Wolf power method. Wolf - Forest Predator

Various types of animals are usually firmly associated with a specific type of food. For example, a cat is almost always associated with mice (you can remember about the circle "Cats-mouse"), beaver - with trees branches and trees themselves. And for Forest Sanitar in the imagination, as a rule, a picture of the eating has just produced moose or devouring found under the bush fell. It is known that in the wolf zoo what just does not eat. And what really feeds this beast in wildlife?

Almost 90 years later, they returned to his puddle. They came voluntarily, and if you wish, it would be possible to recognize the proposal of reconciliation. It should be good Germany, good for himself and her nature, when the wolf is ready to settle here. Germany and wolves, this time it will be a harmonious story, one with a happy ending. Ahuuu, Welcome, Wolf, "the preservation on its website writes. Up to five years, imprisonment threatens a citizen who kills a freely living wolf.

But not everyone loves the wolf. The fear of the wolf is almost the same as the passion. Mayor Mayer warns the Green Secretary of State at the Ministry of Environment of Lower Saxony. She sees, as they say in her reply writing, "still not noticeable behavior" Wolf von Goldenster. A few days later she will come personally. Wolves have in the region in a few months 70. The breeder bought in East Germany, standing next to the sheep on the pasture, as soon as the danger threatens, it mights especially mad and extremely loud roar.

Rich table

Studies conducted by zoologists and naturalists open an amazing picture. It turns out that the wolf in the forest selects itself as a diverse diet that it is in order to envy him. It includes not only meat, but also various plants, up to delicacious watermelons in the southern regions.

In fact, in the summer, the wolves is available to choose from an extensive set of green samples growing in the terrain. Separate varieties even indulge in partially underwent rhubarb. This fact is confirmed by the repeated detection of the remnants of the plant in the wolf log houses. In warmer regions, cases were noted when wolves were harvested with watermelon pulp.

Sheep die calmly, this is her problem suddenly. Mayor Mayer writes to the Minister of Environment: "In our community, the fear of the wolf ended." Almost every day, citizens call in the Town Hall to see the wolf. In the arrival of the Catholic Church, parents gather from a forest kindergarten for the information evening about wolves, an employee of the protection of species of the Ministry of the Environment also appears. Meir Meir around the kindergarten has a fence with flutter colored rings, the so-called barrier that should contain wolves.

From time to time, a playful child gets into it. Mayor, Christian Democrat since then counts on its work weeks in WolfSvochen. He says: "I am green among black and all wolves, I am a wolf." The mayor is at the third week of excitement, when a member of the State Parliament comes to it. This is a 39-year-old Hero Hoker, who worked in an insurance company and for a short time he was an assistant to the notorious entrepreneur Karsten Masmeyer. The North-West newspaper called him a "political representative of the wolf" of the party, but Tabul is not sure if he should feel like a compliment.

However, no matter what is said about the vegetarian component of the diet of this beast, its nature of the predator will not change. Therefore, the nutrition of wolves for the most part consists of various meat. It may be Losyatina or Kaban meat, because the Mother Wolf is even alone there is a chance to cope with a young or sick animal. What to say about the joint hunt of the packs when the beasts drive their sacrifice.

The chair requires stopping the hugging course and turn on the wolf in the hunting right. Stool led by the mayor in kindergartenIn the area of \u200b\u200bthe wolf appeared only once. When the secretary found the mayor in the forest, she puts him a note with the phone number. One of the German press agencies wants something.

Meyer says: "The wolf has power over us." In the State Parliament of Lower Saxony flows the current hour: "Wolfomantik in Lower Saxony". It became an excited debate, in which Hero Stocker opposed the Minister of Environmental Protection and developed a scenario for which wolves could collapse on people. Political situation, however, complex. In brochures, he distributed a message: "Only good wolves come to Netherssen."

Meat? With pleasure!

Perhaps, if there is a selection of the wolf, the meat will almost always prefer. Of course, there are exceptional cases. For example, when poisoning, the beast finds such grass that causes vomiting. In this way, he himself provides medical care.

