is its acidity. The acidity index is determined in p units. H. The soil should have an acidity value close to neutral: p. H = 6.5 – 7 units. Selecting soil and soil 1–6 p.m. H Acidic environment 7 p.m. H Neutral environment 8–1 4 p.m. H Alkaline environment. Acidity table

4. Preparing to launch a natural aquarium There are now many ready-made sets of earthen mixtures for indoor plants on sale. Analysis of earth mixtures showed that most of them consist not of earth, but of peat - a product of decomposition of vegetation. Peat is not suitable for us, as it contains too many nutrients that will quickly spoil the water in the aquarium. But soil for ficus is the best option, since it mainly contains only soil with the required acidity level: p. H = 6.5 units. Selection of soil and land

4. Preparing to start a natural aquarium Plants in an aquarium perform various functions necessary for both the fish and the aquarium as a whole. With the help of plants, biological balance is established in the aquarium. This is a source of oxygen for fish, in addition, many species of fish use plants as shelter and a basis for reproduction. The white color of plant roots is an indicator of the health of the soil. If the roots are blackened and rotten, then harmful changes are taking place in the aquarium ecosystem. Plant selection

4. Preparing to launch a natural aquarium Using the earth as a nutrient soil, it is necessary to plant plants with a root system. I chose several plants that grow quickly, adapt well to new conditions and look very beautiful. All aquarium plants mainly come from tropical and subtropical countries, adapted to temperatures from 18 to 35°C. Selection of Sagittaria plants. Homeland: swamps of the southern states of America Hemianthus pearl. Homeland: tropical regions of America. Blixa japonica. Homeland: grows from New Guinea to India

4. Preparing to start a natural aquarium Aquarium plants and fish need proper lighting. The light that illuminates the room is not enough for them. Fluorescent and incandescent lamps are used to illuminate the aquarium. Calculating the amount of light is very simple - for every liter of water you need 1 Watt (W) of lamp power. The number of watts is written on the body of each lamp. Choosing light lighting Lamps are installed in the lids of aquariums and placed closer to the front glass: in this case, the fish look most bright and natural, and the plants turn their leaves towards the viewer. Lamp operating time is approximately 8 -10 hours a day. This is enough for the growth and development of plants.

4. Preparing to start a natural aquarium What kind of aquarium exists without water? Clean tap water is suitable for the aquarium. The main parameters of water are measured in the already familiar acidity indicators pH, which should be equal to 6.5 -7.5 units. The second important parameter is water hardness - d. H, it is measured in degrees. Required value d. H from 5 to 12 degrees. Water quality 1–6 p.m. H Acidic environment 7 p.m. H Neutral environment 8–1 4 p.m. H Alkaline environment. Acidity table 0– 4 d. H very soft water 4–8 d. H soft water 8–12 d. H water of medium hardness 12–18 d. H quite hard water 18–30 d. H very hard water. Total water hardness table

4. Preparation for launching a natural aquarium Let's determine the acidity of the water pH, which should be equal to 6.5 -7.5 units. In chemistry, there are substances that have the ability to change their color in the presence of acids and alkalis. These substances are called indicators. Paper is impregnated with these substances, which is then used in the form of test strips. The strip is dipped into water and it changes color. The color of the strip is compared with a control color scale. Water quality 15 Our water test showed pH = 6.5 units - which means the water is suitable for us.

4. Preparing to start a natural aquarium Let's determine the water hardness - d. H, it is measured in degrees. Required value d. H from 5 to 12 degrees. We need soft or medium hard water. To determine the hardness of water, let's carry out a simple experiment with water and soap: if soap in water does not lather well and does not produce foam, then the water is hard, and vice versa - if there is a lot of foam, it means the water is soft. Our water is soft. Water quality

4. Preparing for the launch of a natural aquarium The choice of aquarium inhabitants depends, first of all, on its volume, which is measured in liters. The larger the volume of the aquarium, the more fish you can put in it. A simple formula allows you to calculate the number of fish: for each fish there should be at least 5 liters of water. Choice of Aquarium Residents I decided to have Red Cherry shrimp in my aquarium. In our country they call it “cherry” shrimp. Her homeland is Taiwan. This shrimp is easy to keep, it is unpretentious to conditions, beautiful and hardworking. Cherry shrimp are the orderlies of the aquarium, as they clean it of dirt.

6. “Starting” a natural aquarium Choosing a location for the aquarium The main requirement for the location of the aquarium in the room: it should not be in direct sunlight. It is advisable to install it in the darkest place in the room. In strong light, microscopic green algae begin to multiply in the water. They cover the glass, the plants turn out to be covered with green shoots - the water turns greenish.

