The scheme of threading in a manual sewing machine. Bobbin for sewing machine

Sewing devices can be divided into modern models and old-style machines. The latter can still be used today, especially if you need to sew a product from thick and coarse fabric.

To work, you need to understand the settings of the device and learn how to properly thread the thread.

Old sewing machines: characteristics, features, models

Old-style devices are easier to operate than modern counterparts. They have fewer features and are able to perform a minimum number of sewing operations. Older cars have manual controls. The body of the devices is metal, so they are heavy.

Singer (has a long shuttle, a massive flywheel, a manual drive with two gears);
"Podolsk" (was popular in the days of the former USSR, equipped with a manual and foot drive, includes a central bobbin shuttle device);
"Veritas" (distinguished by a shuttle rotating in a circle, capable of sweeping loops and performing a zigzag line);
"Seagull" (has a swinging shuttle);
"Tula" (Soviet-made device, includes elements of industrial machines, difficult to repair and adjust).

Additional Information! Often, instead of the name Singer, you can find Zinger. This is due to the fact that the first manufacturer's devices in Russia were delivered by a German distributor who used the letter Z. But the correct variant is the name of the machines - Singer

Does the process of threading old sewing machines differ from modern ones?

The refueling scheme of the old machine is the same as that of modern devices. The difference may be in the design of the device. Not all older models are equipped with a tensioner, so the thread is passed through the thread guide and then inserted into the eye of the needle.

What do you need for refueling

To work, you need a sewing machine, a spool of thread and a bobbin. Threads are selected depending on the type and thickness of the processed fabric. The bobbin is a small spool that feeds thread from the bottom.

The operating instructions for the device will help to properly charge the machine. If it has been lost, you can find information with diagrams and photos on the Internet.

General instructions for threading the sewing machine

Before work, you need to select the threads of a suitable thickness and the corresponding needle number. The choice depends on the texture and density of the material that will be used to sew the product.

How to thread an old sewing machine:

Rewind the thread from the spool to the bobbin.
Install the coil on the top pin.
Thread the top thread.
Check thread tension.
Insert and pull out the bobbin thread.
Thread the upper and lower threads behind the foot.

Important! The bobbin is wound with thread from the same spool that is installed for the upper

Detailed diagram: how to fill an old-style sewing machine

Setting up an old sewing device, like a modern one, begins with the selection of suitable threads and a needle. The needle is used even, without defects, with a number corresponding to the type of fabric and thread. You need to insert it into the needle holder until it stops (the large groove should be turned to the left).

The first step is threading the top thread:

Raise the needle by turning the handwheel.
Put the coil on the rod from above.
Pull the thread through the thread guide.
Pass the thread under the tensioner and thread the springs into the loop.
Pull the thread up and thread it into the eye of the thread guide.
Lead the thread guide behind the second and third (instead of them there may be a hook on the needle holder, the thread is threaded into it and threaded into the eye of the needle).
Insert thread into needle.
Raise the thread take-up lever.

The second stage is threading the lower thread:

Wind the thread onto the bobbin.
Insert the bobbin into the hook (the end of the thread should come out).
Place the shuttle in the socket on the cavity of the machine platform (a click should be heard).
Make a full turn of the handle to adjust the thread tension.
Pull the thread up.
Thread the upper and lower threads under the presser foot.

Important! The flywheel is turned only in the direction "on itself". Reverse rotation will tangle and break the thread

Sewing machine threading errors

The thread is not threaded correctly if it forms rings or the stitching begins to loop. The cause of the malfunction lies in the weak tension of the upper or lower thread. To fix the problem, you need to check if the thread guide is working properly. If he does not tighten the thread enough, correct the mistake.

Causes of malfunctions during refueling:

use of threads and needles that are not suitable for the fabric;
incorrect needle placement;
jamming of the spring responsible for the tension of the threads;
damaged bobbin;
the thickness of the lower thread is greater than the upper one;
the thread is too tight.

Checking if threading is correct

After refueling the sewing machine, turn the handwheel. The work is done correctly if, when the needle is raised and lowered from the hole in the plate, a loop is formed on the upper thread from the lower thread.