People have long been read and afraid WolfHe was called the elder brother, they scared them children, they were gone about him legends and retells. Rod wolf is quite extensive, including Koyotov and Shakalov, but it is wolves Steel straight and closest ancestors of a home dog.

Wolves dare to Cuxhafen and Ostfrisland, wolves went to the Netherlands. The wolves migrated to Denmark, they sometimes reached the outskirts of North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Rhineland Palatz and Bavaria. Many lambs are born during the Easter season, and soon after that, at the beginning of May, the wolves give birth to their puppies. Most of them make up four to eight on garbage. The next generation of wolves could get into the foothills of the Alps and the Black Forest.

It was an early morning, the forester had just risen when he jumped out naked out of the window to pull his wounded dog from the attacker. A few years ago, Wildess Khausen wolf ran around the city. People looked at him, but he was unluckled on him. Police searched for him from the helicopter, in vain.

Wolf - A rather major predator from a family of mammals, which it used to be found almost everywhere in Russia and the CIS. But due to a number of problems caused by the act of technical progress, the habitat area of \u200b\u200bthese animals was significantly narrowed in recent decades.

The name " wolf"Some of the Vine School of Language, has a long-standing Indo-European roots and literally means" moody"Or" drag ".

In Möll, east of him, the wolf fell on the flock of sheep, and at first he did not run away people who fled. At the Military Polygon Münster in the Lüneburg Empty Wolf watched a soldier flying to the observation tower. In February of this year, the pack of wolves struck the female walker in the area of \u200b\u200bLuneburg, which wore two dogs. Wolves approached her and looked at her for a long time. The woman was so shocked that he aroused an ambulance.

What happened and pushed in the stomach? And when he approached the well and, leaning over the water, drank, heavy stones dragged him, and he had to drown in horror. When seven little guzzles saw it, they ran up loudly shouted: the wolf is dead, the wolf is dead, and they happily danced around the fountain with her mother.

It turns out that the wolf family is quite extensive - there are about 32 different subsidiaries of wolves, but in Russia there are only six main - tundra, Mid-Russian forest, Mongolian, Caucasian, Siberian and Steppe.

What the wolves eat

Main wolf's ration Comerate hoofs depending on the habitat. These can be reindeer, horses, roots, pigs, loss, goats, like wild and domesticated.

Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm. Of all wild mammalsthat we know the wolf can be one of the most popular in the ecosystem. This is one of the oldest species of all time and, in addition, they were distributed in different parts planets. In this article, we want to talk about the main characteristics of this animal, as well as let's talk about different moments of its development, and we will learn in detail all the details that need to be considered. Do you dare learn more about this charming dog with us?

What are the main characteristics of the wolf?

The wolf is the one that belongs to the family of wolf canisters and among many things that can be allocated, the idea that is a carnivorous animal is the most exciting and known from all. This animal has many subspecies and, as you know, has always been considered one of them.

In the desert regions, the wolves hunt antelope and sheep. In connection with the expansion of human activity and the introduction of a person in natural environment Habitat wolves happen attacks of predators for cattle farms.

But volkov population Constantly decreases due to lack of food and constant hunting for them. In difficult periods, the wolves can be powered by frogs, lizards and even large insects. They sometimes eat berries, mushrooms and fruits, and for quenching thirst can plunder the watermelon or a melon fit.

Returning to the wolf, which is now interested in us, we must say that they are excellent runners and predators. This dog is always hunting for meals and in some way is one of the most dangerous species Forests. Weight for its part is usually no more than 38 kilograms, although they come different scientific researchTo make sure that there really were wolves up to 80 kilograms.

In any case, all this strongly depends on the subspecies we are talking about, and the habitats of the habitat in which the wolf develops, as they do much more than we can imagine. Wolves are a view that was on Earth for a long time and from which impressive things were discovered, which is undoubtedly the most attractive for all those people who are really passionate about this animal. In the past, these fangs were very numerous in North America, Eurasia or in the Middle East.

Where the wolf lives

Wolves Prefer a wooded area and choose plain or mountainous sites with non-vegetation and temperate climates for housing.

Flock of wolves It usually occupies a territory from 30 to 60 km and prefers a settled way of existence. But in the spring-summer period, this area is divided into fragments according to the package hierarchy: the best goes to the strongest wolves.