6. “Starting” a natural aquarium Preparing the soil and soil We fill the bottom of the aquarium with a layer of soil equal to 3-4 cm. Next we fill it with a layer of black quartz of 2 cm.

6. “Starting” a natural aquarium Preparing plants and water, launching the inhabitants of the aquarium After this, we plant the plants in the ground. Plant roots must be trimmed before planting. To prevent our soil from being washed away when pouring water, we place a saucer at the bottom of the aquarium and carefully pour tap water into it at a temperature of +23°C.

6. “Starting” a natural aquarium Preparing plants and water, starting the inhabitants of the aquarium Close the aquarium with a lid and turn on the light. To make it easier to control the lighting time, you can use a timer that is adjusted to a certain operating interval during the day - it turns the light on and off. After everything is planted, we introduce its inhabitants – “cherry” shrimps – into our aquarium. There are only a few of them, but they will quickly give birth to offspring.

7. The result of the “Launch” of the aquarium, conclusions The result of the “launch” of a natural aquarium using land was a closed ecosystem. It takes approximately 3 months for the aquarium to fully “mature”, after which the ecosystem becomes stable. My water remained clear and clean, without an unpleasant odor. Water condition

7. Result of the “Startup” of the aquarium, conclusions The plants confidently began to grow: the Sagittaria released several arrow-like shoots. Hemianthus pearl has produced new branches and increased the number of leaves and the height of the stems. Blixa japonica has taken root and produced several young leaves from the center of the stem. The condition of all plants is excellent, the leaves are juicy, bright, green. The roots are white, which means the soil is fine. Plant condition

7. The result of “Starting” the aquarium, conclusions The good condition of all elements of the aquarium ecosystem allows us to draw the following conclusion: the use of soil in a natural aquarium allows plants to develop and grow. There is no need to add additional fertilizers to the aquarium, since the soil contains all the substances necessary for plants. the soil did not have a harmful effect on the inhabitants of the aquarium - cherry shrimp. There is only one problem left - what to do with a large number of overgrown plants General conclusion

7. Result of “Starting up” the aquarium, conclusions To maintain the well-being of the aquarium, it is necessary to: change the water once a week: drain about 1/4 of the water from the aquarium and add new tap water. The new water should be the same temperature as the water in the aquarium; Regularly clean the aquarium of deposits on the glass; this can be conveniently done using a plastic card. Useful care tips

7. Result of “Starting” an aquarium, conclusions Example of aquariums in our house 26 An 11-liter aquarium, “launched” on earthen soil 1 year ago. A 100 liter aquarium, “launched” on earthen soil 3 years ago.

8. Literature Books: 1. Akimushkin, I. I. Whims of nature. - M.: Moscow, 1992. 2. Zolotnitsky, N. F. Amateur Aquarium. – M.: Terra, 1993. 3. Kochetov, A. M. Decorative fish farming. – M.: Education, 1991. 4. Tsirling M. B. Aquarium and aquatic plants. Reference manual. St. Petersburg : GIDROMETEOIZDAT, 1991. Internet resources: http: //aquajournal. ru/nature. php? nature=1 http: //www. aqa. ru/Neocaridina_denticulata_Red_Cherry http: //aquariumhome. people ru/d. html http://www. aquariumhome. ru/page 1. htm http: //akvarium-book. people ru/p. Hwater. html http: //myaquaclub. ru/aquarium/aqua-start/470 -zachem-grunt-v-aquariume http: //aquaria 2. ru/soil-in-aquarium http: //med. odessa. ua/obraz/vodaafnaliz. html

Branch of the Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution

"Staroaleksandrovskaya secondary school named after

Hero of the Soviet Union Kaliev Anvar Madievich"

"Karbanskaya basic secondary school

named after Hero of the Soviet Union Neatbakov Khamit Akhmetovich"

Research

"Aquarium fish"

Completed by: Ishmukhametova Ruzanna Ruslanovna

2nd grade student of the Karbanskaya secondary school branch

them. Neatbakova H.A."

Head: Bikshanova Galiya Sharifovna,

primary school teacher

Karbany village - 2016

Introduction

Relevance_______________________________________________2

Goal______________________________________________________________ 2

Tasks______________________________________________________________2

Hypothesis__________________________________________________________ 2

Research methods______________________________________________2

Object of study_______________________________________________2

Subject of research_______________________________________________2

Main content of the work__________________________________________

§ 1. What is an aquarium__________________________________________________________ 3

§ 2. Water for the aquarium___________________________________________ 3

§ 3. Soil preparation___________________________________________ _4

§ 4. The importance of light for fish_____________________________________________ 4

§ 5. The inhabitants of my aquarium__________________________________________ 5-6

5.1. Fishes are the main “eaters” of the aquarium______________________________________5

5.2. “Scavengers” of the aquarium ________________________________________________6

Conclusion__________________________________________________ 6

Bibliography______________________________________________ 7

"The whole huge world is around me, above me

and beneath me is full of unknown secrets. And I will

discover them all your life, because this is the most

interesting, the most exciting activity in the world!"