Incorrectly threaded thread: possible malfunctions

If you thread the thread incorrectly, it will ruin the stitching and break. Improper threading will make the product impossible to sew and may damage the mechanisms of the sewing unit.

In order for the work on the old-style machine to be effective, it is necessary to thoroughly study the instructions and set the necessary settings. Threading directly affects the quality of the sewn item. This process is not much different from threading in modern devices, but has some nuances. In the video below, see how to thread an old Singer sewing machine and how to work on it.

Sewing with a sewing machine begins with setting it up and carefully threading it. In order to get only positive emotions from the sewing process at the machine, it is important to know exactly how to correctly thread a thread, a double needle, a bobbin into a sewing machine.

General procedure

In order for the line to be beautiful and durable, it is important to observe one of the basic conditions for effective work: the lower and upper threads must be of the same thickness and quality.

General provisions, in what order to thread the sewing machine:

Important! The quality of the completed filling can be checked. To do this, turn the flywheel so that the needle goes down and up again. With one revolution of the shaft, a loop should be obtained.

Top threading

The refueling process has rules, only there are differences in nuances depending on the brand of the machine and the configuration.

Refueling scheme

Refueling scheme:

The coil, designed to perform stitching, is installed on a special pin located on the surface of the device body.
The thread is passed through the mount on the body.
Then it is carried out between two plates compressed by a spring.
They are tucked into a hook on a compensating spring.
Pass through the hole of the thread guide (thread take-up).
They pass through a rigidly fixed fastener (thread guide and thread guide hook), which is installed near the needle directly on the body.
Thread - into the needle, then - under the foot.

Threading the lower thread

First you need to bring the bobbin, which is a coil of metal or plastic, into working condition. A thread is wound around it, which, when sewing, will be from the bottom of the matter.

For good winding on the machine, there is a special small pin on which a bobbin is placed with several turns of thread made by hand. She is fixed there.

Most often, the pin is located near the main shaft. The coil, which is directly wound, is placed on the holder.

The bobbin winder can have an explanation right on the machine body

The flywheel is switched to the bobbin winding mode and by pressing the pedal or turning the handle, winding is performed from the bobbin. After winding is completed, the bobbin spool is taken from the holder and threaded into a cap specially designed for this.

How is winding

Attention! Different machine dealers may have different arrangements.

Inserting the lower thread into the sewing machine is carried out in several stages:

Winding the bobbin to get started.
After that, it is inserted into the bobbin case. The end of the wound thread is carried out so that it passes through the slot between two narrow elements. They are attached with a screw that serves to adjust the thread tension.
Mandatory tension check.
Next, the bobbin case is installed in the shuttle.

All actions must be performed clearly and accurately. If the sequence is violated, the machine will not function smoothly.

To answer the question of how to insert a bobbin, you will need skill and accuracy in performing the following actions:

You can read the opinion of an expert on the article on the site.

Threading the twin needle

A double needle in the device can be indispensable when the product needs to be decorated with a double stitch (flat or zigzag). For refueling, you will need another coil. They both must be the same.

In a manual sewing machine or a foot sewing machine, there are two holders for spools on the body. Then both ends pass together through the hole in the thread take-up.

double needles

A double needle is installed based on the same requirements as a regular one. The groove on the needles through which the upper thread is to slide must be positioned correctly.

Work order:

A double needle is installed. Is fixed.
Both spools are placed on the body of the sewing machine and the threads are passed together as it was supposed to thread only one.
The lower thread guides, located directly next to the needle, should divide them into two.
Each of them is threaded into the corresponding needle and taken back under the foot.

Important! Make sure that the attached presser foot is designed for the use of a twin needle.

Correct installation

When sewing things, a double needle is not much different from the usual. The work uses two upper threads and one lower. For a better line, its tension must be slightly loosened.

