The main themes and motives of the lyrics of N.A. Nekrasov. The main motives of Nekrasov's lyrics
N. Nekrasov - permanent magazine editor Sovremennik and Domestic Notes. He was a prominent representative of the "natural school". This is a literary trend of the 40s of the XIX century, based on the work of N.V. Gogol. Justified the term "natural" V. G. Belinsky as a truthful, unadorned image of reality.
Lyrics Nekrasova N.A.
N. A. Nekrasov - a bright representative civil poetry in Russian literature of the 19th century. This is poetry, the main themes of which are aimed at protecting public interests. The role of the poet is to awaken public consciousness, reflect the mood of society, call it to action. As opposed to "pure art", civil poetry turned to the phenomena of modern reality, drew attention to social injustice, and denounced social vices. The pathos of civic poetry lies in selfless devotion to the public cause.
Main themes lyrics by N. Nekrasov - the theme of the people and people's suffering; the theme of the poet and poetry, which is revealed as the theme of civic service and responsibility to the people and oneself; theme of love.
N. Nekrasov writes about the Russian people with respect and admiration. In peasant lyrics, the image of suffering occupies one of the central places. He called his Muse "the sad companion of the sad poor, born for labor, suffering and fetters." Destroyed forces, broken hopes, death - all this is present in the poet's poems about the peasant lot. N. Nekrasov is traditionally called the "singer of people's suffering." However, behind these sufferings lies the bright ideal beginning of people's life, the heroic forces of the Russian peasantry.
In the poem "Elegy" N. Nekrasov expressed his attitude to the reform of 1861, showed that he did not bring change. Here the poet raises his angry voice for the true liberation of the people. "Elegy" is a program work. Here N. Nekrasov expressed his poetic and political credo: "I dedicated the lyre to my people." The poet freed the elegy (Greek “plaintive song”) from romantic grief. His sadness is optimistic, as he believes in a bright future for the people.
Nekrasov's lyrics in many ways continue the traditions of Pushkin's creativity and develop the theme of the poet and poetry, linking it with the theme of serving the people. In many ways, N. Nekrasov was a follower of N. Gogol - he transferred to Russian realistic poetry the traditions of the "natural school", which was often called Gogol's. In the poem "The Poet and the Citizen", speaking out against "pure art", N. Nekrasov declares that a true poet cannot and should not remain indifferent to the grief and torment of the people, but, using his poetic gift, is obliged to participate in the struggle for the happiness of the people . N. Nekrasov demanded that the poet be, first of all, a citizen, a faithful son of his homeland: "You may not be a poet, / But you must be a citizen."
The theme of lyrical poems about love in the majority was the poet's relationship with Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva. They make up the "Panaev cycle" and are the pinnacle of the creativity of N. Nekrasov's intimate lyrics. Each poem is a fragment of a kind of lyrical novel: this is how the unresolved situation and the inexhaustibility of the plot are emphasized. One of these lyrical poems can be called. The lyrics of N. Nekrasov, dedicated to the theme of love, are closely connected with the classical tradition of Russian poetry, inheriting Pushkin's clarity and concreteness in the depiction of a love experience. An innovation was the "prose of life", which was the basis of the artistic method of N. Nekrasov.
N. Nekrasov introduces into poetry not only new themes and new heroes, but also enriches poetic language . In the poet's lyrics, folklore elements are combined with colloquial and high vocabulary.
N. Nekrasov used a variety of poetic forms and genres in his work:
- songs (“Song to Eremushka”, “Lullaby”, “Troika”, “Oh, the box is full, full” (from the poem “Pedlars”);
- N. Nekrasov - a master of poetic short stories (a story or a story in verse) "Sasha", "Russian Women";
- worked in the genre of accusatory satire ("Reflections at the front door",);
- in the form of declamatory pathetic speech, he created such poems as "Elegy", "Muse", etc.
The poet uses different "speech masks": most of his poems are dialogic - these are genre scenes, colored with civil pathos and deeply personal author's experience.