V. Bianchi

Introduction

Once in a store I saw a large aquarium and for a long time could not leave it, admiring the underwater world behind the “glass shore”.

And now my dream has come true. An aquarium with crystal clear water, a variety of plants and fish as elegant as natural flowers was given to me for my birthday, and it became the decoration of our home.

The life of the inhabitants of this ecosystem became a real mystery and riddle for me. Therefore, I chose the topic of my research without hesitation - the aquarium and its inhabitants.

The purpose of my work was to investigate the living conditions of the inhabitants of the aquarium. Based on the goal, there weretasks set:

1) study the literature and find out how to properly create an aquarium;

2) find out how plants and animals live in the aquarium

At the beginning of my work Iput forward a hypothesis , i.e. suggested that if an aquarium is a body of water with fish, aquatic plants and animals, then it is an ecosystem with a closed cycle of substances. To confirm or refute this hypothesis, I decided to use the followingmethods:

Studying literature and Internet resources

Survey

Observation

Experiment.

So, the object of my research became an aquarium.

Subject of research – interaction of living and nonliving components.

Main content of the work

§ 1. What is an aquarium

Looking into the explanatory dictionary, I found outWhat an aquarium is an artificial pond or glass container with water for keeping fish, aquatic animals and plants. Artificial means created by man.

A body of water with fish, aquatic animals and plants is an ecosystem.. Like any An ecosystem, an aquarium, obeys the laws of nature: that means it must have eaters, feeders and scavengers. Then why do we change the water in our aquarium so often? Does it become cloudy and the glass becomes coated?

§ 2. Water for the aquarium

Having carefully examined the aquarium, I saw in it soil, algae, a tube for supplying air - a compressor, fish, snails, water, a lamp for supplying light. Testing your hypothesisI started by testing the water. Water for an aquarium must, first of all, be soft and clean. It is quite possible to use tap water, as well as lake or river water. If tap water is poured into the aquarium, it must be allowed to settle for several days. The parents explained that at many waterworks, large amounts of chlorine, a gas that kills harmful microbes, are added to the water. After studying the literature, I found out that Chlorine is dangerous for fish, so fish should not be allowed into tap water. It should sit for 2-3 days. We poured water from the well, but mixed it with pure distilled water.So, I concluded that to maintain the aquarium ecosystem you need prepared water.

§ 3. Soil preparation

Further, having studied the literature, I learnedthat the soil in an aquarium is called soil . The soil should not have sharp edges that could injure fish. Before placing it in the aquarium, the soil must be washed to remove dirt, it is best to boil it and lay it on the bottom of the aquarium in a layer of several centimeters.Small pebbles with a particle size of 4 to 8 mm are successfully used in aquariums. Such soil cakes less than soil whose substrate consists of coarse sand, but its siltation occurs more slowly.
Before placing the soil in the aquarium, we rinsed it thoroughly until the drained water became completely clear. Sand can be boiled; we used pebbles and simply doused them with boiling water.

§ 4. The meaning of light for fish

But what was the lamp for? I decided to find out how lighting affects an aquarium and how much light does it need? To do this, I conducted an experiment. The first week I added lighting to the aquarium, and in the second week, on the contrary, I put the aquarium in a dark place. I found out that an aquarium that was heavily lit quickly became overgrown with algae and required constant cleaning.

And in an aquarium placed in a dark place, after a while the plants and fish began to feel very bad and almost died. It turns out that light promotes the formation of chlorophyll - the green pigment of leaves; if its production is insufficient, plants die.

I came to the conclusion that the aquarium needs to be artificially illuminated with a lamp. daylight. Lighting should be moderate, but in sufficient quantity.

From the literature I learned thatPlants and animals need oxygen to breathe . Fish breathe oxygen, which is dissolved in water. It is clear that the further from the surface, the less oxygen in the water. I understood why a special tube was lowered into the aquarium - this is an additional source of oxygen - a compressor.