In order for sewing on a typewriter to bring only positive emotions, you must follow the following recommendations:

Lower the presser foot before you start sewing.
It is important to correctly select the thickness of the thread and needle relative to the fabric.
The thread at the bottom and on the spool should be the same.
For convenience, it is desirable to have several bobbins with different thread colors.
Damaged needles should be discarded without regret.
Sewing machine mechanisms should be regularly cleaned and lubricated.
The handle of the sewing machine should rotate "on itself". At the same time, it absolutely cannot be turned in the opposite direction. To sew the stitch backwards, move the stitch length regulator “up” (for the Seagull brand machine).
Before work, both the upper and lower threads must be tucked under the foot, with the ends “away from you”.
After finishing work, place a piece of fabric under the foot. Paw - lower.
When working with fluffy materials, periodic cleaning of mechanisms, especially the shuttle, must be performed more often than when working with non-flowing materials, such as cotton.
It is necessary to protect the sewing machine from mechanical damage, temperature extremes, humidity and dampness.
When working with a foot sewing machine, it is necessary that the belt from the pulley passes over the starting wheel connected to the pedal. After work, the belt is removed from the starting wheel to prevent it from stretching.

Sewing machine "Seagull"

In order for the sewing machine to serve for a long time, it must be carefully maintained. It must be remembered that being in poor condition, she will not be able to fulfill her main purpose - to sew.

When buying a new model of a sewing machine, many questions arise with the device of the needle and how to properly thread the thread. However, in order to no longer have problems, you either need to train for a long time, or understand the sewing needle itself. The needle has found its current shape thanks to the developers of the Singer brand and now on all modern models it has the following shape:

With a thickened flask with a cut off part, the needle is inserted all the way into the needle bar;

The sewing needle ends with a point and grooves of different shapes and sizes.

In some older models of machines, needles with a round bulb are still used, their installation is somewhat different from the updated form. Such needles are also used in industrial machines.

When using complex sewing devices from foreign manufacturers, you must first read the instruction manual, which will tell you which side to insert the needle and thread. However, it is worth remembering a few recommendations that apply to any model of a machine for home use. To replace the needle, you must first put the needle bar in the upper position, then unscrew the fastening screw with a special screwdriver, whose length does not exceed 12 cm, otherwise it simply will not fit in the distance between the sleeve and the holder. For error-free installation of the needle, it is recommended to use a mirror.

When the electromechanical machine is completely ready for threading, you can proceed, while the machine must be turned on. First you need to wind the thread on the bobbin. To do this, you need to install a spool of thread on a special rod on top of the machine and stretch the thread around the tension disk of the prepared bobbin. Then the bobbin winder moves to the right to fix the position. Then gently start winding by simply pressing the pedal of the machine. The machine will automatically stop when the bobbin is ready for further work. Next, you need to remove the coil from the holder by simply pushing it to the left.

After winding the bobbin or if there is already a wound bobbin, you can start working by first threading the needle:

If everything is done correctly, then you are provided with a beautiful, even line without skipping stitches and constantly torn threads. If the stitch quality is not ideal, it is recommended to rethread the thread.

How to thread an industrial sewing machine?

Industrial sewing equipment is much more complicated than conventional sewing machines for the home. However, knowing certain tricks when threading, you can easily master this science on your own. First, the thread can be threaded into the guide plate from either side. Secondly, when winding the thread on the bobbin, it is necessary to remove the thread from the needle hole to avoid tangling. The presser foot should be raised so that the teeth do not wear out too quickly. Thirdly, if a piece of napkin or office paper is placed in the bobbin case, the bobbin will slide tighter. Otherwise, the process of threading in industrial machines is no different from ordinary household, electromechanical machines.

Sewing machine stitch quality and other problems

To start working on a sewing machine of any type, you first need to make basic settings. The most basic is threading. It is very difficult for beginner seamstresses to do this manipulation for the first time due to ignorance of the mechanism of the device. To carry out all the steps correctly, you need to know the principle of how to thread a sewing machine correctly and without disrupting the operation of the device.

How to properly thread a standard sewing machine

It is easy to figure out how to insert a thread into a sewing machine if the work is carried out on a modern device of an electrical or electromechanical type.

Example of threading on a Minerva model

Minerva is currently the most popular firm. There are many models that differ in the complexity of the arrangement, functional aspects, and the number of operations. But there is one thing in common between them - the principle of threading.

Note! Another popular company is Veritas. The principle of threading is completely identical to Minerva.