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To download material or !Poetry N.A. Nekrasov: themes, motives, features of the artistic world and poetics
ON THE. Nekrasov was called a peasant poet, a poet of St. Petersburg, a singer of revolutionary democracy. The main theme of Nekrasov's poetry is the life of the Russian peasantry and the urban poor (here the poet acts as a predecessor of Dostoevsky). In these verses, dreary, dull, mournful intonations often sound. Another theme is the theme of a contemporary, an advanced public figure or a cowardly layman. These poems are characterized by revolutionary, accusatory pathos. In addition, an important place in the work of Nekrasov is occupied by the theme of the poet and poetry and the theme of love.
The theme of the motherland acquired a rural, peasant character in Nekrasov's work. In his works, the reader is presented with the fate of the Russian village, the Russian peasant, the Russian woman: “Uncompressed lane”, “Forgotten village”, “On the Volga”, “Rural suffering in full swing”, “Orina, mother of a soldier”, “On the road” . The poet's work is inextricably linked with Russian folklore, songs, proverbs, and riddles. Many of his works are imbued with deep reflections on the fate of the Russian people, the ways of Russia's development:
Where there are people, there is a groan... Oh, my heart!
What does your endless moan mean?
Will you wake up, full of strength,
Or fate obeying the law,
You've already done everything you could - Created a song like a moan
And spiritually rested forever? ..
So the poet exclaims in "Reflections at the front door."
ON THE. Nekrasov is an innovative poet, a democratic poet. The rough routine, the boring prose of life comes to the fore in his poems: backbreaking peasant labor, hunger, poverty, drunkenness. As A. Grigoriev notes, Nekrasov's poetry "combines all the horrors of poverty, hunger, cold." The poet expands the themes of lyrical works, introducing new themes and images unusual for poetry (for example, images of a petty official, a robbed peasant, a fallen woman). Nekrasov interprets traditional "poetic themes" in a new way, such as the theme of death. The poet never portrays natural death, his death is always untimely, it is the result of social conditions. So, in the poem “Am I driving down a dark street at night ...” he depicts the death of a child in a beggarly, unbearable life. The mother of a baby has to become a corrupt woman in order to somehow support the existence of her family.
We often find parodic intonations in Nekrasov's works. Such are the poems "Modern Ode", "Moral Man". As the researcher notes, “these are parodies of any ode: official-patriotic, civil. A couplet, joking manner, a burlesque technique is used: doxology “from the opposite”, when caustic satire is hidden behind praises. The hero himself is endowed with dubious virtues:
Do not offend you for nothing and reptiles,
You are ready to help the villain,
And your gold coins are not stolen from defenseless orphans and widows.
We see a repulsion from the traditions of Pushkin and Lermontov in the poem "Yesterday, at six o'clock." The poet's muse appears as a peasant woman who was severely beaten with a whip. The image of the Muse, "the sad companion of the sad poor", we also meet in the poem "Muse":
But since childhood, a strong and blood union With me, the Muse was in no hurry to break,
Through the dark abysses of Violence and Evil,
She led me through labor and hunger - She taught me to feel my sufferings And blessed the world to announce them ...
The poem “Blessed is the gentle poet” develops the theme of lyrical digressions by N.V. Gogol in the poem "Dead Souls" (argument about two types of writers), as well as poems by M.Yu. Lermontov "Prophet". The "Elegy" (to A.N. Erakov) is devoted to the same topic. In it, the poet indicates the main goal of art:
To excite the attention of the mighty of the world to the people - What could the lyre serve more worthily? ..
It should be noted that traditional lyrical genres acquire new content from the poet. Thus, Nekrasov's elegy discussed above is not a sad memory of love, but a poem of social problems.
The lyrical hero of Nekrasov's autobiographical and many love poems is a Russian intellectual. We also meet the image of an intellectual-raznochinets, a public figure in the poems “In Memory of Dobrolyubov”, “In Memory of Belinsky”, the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”. The call for freedom is heard in the poems "Prophet", "Song of Eremushka". However, it is worth noting that “in many other poems, Nekrasov’s revolutionary nature acts as a many-sided reflection. We are dealing with a lyrical hero who imagines himself only as a “knight for an hour”, or capable of making a wrong step. “His stronger friends look reproachfully at him from portraits, and he himself is just a“ penitent nobleman ”. The atonement of eternal sin before the people is a constant theme in Nekrasov. Until the end of his days, he still doubted whether he worthily served the people with his lyre, whether the people would keep the memory of him.