Currently, the wolf can be seen in many other parts and allocate the continents of Asia, America, Africa and Europe, where you will always see them in abundant forests with many types of trees and spaces where they can run, hunt and interact with other samples of their views. .

What do wolves eat?

The wolf is a very territorial animal and often has a strong nature of protection. It is usually solitary overnight, although by that time you can see how life in herds is formed by themselves, where they almost always claim themselves as a big family. If there is one thing that wolves succeed, it is because of their flesh assessment. This is an animal carnivorous in nature, and there is nothing that, as they say more than that. Goats, deer, moose, bison, horses, salmon, seals or whales are one of the favorite pieces of wolves, and they all find them enough dependent on the area where they are.

Also, wolves can be found in the north in Taiga and Tundra not far from human settlements.

Smart wolves And they understand that where a person can always be rejected. And although they harm to agriculture, but, on the other hand, they also regulate the balance of the ecosystem, controlling the number of animals and speaking by forest sanitary panels.

Wolf, mammal under threat of disappearance

After that they do what they drink a large number of Water to clean your body and avoid any free disease that can occur. Although this species is not one of the very names when we look at the list of endangered species, the truth is that there were many conversations about the number of disappearing subspecies or the decline of wolves in general.

If we had to point out the "culprit" of this reduction of the number of wolves, a person would be the best example, since he was those who pursued this view of the limit and developed various fighters to get their skins, fangs and heads like trophies.

Are wolves for man dangerous

Scientists have come to the conclusion that just so wolf to attack a person will not be, since he has an instinct of self-preservation. But sometimes there are sad cases of attacking animals, having rabies. Or with a strong shortage of feed.

The reproduction of wolves

In addition, we know that wolves that die because of frosts or climatic conditionswhich are too extreme, but are the percentages of the smallest amount. In many places, the wolf hunt was banned, as in some of the United States states who knew that this is the true purpose of the problem and the way to eradicate it.

In addition, it is one of the most controversial animals because of his wild beauty and because many people still consider them a threat. This animal is a carnivore mammal, which has a great ability to adapt to various ecosystems. However, the wolf, even if it is a carnivorous animal, did not eat meat only.

Farther's Wolves lasts from January to April. Wolves are monogamous and lead a family lifestyle, the pair is holding together until one of the partners dies.

The wolf before the occurrence of damage does not take sexy flirting of the male. Brutal fights for the attention of females, often with fatal outcome, are absolutely normal in the wolf medium.

Before you go to feeding the wolf, we will make a general overview of its characteristics. We have already seen that this carnivorous mammal, but a lot of them can be said. The wolf length is usually from one to two meters. As for the weight, the medium-sized wolf is about 50 kilograms.

Its layer consists of two layers, a stronger and strong appearance, the function of which is to protect the inner layer, which becomes thinner and thicker. As for color, wolves can be a lot of colors. Usually they combine black and white colors with red, brownish and oath colors.

Wolf. Reach puberty for the second year of life, and wolves - in 3 years.

The wolves in the year passes only 1 flow so that the wipe was born in warm spring, when there are food enough.

Wolf Para For a start, it takes care of the descendant of refuge for the future offspring. It can be both various secluded places and other badgers or sands, their own holes are rare.

The wolf can live from 8 to 12 years. Inside the herd, only alpha male and beta-female, who are just a couple of times a year. Puppies, on the other hand, will be protected by the whole herd. Your smell is especially strong. In fact, this olfactory ability, along with her wonderful night vision, allows them to hunt at night. Their wonderful night vision is associated with a special layer, which they have behind the retina.

The blood of the wolf feet is also special, as it regulates the body temperature of the whole animal. In addition, it prevents the formation of ice sprats on your hooves. Another feature of wolves is that the base of the tail has iron, which produces a unique and unique smell for each instance. Thus, they can be identified with each other, as is happening with dogs.

Only a wolf enjoys the log, it also is engaged in the upbringing of small wagins, which at first resemble the puppies of an ordinary dog. Usually, the Wolf is born from 3 to 13, and helps them to feed the whole flock.