The advantage of modern sewing devices is the presence of an electric principle of operation, so the procedure for winding the bobbin and further actions. The standard filling pattern can be used in other similar models of modern production.

Installing the bobbin

The most important step is to load the bobbin. The principle of winding the thread and fixing the element (using the example of Minerva) is as follows:

The structure of the mechanism for fixing the bobbin

You need to remove the removable work table. To do this, the plastic plate must be moved to the left and completely removed. On a certain model, the principle of removing the table may be modified.
The case has a plastic door. Open compartment. Behind it you can see the bobbin mechanism that needs to be removed. Pre-raise the needle using the handwheel. To do this, just pull the “setting finger” towards you.
Pull the bobbin out of the mechanism. Install the tool on the top pin. Pull the "yarn" from the spool to the bobbin, using special windings to hold it. Thread the thread through the hole in the bobbin to secure it completely.
Press the pedal, having previously set the "Idle" mode. The bobbin will automatically be threaded. You can use a flywheel, but this winding principle will be long, as it is done manually.

Fixing and filling the bobbin

It is necessary to correctly install the bobbin in the mechanism and the machine itself. Insert the device into the mechanism so that the thread is located clockwise relative to the slot. Then the bobbin element is placed in place, while you need to hold the "working finger". On most machines, the principle of installing the bobbin is made in accordance with such a mechanism.

Upper threading

The sewing mechanism of any device model is designed in such a way that 2 threads are involved in the work - upper and lower. The easiest way is to place the top one. Arrangement algorithm:

Pull the thread, using the prompts, pull the thread through the fasteners on the body of the fixture.
Be sure to pass the thread through the fasteners, which are responsible for the thread tension and the hole responsible for the compensation spring.
Insert the yarn near the foot into the thread guide.
Next, pass through the guide hook and only then thread it into the eye of the needle.

Top threading principle

At this stage, the arrangement of the upper mechanism is completed. The yarn can be inserted into the needle manually, aiming at the eye, or you can use the automatic needle threader - a special mechanism for introducing material for sewing into the eye of the needle. It is located on the left side of the foot and is adjustable with a lever.

Threading the lower thread

After installing the bobbin mechanism, the introduction of yarn into work is carried out. The main thing is to correctly insert the bobbin and place the sewing mechanism in it. Next, the thread is pulled up under the foot.

Threading the lower thread

Switch off the device and use the side wheel to lower the needle. In this case, it is worth holding the tip of the thread threaded into the eye of the needle. Making one scroll, the top yarn catches the bottom. By pulling up on the top tip, you can pull out the material that comes out of the bobbin.

Checking if threading is correct

The correct threading option is checked in several stages. First, the location of the threads. The lower one should lie under the shoulder blade, and the upper one should be located between the teeth of the shoulder blade.

Another refueling is checked by the quality of the line. You need to take a small piece of fabric. Sew textiles with several types of stitches. If the thread breaks or is difficult to pass, then you need to adjust the mount, which is responsible for the tension of the material.

Checking the quality of threaded thread

It is quite simple to make a check, the procedure will not take much time and will give complete information about the device settings.

You will be interested Simple patterns and instructions for sewing shorts with a high waist

Detailed diagram: how to fill an old-style sewing machine

Older models of sewing machines have a slightly more complicated system, so threading here will be more difficult. But if you know the detailed algorithm, then there will be no problems with setting up the device. Procedures are carried out in 2 stages: top filling, bottom.

Threading an old style sewing machine

Additional Information! Each old model has its own thread guide route, so you need to carefully carry out the procedure without bypassing a single hook.

Scheme for setting up the mechanism:

The needle must be in the up position. Fix the coil on the rod. Draw the thread in accordance with the route of the thread guide. Place the material under the tension regulator and push it into the spring. Use the thread guide (thread guide near the needle). Insert the material into the eye of the needle.
Step-by-step algorithm for the implementation of the second stage. Thread the bobbin, insert into the hook. Fasten the shuttle itself to the socket, which is located under the fixture platform. Use the knob to adjust the thread tension. Pull yarn up.