The artistic method of the poet is realism. However, elements of fantasy are sometimes found in his works (fairy-tale elements and motifs in the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'"). Nekrasov's style absorbed the artistic traditions of the "natural school": lyrics tend to be epic, lyrical poems often contain portraits of heroes, descriptions of the situation. Many of Nekrasov's poems are plot-driven, he has "role-playing lyrics (the author speaks on behalf of some hero). At the same time, in his lyrics there is an analytical beginning, reasoning and reflections of the hero.
Nekrasov's style is democratic, he uses simple vocabulary, vernacular. The poet's favorite poetic meters are dactyl, amphibrach and anapaest.
Critics often reproached the poet for a lack of talent, using the remark of V.G. Belinsky about "talent-ax". Reflection on this issue, as well as on the dominance of social motives in creativity, was also characteristic of Nekrasov himself. However, in the eyes of modern readers, he still remains a great poet. V. Krestovsky very accurately remarked about Nekrasov’s verse: “But we love this clumsiness and heaviness - this is the heaviness of iron, the heaviness of an iron hammer, in it is his strength, his accuracy.”
Searched here:
- Nekrasov's poetry
- features of Nekrasov's poetry
- poetry nekrasov analysis
Up to readers, create a holistic picture of the world in poetry. This brilliant man combined in his work many aspects that were considered incompatible before him and belonged to completely different literary genres.
about the author
Nikolai Alekseevich was born on November 28 (December 10), 1821 in the small town of Nemirov, Podolsk province, in the Russian Empire, in a noble, once rich family. In addition to his poems, Nekrasov became famous thanks to his firm position as a revolutionary with democratic sentiments.
The poet was included in the list of classics of Russian literature. For a long time he published a magazine called Sovremennik, and a little later - Domestic Notes. Lyrica N.A. Nekrasov is based on the theme of the people, their deprivation. The writer often used vernacular expressions. It was thanks to Nikolai Alekseevich that some turns appeared in the official grammar. Nekrasov was known for his satirical works, poems, pamphlets.
He himself was a nobleman. His family was not as rich as their noble ancestors, but they did not feel the need either. Father served as a lieutenant in the army.
The whole life of the poet entered the main themes of Nekrasov's lyrics.
Motherland in the work of the poet
For him, the common people always came first. Accordingly, it was this line that became fundamental in his poetry.
The main themes of Nekrasov's lyrics are quite diverse and insightful. He not only touched on exciting topics superficially, but also immersed himself in them completely. It seemed that the poet, thanks to his work, transfers himself into the life of the peasants, experiences the same feelings.
It is possible that this is why Nekrasov's lyrics are still popular and relevant. His poems were extremely sharply social, he gave genuine descriptions of such problems as poverty and slavery.
Nekrasov repeatedly confessed his love for ordinary people. He also expected with them that someday a hero would appear who could save all the suffering and avenge their hardships.
Love for his Motherland always stood in the first place for him, and it doesn’t matter what happened at that time in his life.
Unhappy Peasants
One can judge how much Nikolai Alekseevich was a fan of the ordinary people of Russia, how hard he was worried about their fate, already by the fact that in one of his works the immortal Muse appeared to him in a peasant guise.
In this work, the girl was severely beaten by her owners, and Nekrasov saw this picture.
Deep knowledge of psychology and human nature helped the poet to draw amazingly vivid and believable images in his works. However, he most often tried to convey the peasant. He not only loved the people who lived in his country, but also hated those who made the lives of others unbearable.
Nekrasov always remained ready to rise up to fight the oppressors. He waited for the beginning of such actions, without hesitation, he put his life into opening the eyes of the whole world to injustice.
Nekrasov explained his position in the poem "Knight for an Hour". There he expressed the idea that the real struggle for the rights of people is a great cause for all who love.
The poet was not afraid to talk about the real state of things. He sympathized with all who are oppressed.