§ 5. The inhabitants of my aquarium

5.1. Fish are the main “eaters”

The main “eaters” in the aquarium ecosystem are fish. There are so many types of fish: viviparous fish, guppies, swordtails, labyrinth fish, goldfish and many others. Most of them come from fresh water bodies of the tropics, so they are kept in aquariums with warm water: from +20 to +27. The exception is goldfish, which were bred from crucian carp in China a long time ago. Since crucian carp live in temperate climates, goldfish are kept in colder water.

It turns out that fish swim at different depths (closer to the bottom, on the surface and throughout the aquarium). For beauty, it is better to populate different fish. In addition, the fish differ in the way they feed, so they need to be selected so as not to eat each other.

Having learned this, I I came to conclusion , it is better to stock unpretentious fish in the aquarium - guppies, swordtails. Keeping fish in favorable conditions, a varied and proper diet, and regular care of the aquarium can prevent many diseases if the fish is in perfect health, it is cheerful, cheerful, its dorsal fin is held straight, its body color is bright and shiny, and its appetite is excellent.

5.2. Aquarium scavengers

When my mother bought catfish and put them in the aquarium, I noticed that they always swim near the bottom. At first I thought that the fish were sick, but it turned out that the catfish are real"scavengers" ": they clean the aquarium of food debris. And another secret was revealed to me - all fish breathe oxygen, which is in the water, and catfish, like you and me, breathe atmospheric air. To do this, they occasionally stick out of the water. Who else will play the role of scavengers in the aquarium? Clams, crayfish, aquatic turtles, snails - coils. The illuminated glass of aquariums is overgrown with a green carpet - tiny algae. They serve as the main source of oxygen in the aquarium; many of the plants are excellent spawning substrates; others absorb calcium from water, reducing its hardness; For many fish, plants are an essential food or vitamin supplement to the diet. Therefore, plants in the aquarium are necessary. However, as they grow, they block light. And here snails come to the rescue - coils that clean algae from the glass. But since an aquarium is an artificial reservoir and a person monitors its cleanliness, there may not be any scavengers.

Conclusion

So, having examined the living conditions in the aquarium, I want to say , that my hypothesis was partially confirmed. An aquarium is truly a small artificial ecosystem. But to maintain it you cannot do without human help.

I also came to the conclusion that aquarium activities develop a sense of love for nature and an understanding of beauty. Communicating with the beautiful world on glass shores relieves a person of stress, lowers blood pressure, and gives a boost of energy and vigor. Remembering the words of the writer Vitaly Bianki, we can say that while doing this work, I discovered the unknown and interesting.

Thank you for your attention!

Bibliography:

1. "Basic truths of aquarium science" - V. Tretyakov

2. "Some advice for beginners" - Olga Yakovleva,

Denis Pavlov

3. “Advice for a beginner aquarist” - V.A. Smirnov

4. “Modern aquarium and chemistry” - I.G. Khomchenko

A.V.Trifonov, B.N.Razuvaev

5. Internet resource

Municipal Atypical Budgetary Educational Institution "Lyceum No. 76"

XI regional research conference for students “First Steps”

Subject: The underwater world at home

Section: My interests and hobbies

Completed: Parferov Egor

1st grade student

Scientific director: Kukharenko E.O.

primary school teacher

Novokuznetsk

Introduction ___________________________________________________3

Main part ______________________________________________3

The history of aquariums __________________________ 3

What is an aquarium? How it works ______________________________4

Study of the composition of river and aquarium water __________5

A study of aquarists' opinions on keeping river fish

in aquariums _____________________________________________________6

Conclusion _________________________________________________7

References ________________________________________________8

Applications ________________________________________________9

1. Introduction

In the summer my parents and I go fishing. I really like watching the fish (fry) that swim close to the shore in small schools. If you stand in the water and don’t move, the fish immediately gather near your feet and even try to bite. And from the shore you can watch them play, jumping out of the water.

In rivers and lakes, all conditions for their life have been created for fish. And I wondered why people keep tropical aquarium fish at home, but you can hardly find river fish in aquariums at home?

Goals of my work: find out what is difficult about keeping river fish at home.

Tasks, that need to be solved to achieve the goal :

Get acquainted with the history of the origin of the aquarium.

Find out what an aquarium is and understand how it works.

Find out experimentally how the conditions created in an aquarium for aquarium fish differ from the conditions necessary for keeping river fish in an aquarium.

Research methods:

theoretical research (study of specialized literature);

conducting experiments;

survey;

analysis of the results obtained.

2. Main part

The history of aquariums

Fish were bred in captivity in ancient China about four thousand years ago. At first, artificial reservoirs with colorful fish were only in the gardens of the Chinese emperor, and only those close to the emperor from his family could admire the inhabitants of these “aquariums”. In the tenth century, other classes received this opportunity. Ancient Rome and Egypt also had artificial reservoirs with running water in which various fish and shellfish lived and bred. Europe learned about the existence of aquariums only in the sixteenth century, and it came from China. And only a century later the residents of Russia received the opportunity to breed aquarium fish.