Important! In the process of adjusting the tension, you need to turn the wheel in the direction “away from you”. Otherwise, the yarn will break or become tangled.

Refueling cars with old arrangement mechanism

To fix the result, you need to connect the upper and lower parts of the thread, wrap the ends behind the foot.

Diagram: how to thread a Singer sewing machine

Sewing machines of the Singer brand are distinguished by the complexity of the device and can be amateur sewing equipment and professional machines. Mostly at home, old equipment of this brand is used, since new samples are quite expensive.

Fixing the bobbin mechanism in the Singer of a new sample

note! All Singer models are divided into 2 categories: with one or two thread guides. The threading algorithm depends on the type of the “route” device.

Instructions for mounting sewing yarn:

Disconnect the machine from the mains (take your foot off the pedal in mechanical models).
Raise the needle to its highest position using the side wheel. Lower the presser foot onto the sewing platform.
Fix the coil on a special pin.
Pass the yarn through thread guide #1. Pass the fabric through the second thread guide, if there is one.
Be sure to fix the material in the thread tension regulator.
Pull through recess in tensioner.
Fix in the hook the material that is located above the needle itself.
Insert thread into needle.

Old Singer Threading Model

According to the usual scheme, the lower thread is inserted - you need to wind the yarn on the bobbin for sewing. An automatic winding mechanism can be used as an assistant.

Possible errors in threading

It is important not only to correctly thread and start the process, but also to avoid mistakes that can aggravate the sewing procedure. Although the algorithm for mounting the upper and lower threads is simple, some flaws can degrade the performance of the device.

What to look for when assembling yarn:

After mounting the thread, be sure to use a test piece of fabric to check the operation of the mechanism. High or low material tension can distort the shape and size of the seam.
The material may be poorly fixed by the hook, which is responsible for the tension of the thread.
The yarn may turn over or twist. To solve this problem, it is important to correctly adjust the tension of the material that is fixed on the bobbin.
Incorrectly selected threads at the bottom and top of the mechanism. If you put on threads of different texture and density, the seam will be uneven and slightly deformed.

Problems during thread installation

You can add a few more points that will reveal the main problems, but they are quite elementary and easily detected during the assembling of yarn.

Depending on the model and “age” of the sewing machine, a more detailed principle of threading is determined. In general, the procedure is carried out in several stages: mounting the material in the upper part of the fixture, the bottom and laying the threads. It will not be difficult to thread a thread in accordance with the route - all stages in modern models are almost completely automated. Old samples are more complicated in terms of automation, but are easy to "train".

Without threading, no sewing machine will be able to start working. A thread is that component without which it is impossible to sew the same or different types of matter: in this case, one would have to resort to other methods and technologies that differ from sewing.

Preparatory stage

Make sure there are no threads in the machine that you do not need now. If they are present, they are easy to pull out.

Check the position of the upper thread tensioner. It must be in good working order, all parts must be in place. If there are villi from the previous threads, clean the tensioner with a brush. Pull out and inspect the hook, bobbin with a cap for the presence of notches.

Think about the last time you lubricated the mechanism. If it was a long time ago, for example, more than six months have passed, disassemble the machine, check the condition of the mechanisms.

Clean them if necessary. Use industrial or engine oil to lubricate moving moving parts. Assemble the machine, plug it into the network and run it idle for a minute.

Make sure that during the test run, all mechanisms work smoothly, clearly. Shouldn't be slowing down when you do not expect it, as well as the movement of mechanisms with a noticeable effort.

Set the hook back in place, insert a needle that matches the thickness of the upper thread with which you are going to sew fabrics of a specific thickness and texture. For household sewing machines, needles with a flask cut along one side are used.

The nuances of refueling, depending on the type of machine

Correctly threading the sewing thread is easy. In any sewing machine, there are only 2 threading stages: pulling the upper (into the needle) and lower (through the shuttle mechanism) threads.

A machine with two or more needles is the lot of true professionals, which, according to the project for sewing an element of clothing or accessory, need the same number of seams at the same time. How many needles, so many stages of dressing: each needle sews with its own thread, independent of the “neighbor”. Multi-needle and multi-reel machines are, in fact, a mini-sewing conveyor that speeds up sewing as much as the number of needles used on this device.