Inspiration
What inspired Nekrasov? The wide expanses of the country, its green distances, white winters, forests, fields, rivers, lakes and mountains. Despite the fact that the poet described the peasants with compassion, for him the people always appeared in the courageous beautiful appearance of strong and unbroken people. His work called "Silence" can be perceived as a declaration of love to his homeland. The poet says that he loves only her, he does not need another. Nekrasov wanted to see free peasants during his lifetime, from whom all the chains of oppression were removed. He lamented that he might not catch the moment when the peasants were made free and happy.
The poet imagined what would happen at the moment when people become even stronger. The country will flourish.
Feminine motifs of Nekrasov's lyrics
The folk poet also drew his inspiration from simple girlish images. He liked to turn a seemingly unremarkable girl into a character who will forever remain in the hearts of readers. This type of Nekrasov's lyrics is one of the main ones in the poet's works.
The main acting heroine is a peasant woman who is capable of a variety of feats. She is devoted to her country. Also, a woman can be a loving mother.
The wealthy class beats and humiliates a simple peasant woman, and she endures everything in silence. The heroine works tirelessly.
The image of a simple Russian beauty with high moral qualities can be found in most of Nekrasov's poems.
The poet wanted to teach his readers that it is important not only what catches the eye, what is outside, but also the inner world of a person. He himself admired such qualities as diligence, pride, selflessness.
In a poem about women from Russian villages, Nekrasov compares peasant women with real queens.
bright image of mother
The poet grew up in a family where he constantly saw the suffering of the closest person. His father played cards, was quite vulgar. And the mother was an intelligent woman who fell in love with an illiterate young man. She married without the consent of her parents and lived an unhappy life all her life.
Nekrasov was deeply worried about his mother and the whole situation in the family. He later wrote about his mother's share in such works as "Knight for an Hour", "Mother", "Last Songs". This woman inspired him. She was the prototype for the most beloved heroines, strong and persistent in spirit, able to survive in difficult conditions.
Mother has always remained a positive character in any poems. In addition to her, in some poems there are such heroes as the hero's sister, as well as his father. But while the first is his friend, helper, suffering from a cruel parent, the latter is described as a real despot.
love lyrics
This style of writing poetry suggests the presence of feelings. If the ancient Greeks called the lyrics of songs and ballads that tell about love, then nothing changed during the time of the poet.
The themes of Nekrasov's lyrics became even more intimate. It was love that inspired him to write new works.
However, the poet brought some other shades to it. If everyone else's love lyrics are sublime and very inspiring, then Nekrasov's is quite the opposite. His lovers become goofy, ironic and almost out of touch with reality.
Personal life
He got many ideas for his own from personal experiences and problems, they definitely left their mark on his lyrics. He loved three different women at the same time. Two of them were absolutely inaccessible to the poet.
It is possible that, calling his characters rebellious or out of touch with reality, he subconsciously sought to get the same life, experience the same emotions.
Civil lyrics by Nekrasov
Despite the fact that the poet's love lyrics shine through in almost every poem, it takes on a wide variety of forms: suffering in the Fatherland, experiences, fears and hopes. Nekrasov keenly felt all the injustice of the world of those times.
He himself fulfilled his duty to the country and urged others to be guided by their own head and heart, not forgetting to give themselves for the good of the Motherland. One of the most frequently quoted phrases of Nikolai Alekseevich says that even if a person never becomes a poet, he will always remain a citizen.
An example of such lyrics by Nekrasov is easy to find. But the most revealing is "The Poet and the Citizen". In it, the creator expresses all his thoughts about what an ideal resident of Russia should be like. Nekrasov talks about the morality of actions that will later influence the future generation.
The main line of this poem is the idea of the duty of everyone, which is to participate. Nekrasov's civic lyrics hint that anyone who sees other people's suffering should not just walk past them. He is obliged to help somehow, to protect the oppressed people.
Nekrasov focused for himself on the following personalities:
- Shevchenko;
- Dobrolyubov;
- Belinsky.
Their own essays and works were as socially poignant as Nekrasov's lyrics. Poems dedicated to these great geniuses speak of the invaluable contribution that they made to such an art form as literature.
Lesson 5 The main themes and ideas of the lyrics of N. A. Nekrasov
The purpose of the lesson: acquaintance with the theme of Nekrasov's lyrics, its originality.