Currently The role of an aquarium in an apartment is interesting: a piece of the water element, placed in the interior of a city dweller’s home, is an excellent decorative element, as well as a means of relaxation after a stressful working day. Aquarium fish can bring you a lot of joy. But when starting an aquarium, it is important to understand what types of aquarium fish will live in it and how.

What is an aquarium? How it works

If we take it superficially, then an aquarium is a vessel filled with water in which asthenia grows and fish swim.

It seems to us that an aquarium is a small corner, a piece of nature in our home, a small copy of any closed reservoir (pond, lake), and life in it proceeds according to the same laws. Therefore, practicing an aquarium is learning about the life of interesting and diverse species of fish and aquatic plants, a window into the natural world.

A modern aquarium is equipped with the necessary materials and equipment that allow you to create conditions for the life of fish and regulate them. This -

Aquarium filter - an external filter with multiple fillers is desirable. The more fillers, the better the water purification.

Aquarium thermometer - check that its readings are correct. Better is the one that the fish cannot break and will always be visible to you. Do not use mercury ones, they are very dangerous

Aquarium lamps - must be selected according to the length of the aquarium, color and power.

Feeder - you can cut a feeder out of clean foam, or you can buy an automatic one. The main thing is that the food does not spread throughout the aquarium, each fish gets its own small portion and the food does not rot in the aquarium.

Fish food - a variety of food. Some fish require specialized ones.

Water tests.

Soil - the soil for most aquariums with plants and peaceful fish should be dark, grains no more than 2-7 mm in diameter, not sharp. We will fill it 5-7 cm high. If your aquarium is not intended to contain fish that prefer hard water, be sure to check the soil for vinegar. (Just throw a couple of grains of soil into the vinegar. If even one tiny gas bubble forms, it will increase the water hardness over time). If your fish dig the soil and pull plants out of it, then plant the plants in pots.

It is advisable to select plants according to the conditions of maintenance and water parameters that you can provide for them.

Snag - some types of fish need it. It also serves as an aquarium decoration. Hardwood driftwood is desirable. Apple, alder, and willow are suitable.

Aquarium lid. It will protect your aquarium from dust and dirt and will not allow fish to jump out of it.

Conditions for keeping aquarium and river fish

Aquarium fish are a wonderful and unique decoration for rooms. However, not everyone knows where these beauties came from. Meanwhile, the story of their origin is extremely fascinating.

So, popular fish guppy are warm water and come from South America. They live in large swamps, streams of Venezuela, Guiana, Barbados and Trinidad. Also among the most unpretentious fish are platies. Their homeland is considered Mexico and Guatemala.

Particularly popular among the majority are fish such as glowing neons that live in upper rivers Amazons, i.e. their homeland is tropical rivers of America. It should be noted that neons reproduce only in dark places, since in bright light their eggs die. Another particularly popular representative of aquarium fish is cockerel. His homeland is considered subtropical Southeast Asia.

IN Appendix 1 I present the table “Homeland of aquarium fish and conditions for their maintenance” for the most common aquarium fish.

Thus, almost all fish for breeding in an aquarium originated from warm countries where the climate is milder and more humid. Taking into account the conditions of their habitat, the microclimate of the “underwater world” is created at home.

River “local” fish are adapted to completely different conditions. The water temperature in the river ranges from 0 – 4 C in winter and from 15-19 C in summer. The area of even the largest aquarium is smaller than the area of the natural habitat. In addition, the water in the river has a current.

Study of the composition of river and aquarium water

To find out how different the composition of the water in the river is from aquarium water, I conduct experiments.

For determining degree of transparency I pour a 20 cm layer of water into a transparent glass. I try to read the text on paper, looking through a glass of water. If this is easy to do, the water is clear. Appendix 2.

Water color I determine it in a similar way: I pour 100 ml of water into a transparent glass and examine it against the background of white paper. Organic matter decomposing in water gives it a dark color.

The smell of water can also tell a lot about its purity. First, I heat the water to 20 °C, then to 60 °C. The putrid smell of water indicates the presence of hydrogen sulfide in its composition. Appendix 3.

Degree water hardness I determine by the presence of sediment after boiling. When boiled, softer water produces less sediment in the form of light (white) flakes.

For check water quality levels I put a small drop of water on the mirror. After the liquid has evaporated, I determine: if the surface of the mirror remains clean, the water is also clean. If any stains have formed on the glass, this is a sign of poor water quality (the result of decomposition of organic substances). Appendix 4.