The simplest option is a double needle machine: two top threads are used here. They are threaded from the same side. For each needle, its own "descent" on the needle bar is used here. The coils on the machine are located at the top on both sides of the working axis of the needle bar.

But with a double (triple or more) needle, it is not recommended to use a needle threader - you can damage it with the needle next to the one being threaded at the moment.

In single-needle household Soviet machines, for example, the old generation Singer, Podolsk, Chaika, PMZ, the top and bottom threading approximately coincides according to the general scheme. There is no need to give any special advice here. The sequence of actions can be any - it doesn’t matter if you thread the upper or lower thread first, the result will be the same.

But before proceeding with threading, it is necessary to introduce a division of machines according to the type of drive: manual, foot and electric (electromechanical device).

Manual

A manual machine was previously considered to be the type in which, instead of an electric motor, a drive shaft was combined with a special lever with a gear gear, which, in contact with the main one, spun it, forcing the rest of the mechanisms to work from the kinetic energy transmitted by this “twist”.

But today, online stores sell the simplest single-thread sewing stapler - a portable device with one spool, which, in addition to the needle holder, has the simplest thread guide, tensioner (like the one in Soviet machines), and the simplest shuttle. The bobbin mechanism - and with it the lower thread - is completely absent, that is, the “stapler” stitcher is “one-sided”. The broach of the upper (single) thread is performed in almost a matter of seconds. If the thread is chosen exactly according to the thickness and stiffness of the fabric, you can start sewing, but you will have to move the fabric manually at each stitch.

There is also a motorized (electric) version of the sewing stapler - a single-thread portable sewing machine. It is equipped with the simplest collector motor, powered by direct current with a voltage of several volts. The fabric mover, which has teeth, moves the fabric automatically. However, on such a machine there are no protective guides that prevent the fabric from moving to the side and the appearance of a crooked seam.

Sewing is started by a button on top, but enterprising users remove it and connect such a machine through a foot-pressed switch. The fact is that hands must hold and guide the fabrics to be sewn on both sides - otherwise the seam, again, will come out crooked.

So, to thread the upper thread in a classic sewing machine (and not in the sewing stapler that we just talked about), do the following.

Put the spool on the pin in the upper part of the body and unwind half a meter of thread (or more) from it.
Pass the needle through the upper thread guide and tensioner, which has a spring-loaded screw (or nut on a bolt). The thread is clamped between the brackets facing the convex side to each other.
Pass the thread through the eye of the take-up lever, and then through the “loop” on the needle bar.
Pass the thread into the eye of the needle already inserted in the holder, pass it through the cut of the foot - and take it to the side (away from you).

Follow the steps below to skip the bobbin thread.

Open the lower compartment by sliding the protective (closing) plate to the side and pull out the cap with the bobbin.
Insert the bobbin onto the winder shaft and fix it there.
Switch the machine to bobbin winding mode. At the same time, the needle bar mechanism and the shuttle will be immobilized - the force from the “twist” will be transferred directly to the “winder”, and not to the main sewing mechanisms. Switching between the modes of sewing and winding the bobbin is carried out using a special lever that removes the intermediate shaft of the main mechanism and transfers it to the gears of the winder.
Put the spool of thread on the lower pin, located immediately below the "winder".
Unwind a little thread from this spool and pass its end to the bobbin.
Lower the pinch roller holding the bobbin on the axle and start turning the torque arm. With your other hand, guide the thread onto the bobbin to prevent it from winding up and becoming tangled.
Unwind 10-20 cm of thread from the bobbin. Insert the filled bobbin into the cap and insert the cap into the hook mechanism. It should click into place in the holder.
Pass the end of the thread through the bobbin tensioner.
Close the protective plate and bring the end of the thread from the bobbin under the foot - in the same cut. Pull the thread in the same direction as the top.

Now you can prepare the fabrics for stitching.