Methodical methods: group work, student messages, poetry reading.
During the classes
I . Checking homework
1. Retelling the summary of the previous lesson.
2. Reading by heart "Favorite lines of N. A. Nekrasov."
II . Record, topic, epigraph, lesson plan
Epigraph:
Nekrasov is a whole poetic state,
living by its own laws.
R. Gamzatov
I I I. Teacher's word
N. A. Nekrasov is one of the three giants of Russian poetry of the 19th century. Continuing the traditions of his great predecessors - Pushkin and Lermontov, Nekrasov at the same time opened a new page in the history of our poetry. He paved his way in literature as an innovative poet. His poetic works caused heated debate: his poems were called close to prose, dissertations on given topics, but, nevertheless, Nekrasov immediately found his reader.
What is the unique feature of poetry and Nekrasov's innovation?
Nekrasov's poetry opened to readers the spiritual world of the Russian peasant, his needs, aspirations.
Nekrasov in his poems spoke about everyday non-poetic phenomena: about a dirty St. Petersburg street, about a peasant who beat his wives under a drunken hand, about the work of barge haulers, etc.
New heroes introduce new speech into poetry - sometimes “rough”, “dissonant”, from the point of view of supporters of “pure art”.
The intonations of live speech also influence the character of the verse, its rhythm, so Nekrasov widely uses three-syllable rhymes that convey various shades of a living human voice.
Polyphonism is characteristic of Nekrasov's lyrics: the voices of the author and the characters merge.
Nekrasov's lyrics are always among people, their life, fate deeply worries him. Therefore, his poetry is always social: it reflects the issues of society, the structure of human relations. Always imbued with citizenship.
This originality of Nekrasov's lyrics, of course, is also due to its themes and ideology.
I V . Reading and analysis of poems
- What are the main themes of Nekrasov's lyrics?
1. The theme of the poet and poetry.
Poems for reading and analysis: “Poet and citizen”, “Muse”, “Elegy”, “I will die soon”.
a) "The Poet and the Citizen" (1856)
- What are the characters in the poem talking about?
- Who won this dispute?
(There is no winner in the dispute: both the poet and the citizen come to the conclusion that the role of the artist in the life of society is so significant that it requires from him not only artistic talent, but also citizenship, active struggle for civic convictions).
b) The poem "Muse" sounds (1852)
- Who is Muse?
(Muse - 1. In Greek mythology: the patron goddess of the arts and sciences. 2. (transl. zn.) The source of poetic inspiration, as well as inspiration itself, creativity.)
- And how does the poet portray the Muse?
(The image of the Muse can be understood in different ways. On the one hand, the Muse is a peasant woman, because the peasant theme is among the poet’s especially exciting ones, on the other hand, the fate of the poet, apparently, is symbolically likened to the fate of a peasant woman: like her, the poet is persecuted and Finally, we can consider this image as a capacious metaphor: a peasant woman is poetry itself, doomed in the era of Nekrasov to somewhat diminish its dignity, to “pretend to be prose” for a while, as if in fact to be “silent” for some time)
Also in the poem "Muse" the image of the "pale, in blood, excised Muse with a whip", "crying, grieving and aching, thirsty all the time, humbly asking ... bent by labor, killed by grief", "unkind and unloved" is concretized.
The image of a Russian woman appeared in Nekrasov as an image of his poetry itself, and an image of Russian life in all its facets, which the poet created in his work.
c) "Elegy" (1874)
In a letter to A. N. Ermakov (A. N. Ermakov was a railway engineer, a sympathetic and kind person, with great artistic taste. After the death of his wife, Nekrasova's sister, Anna Alekseevna, raised Ermakov's children, and later married him) 29 August 1874 Nekrasov wrote: “I am sending you poems. Since these are my most sincere and beloved of the ones I have written lately, I dedicate them to you, my dearest friend.
We write down the definition of the genre of elegy.
Elegy - a genre of a poem in which moods of sad reflection, grief, philosophical reflections are expressed.
- Why did Nekrasov choose the elegy genre?
- What is the first stanza of the poem about? To whom is she addressed?
(In the first stanza, the poet addresses the youth, speaks of the plight of the people and defines the high purpose of his poetry.)