There are many pets of wolves, although they can all be included in four main groups. Red Wolf Brown Wolf: This group belongs to the Iberian Wolf White or Arctic Wolves Gray Wolves. As we mentioned earlier, the wolf carnival, and its diet is based mainly on medium-sized animals.

However, the feeding of the wolf largely depends on the habitat in which it is discovered, we have already mentioned that they are very adaptable animals. In fact, other mining is known in marine environment, such as seals. In Alaska and Canada, there is a case of wolves who ate salmon.

But despite the close care of parents and other wolves, in the first year of life survive only 20-40% of Volchat. This is due to diseases, shortage of feed and competition inside the family, when stronger puppies receive more feed, and weak gradually die.

The wolves have a rather interesting voice that has much more opportunities than in other animals. Wolves not onlyAs it is customary, they also know how to grumble, whip, squeal, yield, bark and growl. Moreover, they are fully aware of these sounds and understand the information that their tribesmen voiced. It helps to know where the prey was hidden, where to go hunting and even report the appearance of people. And the collective Volcie Wolf is a distinctive feature of active public life.

By the way, Wolves can hear his tribesman and transfer messages from a distance 8 kilometers.

The wolf is very developed smeanHe distinguishes odors 100 times better for a person, so Nyuh plays one of the main roles in the wolf family.

Wolves are strong and hardy animals that may overnight overcome the distance to 80 km, and if necessary, develop speed 60 km / hWhat is one of the important conditions for survival.

In nature Wolves live Up to 15 years, but already in 10-12 years they have found signs of old age.

The wolf also symbolizes dedication and loyalty in the family, they are associated with many heroes of folk fairy tales and epos of the ancient cultures of the peoples of the North, where he personifies strength and courage. But sometimes it is perceived as an evil and negative character, which is greedy and greedy, and sometimes serves as dark forces.

The wolf is a surprisingly sensitive and attentive predator. Owning an excellent smell and acute hearing, surprisingly well oriented on any terrain. Although the vision is developed weaker, it significantly exceeds the vision of domestic dogs. The ability to adapt is developed. For example, wolves without problems are distinguished by the hunter (danger) from the mushroom.

Food Volkov

It is not necessary to guess what eats the wolf. It has long been studied. Wolf - typical carnivorous predator. Traditionally, its menu includes deer, elk, domestic cattle, partridges, hares and tether. Because of hunger and despair, the wolves can venture to attack a bear sleeping in Berorg. In the hungry time, in the absence of living production, the palm of or vegetable food can eat - berries, fruits and even mushrooms. More than two weeks the wolf is able to do without food.

Hunting and trophies

The "working day" of the predator begins at dusk and ends in the morning. If the night has passed successfully, the wolves sleep, otherwise the hunting does not stop in the afternoon. At one time, the adult wolf is able to eat 2-6 kg flesh, hungry - twice as much - to 10 kg. The guessing opinion that wolves kill more than they can eat unfairly. The remains never disappear, and break off for the next meal. Everything that the wolf is powered will be laid in the "natural refrigerator" and will be perfectly preserved.

Features of the seasons

With the onset of spring in the diet of wolves increases the proportion of pets. Growth peak falls after the middle of the summer, when the wolves will grow oldly suitable broods. Delicates is considered the liver, heart and lungs. They get the "pen" - the most strong in the flock wolf. This is a leader. Contrary to the existing stereotypes that the wolves eat people, did not docume the case when the wolf was attacked by a person.

In winter, the wolf flock on the hunt comes to 15 individuals: the young of the last two broods are attracted. Sometimes a flock meets the back of large forest animals. It happens that the skirmish ends with the death of one of the wolves and the retreat of the survivors. In search of mining they are able to go into deep snow to 50 kilometers. At the same time, it is impossible to determine the number of individuals in the flock, as predators go to the trail.

Feeding Puhnkov

Up to eight weeks, the female feeds puppies milk every three hours for 1-4 minutes. Starting from three weeks, the whole pack takes part in this process, bringing meat with hunting and joining meat puppies. In the eight month old aged puppies for the first time they see the sun. At the age of five to six months, they follow the flocks on the hunt and eat fresh meat. Volchats have natural enemies, but a unambiguous answer to the question, whether the wolves eat, today it is simply no.