Remember to move the switch lever (next to the bobbin winder) back to the “Sewing” position.

foot

Leg machines of old generations in terms of threading are generally no different from manual ones. The mechanisms and devices included in their composition are placed on the body and under it in the same way. The difference is manifested only in the fact that the sewing operator does not rotate the hand crank, but rhythmically shakes with both feet a long transverse pedal wound on an external gearbox using wooden or plastic guides. The large gear ratio on the drive wheel transmits torque to the drive shaft of the machine through an external drive belt.

Remotely, such a device resembles an elevator car in the entrance of an apartment building, working in reverse: the motor raises the elevator car to the desired floor through the gear wheel, and the cabin itself, descending back down, rotates the engine through the same gear wheel. Old foot machines, like manual ones, are completely autonomous - they do not require electricity.

To thread the foot sewing machine, follow the instructions above for manual devices. Currently, foot sewing machines have been superseded by the simplest hand-held units and much more advanced electric ones.

Electrical

Refueling an old (Soviet) electric sewing machine, for example, Podolsk or Singer, is no different from its manual predecessors. Only the "Seagull" differs in the location of the tensioner, guides and the upper thread tension lever - they are located in front, on the user's side, and not on the side. But the filling of the upper thread in the "Seagulls" is about the same.

With modern sewing machines, such as those manufactured by Brother, the procedure for the upper and lower threads is as follows.

Put the coil on its pin- on top of the body of the machine.
Pull some thread off the spool.
Attach the end of the thread to the bobbin. Modern bobbins contain two holes opposite each other - thread the thread through both at once. Wind a few turns to keep the thread from slipping off the bobbin.
Put the bobbin on the bobbin winder - it is close to the core of the main coil.
Move the latch to the left so that the bobbin does not jump out when winding the thread.
Start the bobbin winder using the foot pedal.
Having wound a full bobbin, take it out, sliding the latch back.
Remove coil with which you wound the thread on the bobbin, and set the desired one instead. The thread should be slightly thicker than the thread used on the bobbin.
Pass the thread from the spool through the slot in the thread guide. It is located at the top of the machine body, but much further away than the bobbin winder.
Insert the thread into the U-shaped channel on the body of the machine. Pull it through the disc-shaped tensioner.
Expand the thread and bring it up along the continuation of the channel. Pull it through the attractor - it has an exit hole. Pass the thread through it.
Lower the thread down to the needle- and thread its end into the needle itself. Before that, pass it through the last guide.
Pass the thread through the slit on the foot. Pull the thread aside.
Open the shuttle cover. It is placed next to the needle. If there is another protective cover under the main (additional) one, remove it as well.
Wind up about 10 cm of thread from a freshly wound bobbin. Insert the bobbin into its seat. Pull the thread off the bobbin a little to make sure it spins effortlessly.
Close both covers(if there are really two, and not one).
Pull the end of the thread up. Roll it into a loop. Pass the upper thread through this loop. Turn the handwheel so that the upper thread draws out the lower thread. This is necessary so that the seam when sewing together fabrics turns out the way it should be in the end.

The difference between modern and old sewing machines is that the thread travels a longer path, while hiding under the edge of the device body.

Possible mistakes

If the machine does not sew properly, the thread breaks or sags, check that you have not made any of the following mistakes.

The thickness of the needle and the size of the hole (eye) do not correspond to the rigidity and thickness of the layers of matter being stitched together.
You missed the tensioner, thread guides, or violated the sequence of its broach, threading.
You are trying to sew without upper or bobbin thread.
The machine is off. You didn't turn it on.
You have wound too much thread on the bobbin, making the first thread difficult to turn.
The upper thread is equal in thickness (or less) than the lower thread.
You are using threads that are too coarse - for example, pure cotton, and not synthetics (or semi-synthetics).
You have chosen the wrong type of seam, unacceptable at this stage and for the fabric being sewn now.
The upper thread tensioner is too loose or too tight.
The bobbin and its cap are noticeably beaten over the years or with careless storage. There were chips, notches on the bobbin.
The machine was not lubricated in time. She rotates with noticeable effort, overcoming it. This significantly reduced the speed. The machine scribbles in jerks, constantly changing the number of stitches per second (and minute), that is, its speed, speed is in question.
Clogged, worn upper thread tensioner.
Spools of thread have lain for several years and have lost their characteristics: strength, elasticity, smoothness.