- What is the second stanza of the poem about?
(In the second stanza, the poet expressed his attitude to the reform of 1861 and continues to develop the theme of serving the people).
- What explains the abundance of rhetorical questions in the second part of the third stanza? What is the point of these questions?
(Thinking about what he sees and hears around, the poet concretizes the rhetorical question that ends the second stanza).
- What is the fourth stanza of the poem about?
(Nekrasov talks about how inspiration comes to him and how the search for answers to secret questions "results in a loud, wide song).
- So, how is the people represented in the "elegy"? What can be said about Nekrasov after reading the poem "Elegy"?
(He is a man who knows how not to be deceived, to look and think. A poet who creates works not for the sake of glory, but for the sake of his conscience. A purposeful artist, although he knows hesitations and mistakes. But in the main he is a man and a poet, I am sure: you can only live in service people, not yourself. You can't be happy while the people are in trouble. He is a courageous and wise man. A true friend. He has never been indifferent to the fate of young people, their path in life. Finally, this is a poet who creates from an inner free impulse.
Nekrasov's muse is suffering, glorifying the people, calling for struggle, protesting, sympathizing with the people. The poet must be with the people, serve the people).
2. The theme of the motherland and the people.
teacher's word
This theme is closely connected with the patriotism and nationality of Nekrasov's poetry. Therefore, let us consider how Nekrasov first introduced the image of the people into Russian poetry; barge haulers, petitioning peasants, railroad builders - all of them are in the center of the poet's attention.
The poet himself explains his appeal to the people as follows: “Each writer conveys what he deeply felt. Since it fell to my lot from childhood to see the suffering of a Russian peasant from cold, hunger and all sorts of cruelties, I take motives for my poems from among them. (From the memoirs of Panaeva).
Poems for reading: “Reflections at the front door”, “Railway”, “Forgotten village”, “Schoolboy”, “Uncompressed lane”, “In full swing ...”
a) "Reflections at the front door"
This poem was written in 1858. In the original version of "Reflections ...", the author expressed the hope that the people would forget their sad songs, like a groan, and sing a cheerful song. The final version lacks this optimistic certainty.
- What compositional features of the poem can you highlight?
(The composition of this poem, like any work, is of particular interest. Even with a cursory reading of "Reflections ..." it becomes clear that the main feature of the poem is the striking contrast of the two worlds (on the one hand - "the owner of luxurious chambers", on the other - the destitute poor) .
The opposing themes alternate in the text of the poem: the description of the magnificent front entrance precedes the scene with the peasants who approached him, were not allowed by the porter and went back; then it is reported about the nobleman, his life and probable future fate, and two lines are inserted into this message (and break it into two parts), reminiscent of the departed peasants; then the poet returns to the theme of popular suffering and ends the poem with it. Thoughts about poverty sometimes slip through the descriptions of luxury in which the powers that be are drowning, but these thoughts are not formed as independent themes-components and, therefore, do not change the overall compositional plan. Transitions from one topic to another are made using various techniques, with varying degrees of clarity (or sharpness)).
b) "Forgotten Village"
- What is this poem about? What pictures come to mind when reading this poem?
(This poem touches on one of the saddest themes of Russian literature. We recall Goncharov's Oblomovka, Chekhov's "Cherry Orchard", which were once a kind of earthly paradise. But new times have come, and the owners are leaving their possessions. However, not about the "owners" Nekrasov was sad. The author probably regrets that after all the changes the peasants did not feel better, although he does not openly express his feelings.)
- Can this poem be called lyrical?
(This poem cannot be considered completely lyrical: there is no lyrical hero in it, this obsessive self with its sorrow, indignation, confession. Instead of all this, there is a story, and the intonation of the narrator is slightly ironic, as if he did not sympathize with anyone at all.)
(But with all Nekrasov’s restraint, readers did not miss something grandiose between the lines: the forgotten village is all of Russia! The poem was published in 1856, and Nikolai died a year earlier I - an old gentleman from whom no one expected anything good. It will hardly be better under the new master - Alexander I I . It can be interpreted as such.)