For determining pHenvironment I use homemade test strips (the recipe for making them is described in Appendix 5). Using a pipette, I drop one or two drops of the test solution (river water or water from an aquarium) onto the test strip. I give one or two minutes for the moisture to dissolve the dry indicator and react with it. As a result of this reaction, the color of the paper changes depending on ph of water, which can be determined by comparing the color of the test strip with a color scale ( Appendix 6).

The data obtained as a result of the experiments, of course, are not accurate enough (I present them in the table in Appendix 7), however, comparing the composition of the studied water samples, I can assume the following:

1. river fish, unlike aquarium fish, can withstand large changes in water temperature; in addition, the water temperature in the aquarium will have to be lowered, because it will not be as low as the fish is accustomed to in natural habitats.

2. river water is cleaner, therefore, in an aquarium in which river fish will be kept, it will be necessary to install more water purification devices than would be required for aquarium fish.

Research on the opinion of aquarists

I was wondering if my assumption coincides with the opinion of people involved in keeping and breeding fish in aquariums. I compiled questions and conducted a survey among aquarium fish lovers.

Questionnaire.

Have you tried keeping river fish in an aquarium?

How long have the river fish been in your aquarium?

A. not long B. long C. still living

Can river fish get along with aquarium fish in the same aquarium?

Which fish are more demanding to care for?

A. aquarium fish B. river fish

5. What is the difficulty of keeping river fish at home?

As a result, I found out the following:

67% of people surveyed who deal with aquarium fish have tried to keep river inhabitants in an aquarium.

The fish did not live long in captivity in 50% (3 people), and only 1 still lives.

17% of respondents believe that aquarium fish can get along with river inhabitants, 83% are sure that they cannot.

33% believe that aquarium fish are more demanding in care, 67% (those who have already tried keeping river fish in a home aquarium) answered that river fish are more demanding in care.

To the question “What is the difficulty of keeping river fish at home?” responses received:

room water temperature is not suitable for all river inhabitants -67%

difficult to choose food – 50%

many river inhabitants are predators, eating smaller individuals 67%

river inhabitants are carriers of infection, infect other fish, which causes the death of aquarium fish - 100%

river fish require large aquariums – 83%

in aquariums containing river fish, it is necessary to install additional water purification devices - 67%.

3. Conclusion

Thus, in the course of conducting research activities, the purpose of which was to find out what is difficult about keeping river fish at home, I did the following work:

I got acquainted with the history of the origin of the aquarium;

I found out what an aquarium is and tried to understand how it works;

during various experiments on the composition of water, I found out how the composition of water in an aquarium differs from the composition of river water;

conducted a survey among people involved in breeding aquarium fish.

As a result of the work I did, I found out that keeping fish in aquariums is not only interesting, but also quite a responsible task, and trying to keep river fish in aquariums is also very difficult, although possible.

There are quite a lot of factors that create difficulties in keeping river fish at home (I have already mentioned them earlier), but the main thing is that the natural habitat for any living organism will always be better than even the closest copy created artificially. An aquarium is not a river, and life in it will be a burden for river inhabitants.

If your goal is to create a living area with river inhabitants, then take this as seriously as possible. Try to create an aquarium as large and free as possible, since fish will not live long in very crowded conditions.

4. References:

Baev S.Ya. From the experience of studying the composition of local waters. Magazine “Chemistry at school” No. 3, 1999. - 96s.

Kulsky L.A., Goronovsky I.T., Koganovsky A.M., Shevchenko M.A., Handbook on the properties, methods of analysis and purification of water. - Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 2000. - 680 p.

Revelle P., Revelle Ch. Our habitat. - M.: Mir, 2005. - 296 p.

Internet resources

www.koshcheev.ru

MBOU secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects No. 1

Serafimovich

RESEARCH

OBSERVING AQUARIUM FISH

Performed:

Avdeeva Margarita

student of 1st "B" class

Supervisor:

Verstyuk Yulia Alexandrovna

primary school teacher

I Introduction

II Main part

1. Characteristics of scalar.

2. Organization of living space.

3. My observations:

a) feeding the fish

b) temperature and light conditions

c) experiment on training fish to feed

III Conclusions

Bibliography

1. Introduction

My aquarium is huge

Like a home ocean

Behind the glass flows a modest

A living fountain of bubbles...

Between the tender algae,

Near the pebbles at the bottom

The fish swims slowly

And he lives for my joy.

I. Konkov

Why did I decide to observe aquarium fish?