Showing the hard life of the people, their suffering, the poet convinces us of one thing: he cannot continue like this forever, the time will come, not soon, but it will come when the people “pave a wide, clear chest for themselves.” But first, the people need to be enlightened, to help them realize their mighty power, which was to be done by the people's spade
3. The ideal of a public figure.
The ideal appears in the work of Nekrasov, permeated with boundless love for the motherland, capable of giving his life in the name of her. An example of high honesty, spiritual nobility, selfless service to the motherland, we see in the poem "The Memory of Dobrolyubov" (1864). We listen to a poem.
teacher's word
The personal feeling of a citizen-fighter fills the poem "In Memory of Dobrolyubov". If in the first lines the poet seems to hold back his feelings: severe, courageous grief sounds only in the subtext, it is expressed only in the fact that addressing a friend as if he were alive, saying “you” to him, the poet at the same time says in the past tense: “ You were harsh ... ”But the brighter the image of the deceased rises in the poet’s memory, the more tragic the feeling of irretrievable loss becomes.
The last two lines, reminiscent of Horatio's exclamation over the corpse of Hamlet, have become winged, since they so strongly express grief over the death of a great man.
At the end of the poem, Nekrasov moves from thinking about a dead friend, teacher, to thoughts about his native land, about human life. On the highest note, as if the throat was intercepted by pain and there is no more strength to speak, the poem breaks off.
In the poet's poetic reflections on the friends of the people, the features of positive heroes, the best people of the time and unique individual portraits of Dobrolyubov and Belinsky are captured. In the work of Nekrasov, the theme "Belinsky" was not only deeply personal, but also socially important. In 1853, when Belinsky's name was under censorship, the poet published the poem "In Memory of a Friend" (on the fifth anniversary of his friend's death). Belinsky is also dedicated to the poems “V. G. Belinsky "(1855)," Unfortunate "(1856).
Nekrasov devoted all his work to the people. And seriously ill, he did not stop thinking about him. Thus, the poem "To the Sowers" is a call to continue the struggle for the liberation of the people. Sowers are public figures, people's intercessors, who must bring the seeds of truth to the people.
4. Nekrasov-satirist.
Nekrasov entered Russian poetry not only as a citizen poet, patriot, folk singer, but also as a satirist. Irony is a strong weapon of Nekrasov's poetry. In "Lullaby" (1845), the poet satirically depicts the typical career of an official
- What is the tone of the poem?
- What is the relationship of the poet to his hero?
Students listen to the reading of the poem "A Moral Man".
- Who is the hero of this poem?
(The hero speaks for himself, but the reader is indignant. The poet also treats the hero with mockery. Sometimes he exposes himself, shows his vile soul).
- What did the author want to tell us about morality?
(Nekrasov wanted to show how flexible the concept of morality has become, how easy it is to apply to any person, even such as the hero of the poem.)
5. Love lyrics by Nekrasov
Speaking of Nekrasov's poetry, one cannot fail to note his love lyrics. The poet's predecessors preferred to depict this feeling in beautiful moments. Nekrasov, poetizing the ups and downs of love, did not ignore the "prose of life", which is inevitable in love.
The poem sounds "You and I are stupid people ..."
- What kind of love do we see in the works of Nekrasov?
(Love in Nekrasov's poems warms a person, helps to survive in a cruel world.)
teacher's word
The love of the poet himself was also dramatic, linking him for many years with Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva. She was his happiness and torment, caused a whole series of love poems, known as the Panaev cycle. Lovers meet, quarrel, reconcile, part, remember, And in this "novel" the ideal of a caring, affectionate woman is affirmed - a friend as a support in a difficult life struggle, as a healer of a poet experiencing creative and heartfelt torments.
Homework
1. Make a written analysis of any poem.
2. "Genre and composition of the poem "To whom in Rus' it is good to live."
3. Know the content of the poem "Frost, Red Nose."
Through all the work of Nekrasov passes the image of the road, which is a symbol of the way of the cross of Russia in search of happiness and the meaning of life.
Often in the works of Nekrasov one and the same motive is found - a meeting of people of different social classes, who either try to understand each other, or are hostile towards each other.