An aquarium is a whole world with aquatic plants, fish and snails. Its name comes from the Latin word “aqua” - water. In an aquarium, it can be summer all year round and this gives any apartment coziness and comfort.

I have always dreamed of having a small corner of wildlife at home. I took over my interest in the aquarium and caring for fish from my dad. Together with him, I learn to care for the fish, and at the same time observe their behavior and life. Therefore, the aquarium became for me a corner of relaxation and a window into nature. Now I have four angelfish, several species of barbs, gourami and catfish in my aquarium.

Relevance The research project reflects the meaning of human need to communicate with nature. Since I have an aquarium, I decided to study and conduct observations of aquarium fish.

Hypothesis: to prove to my parents that I can take care of aquarium fish on my own.

Purpose of my research: conduct observation of the life activity of angelfish and their behavior.

Tasks:

Organize living space for aquarium fish.

Determine what food the fish prefer.

Observe the property of irritability in fish (to light, heat).

Object of study: aquarium - 600 liters, angelfish.

Research method I chose to observe the fish during feeding, their reaction to light and heat; experiment on the development of conditioned reflexes in angelfish; study of literature, Internet.

IIMain part.

1. Characteristics of scalar.

Angelfish is a genus of fish of the order Perciformes, belongs to the family Cichlids. The length of the fish reaches 15 cm, height up to 26 cm. The body of these fish has a disc-shaped shape, protruding more in height than in length. Thanks to its highly elongated fins, it takes on a shape resembling a crescent. The basic body color of angelfish varies greatly. It can have various shades, ranging from greenish-gray to olive with a silvery tint. The back of the fish is darker than the belly. Vertical dark stripes run along their body, the intensity of which depends on the condition of the fish.

The homeland of angelfish is the northern part of South America, the middle reaches of the Amazon River and its tributaries. The name of this fish translates as “winged leaf”. In the West it is called “angel fish”. These fish appeared in our country at the beginning of the 20th century.

Angelfish need a large and deep aquarium of at least 50 cm in height. The aquarium should have dense vegetation, but at the same time it also needs free space for swimming.

2. Organization of living space

The fish and plants kept in the aquarium are mostly from tropical areas. Therefore, it was imperative to create good living conditions for my pets.

An aquarium is a small artificial reservoir. For the aquarium I needed: a floating feeder, a heater, a thermometer, a lamp, a net for catching fish, a compressor, a filter.

To provide the aquarium plants with a substrate and the fish with “soil under their feet,” I place soil made from small pebbles and various shells on the bottom of the aquarium.

To decorate the living space of the aquarium, you will also need aquatic plants and certain decorative materials. I plant aquatic plants in the ground. Before filling a glass vessel with water, you must first let it sit for two to three days. At first the water was cloudy, but gradually small particles of soil settled and the water became clear. I released the inhabitants of the aquarium into water that had settled and heated to the required temperature.

FISH ONLY LIVE IN CLEAN WATER.

3. My observations.

a) feeding the fish

The main factor in the long life of fish is proper feeding. It is necessary to feed the fish slowly and carefully observing their reaction to the food.

However, the main rules for an aquarist are: It is better to underfeed than to overfeed. If there is uneaten food left in the aquarium, it begins to rot, the water becomes cloudy, and this can result in mass death of fish.

After my observation, I determined that, having taken any measure of food, it should be added in small portions so that the fish eat it instantly, and the food that accidentally falls to the bottom is collected in about five minutes. I sprinkled the food into the floating feeder. I began to give this amount of food, that is, eaten in five minutes, in the following days. And I remove excess food with a net.

A variety of live food can be considered an ideal food. But it is not always possible to purchase it in our conditions, so we have to make do with dry food. Dry food is best purchased at special pet stores. They sell high-quality vitamin food.

We bought two types of food: “Universal” and “Cocktail” - daily food for aquarium fish. This is a feed balanced in all essential nutrients, vitamins and microelements. Produced from natural products of animal and plant origin using the dry pressing method. The food contains: fish, wheat, grass and soy flour, nettle, microelements, vitamins A, B, C, D, E, K, H and special additives.

I fed the fish 2 times a day, morning and evening, alternating food. But I tried at the same time. The fish really liked the food I fed them.

Conclusion: Fish like any of these foods; they quickly get used to the feeding regime. The inhabitants of the aquarium love a variety of food, so it is better to alternate food. You should not give the fish too much food, as this leads to disruption of the biological balance in the aquarium and worsens the condition of its inhabitants.

b) temperature and light conditions

Then I made the following observation. When the water in my aquarium was 20-22°, at this temperature the fish swam on top. I decided to test how the fish would react to heat. When the temperature of the heater increased, the fish quickly chose a warm place and swam where the water was heated by the heater.