The main themes of Nekrasov's lyrics:
1. The theme of the motherland and nature.
(“Silence”, 1857; “Knight for an Hour”, 1862; “On the Volga”, 1860; “Before the Rain”, 1846; “Green Noise”, 1862; “Motherland”, 1846)
"Motherland".
Reading a poem.
Question: What memories of the poet's childhood are reflected in the poem?
"Knight for an Hour".
Reading a poem.
1) What is the mood of the poem?
2) What is the meaning of the name?
3) What role does the image of the church and the image of the Apostle Paul with a sword play in Nekrasov's poem?
"Motherland", "Knight for an hour". The poet's painful memories of childhood, father, mother are reflected in the poems... Autobiographical authenticity is combined with broad generalizations. The poet's homeland is the Volga, landowners' lands, a garden, a house. This is all of Russia. The image of a beautiful but desecrated homeland is associated with the image of a mother.
"Before the Rain", "Green Noise".
Reading poetry.
(On the example of poems, show the originality of the Nekrasov landscape.)
Nekrasov's nature is always in motion: the autumn rain is about to fall. Unexpectedly, the poet takes the reader from the world of nature ("Before the Rain") to the world of social relations - the gendarme is carrying the arrested person along a muddy road. The poem expresses the poet's anger and sympathy for the one whose appearance is guessed behind the figure of the gendarme.
In "Green Noise" only a poet who infinitely loves Russian nature could draw a beautiful spring landscape.
2. Image of the hard life of the Russian people. (The fate of the "little man", the fate of a peasant woman.)
(“Poems: “Peddlers”, 1861; “Frost, Red Nose”, 1861 Poems: “On the Road”, 1845; “Troika”, 1846; “Am I going at night ...”, etc. )
"On the road".
Reading a poem.
1) What human drama do we learn from the poem and what is its cause?
2) What torments Grusha, except for work?
3) Why is she crying - is it only from overwork? What portrait is she looking at?
4) Is the coachman husband guilty, does he deserve reproach for not being able to understand his wife?
“On the Road” is a story about two broken destinies: the narrator-coachman and his wife, the unfortunate Grusha, who was brought up in a master's family from a young age according to a master's whim. Married to a peasant, she seems to be "a stranger among her own." “The peasant himself appears, as it were, in a new quality, as a person with his own private fate, with his own individual misfortune. The common destinies of the people are expressed as a private variant, a personal destiny. The image of a Russian country road appears in the poem.
"Troika".
Reading a poem.
1) What is your impression after reading the poem?
2) Why is Nekrasov so grieving over the fate of the girl?
3) What are the two life roads that open before the girl, does the poet draw?
4) What does the future terrible world bring, which we guess in the frantic gallop of the troika and the intoxicated frenzy of the coachman?
The image of the “rushing”, “mad” troika, bordering the poem, is a symbol of an unfulfilled, elusive dream, elusive happiness and hope. "Know your place, servant!"
3. The theme of popular intercession. Images of the Leaders of Revolutionary Democracy in Nekrasov's Lyrics.
(“In Memory of a Friend”, 1853; poem “V. G. Belinsky”, 1855; “Prophet”, 1874; “Elegy”, 1874; “In Memory of Dobrolyubov”, 1864, etc. )
Implementation of homework: read by heart "In Memory of Dobrolyubov", analyze the poem.
"In memory of Dobrolyubov".
Reading a poem.
1) Tell us about the time when the poem was written.
These are the years of reaction, the incredible cruelty of the government towards those dissatisfied with the predatory "peasant reform". Nekrasov "loses" his like-minded friends. It took a lot of courage for the poet to endure in a difficult struggle.
2) What is the ideal of a public figure expressed by the poet in the poem?
This is a man who passionately loves the motherland, courageous, restrained, ready to give his life for the happiness of the motherland and people. Nekrasov mourns for an early departed friend:
What a lamp of reason has gone out!
What heart stopped beating!
4. The theme of Decembrism. The chanting of the feat of the Decembrists.
The poem "Grandfather" (1870).
Nekrasov refers to the era of the Decembrists. Years of exile and hard labor could not change the views of the grandfather-Decembrist. His character is gradually revealed to his grandson Sasha. The young hero is imbued with the nobility and beauty of the grandfather's people-loving ideals.