Continuing the experiment, I placed the angelfish in a separate jar at a temperature of 28°C.

I saw that at a very high temperature - above 28°C it becomes bad, they lack oxygen, and they begin to suffocate. After all, less oxygen dissolves in warm water than in cold water. If the temperature is 28°C, then it is necessary that the air ventilation in the aquarium be constant. The optimal temperature for keeping angelfish is 24°C, and in order for them to begin to reproduce, the temperature must be increased to 26°C-28°C. But at this temperature, the water must be purged and filtered. And if the temperature in the aquarium drops to 17°, then illness, and then the death of the wonderful fish, is inevitable.hHHJKJ

Conclusion: The best water temperature for angelfish is 24-26°C. At this temperature the fish look especially bright.

I paid special attention to the lighting of the aquarium where the fish live. My aquarium has special lighting that is built into the lid of the aquarium. In this lighting the fish look especially bright. I noticed that if you screw a simple light bulb into a lamp, the water in the aquarium quickly becomes cloudy and the fish begin to lose their bright colors. Angelfish are also very shy. A sudden light can frighten them and then their paint also fades. If the light is on in the aquarium, then the fish behave more animatedly, swim near the light, they like the artificial sun, but no more than 12 hours a day.

The conclusion of my observation: angelfish love bright light, but with prolonged illumination they lose their color.

While observing aquarium fish, I decided to survey the students in our class, “What do they know about keeping fish in an aquarium?” I interviewed 14 students in our class.

Student Survey

	Questions	Yes	No
1		8	6
2		5	9
3		6	8
4.		13	1

Do you think that it is better to overfeed fish than to underfeed them?

Do you think that in order for fish to be comfortable, the water must be cold?

Do you think that the light in an aquarium should be on constantly? ?

Would you like to have an aquarium at home?

Here are the results I got:

Many children are mistaken that fish need a lot of food. In fact, it is better not to feed them a little. Most people correctly believe that water for fish should not be cold. Also, most people correctly think that fish do not need light 24 hours a day. Almost all guys would like to have an aquarium at home.

c) experiment on training fish to feed

For five days I spent with my fish training the fish to feed by sound. I fed the fish at the same time.

1 day. I knocked on the aquarium. The fish didn't swim up. Sprinkled the food. The fish swam up.

Day 2. I knocked on the aquarium. Five fish swam up. Sprinkled the food. All the fish swam up.

Day 3 I knocked on the aquarium. Almost all the big fish swam up and a few small ones. Sprinkled the food. All the fish swam up.

Day 4 I knocked on the aquarium. All the fish swam up with some exceptions. Sprinkled the food. All the fish swam up.

Day 5 I tapped the aquarium with a spoon. All the fish swam to the feeder. Sprinkled the food.

Conclusion: Thus, it only took me 5 days to train the fish to feed by sound. To develop this property, you need to feed the fish at the same time, knock on the wall of the aquarium in a certain place.

Conclusion of my observations

Based on my observations and experiments, I concluded that these fish easily get along with other fish breeds. Angelfish need a large and deep aquarium with a height of at least 50 cm, so it is more convenient to observe them. Angelfish eat any kind of food. They need to be fed in small portions at the same time once a day or even every other day. It is better to alternate food. Excess food has a bad effect on the water in the aquarium and its inhabitants. Angelfish love warmth; the optimal water temperature in the aquarium is 24-26 degrees. And too warm water will kill the fish. Angelfish also love light, but with prolonged exposure they lose their colors. It is easy for these fish to develop a conditioned reflex. You just need to feed the fish at the same time, but first knock on the aquarium with some object.

The hypothesis I put forward that I would be able to care for aquarium fish on my own was confirmed.

In the future, I plan to observe the birth of the fry and their behavior in the first days of life. I want to observe how long it takes for the fry to reach the size of adult fish? I have yet to find out the answers to these questions.

Literature :

A.V.Efremov Aquarium and its inhabitants. – Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk Book Publishing House, 1992-192 p.

M. B. Tsirling 99 tips. An aquarium in every home / - M.: Aquarium-Print LLC, 2007. – 112 p.

Encyclopedia for children. T.2. Biology / Comp. S.T. Ismailova. – 3rd ed. Reworked and additional – M.: Avanta, 1996. – 704 p.

Annex 1

Questionnaire for students

Do you think that it is better to overfeed fish than to underfeed them?

Do you think that in order for fish to be comfortable, the water must be cold?

Do you think that the light in the aquarium should be on constantly?

Would you like to have an aquarium at home?

Appendix 2

Fishes in an aquarium