The wolf is a predator, the basis of the nutrition of which is the average and large mammalian magnitude. It is almost everywhere, he is associated with uncoat animals that make up its main food. The amount and availability of it determine the number of predators. The lifestyle of wolves, different in different areas First of all, because there are not the same species composition and biology of wild ungulates or methods of maintaining domestic animals in these areas. If not the main thing, then animals of medium and small magnitude are essential in nutritional nutrition - crops, hares, badgers, foxes, ferrets and some others. In many places, the wolves are successfully hunted on dogs, and in areas where rammer dogs are acclimatized, and they are destroyed in a large number. Suslikov, mice, hamsters, voles and other rodents, as well as insectivores, caress from small mammals. In agricultural forest-steppe and steppe areas, the wolves eat small rodents on the fields. Successfully hunt for waterfowl, especially during their molting. They suffer from wolves and chicken birds, mainly masonry and young. Wolves destroy a lot of home and wild geese. Reptiles (lizards and snakes), frogs, less frequently, and large insects wolves eat with a lack of other food. In the hungry time, predators willingly eat Padal, visiting the Scottish grains, slaughterhouses, Salotopnia or specially laid out. If the emission places have fallen constant, they can determine the Wolf Steai Winter Routes.

In many, if not in all areas, vegetable food is added to the animal food food. Beasts willingly eat rowan berries, valley, blueberries, blueberries and lobbyberries (in the forest area), faucet (Solarium Nigrum), the fruits of apple trees, pears, etc. (in the south). In the summer, the Bakhchi will be readily visited, watermelons eat, melons and often cause tangible damage not so much by the fetus by their damage. Often eat various cereals, and in the Narral steppe - gentle and sweet shoots of reeds.

Wolves have frequently and cannibalism. In hungry winter time Weathered or wounded beast often breaks the flock. Bare and that male, who in the struggle for the female turned out to be strongly wounded. Cannibalism in captivity was observed when translated with meat food for dairy and vegetable feed. Strong waggies broke and ate weak. Hungry wolves are fiercely fighting because of food and often kill weakens that are almost always eaten. There are cases when wolves killed and eaten pranks or the corpses of dead conifers. Thus, these animals are generally illegible to food, but if possible, only the best feeds eat; This is especially true for the summer time and concerns plant feeds, the need for which is not so great.

The wolf - the beast is very hardy, no, without losing the strength and speed of running, worry a long, week and more hunger strike. But with successful hunting is very voracious and, according to some authors, it can eat a large amount of food at once - up to 25 kg, swaying as it were. It was observed as a brood of 7-10 wolves per night, a horsepie carcass was performed. In the lower reaches Or (Kazakhstan) A pair of wolves at once eaten a root weighing at 25-30 kg or a wild sweeper weighing 30-40 kg. In Badhyze (Turkmenistan), they watched the wolf ate a young arhara weighing about 10 kg. However, these figures do not characterize the number of foods eaten at once. Part of it is usually melted and harnessed, especially in excess of food. In addition, animals cut by wolves often donate hyenas, jackals and especially vultures. In Badhise, the skeleton of the donkey, slaughtered by a pair of wolves at the beginning of the night, was already completely purified from meat in the morning. In the stomachs of wolves rarely found more than 1.5-2 kg of food at the same time. According to exact data from P. A. Merttsa, in one reception, the wolf eats no more than 3 kg of food, and the swallowed over it will soon fade. On a relatively small amount of meat eaten by a wolf in one reception, they also say the figures above about the weight of wolves.

Food of wolves in different seasons is significantly different, and with these changes, a change in the lifestyle of predators is connected - their transition from a settled existence in the warm season to the nomadic lifestyle in winter - summer For wolves, a variety of feed is available, the number of which is maximum during this period. Therefore, summer nutrition of wolves is diverse. In it, various feeds occupy the main share in different areas, but by the advantage - animals of medium and small magnitude. The value of hoofs during this period is the smallest, although the wolves are hunting for them. So, in a young wolf killed on July 3, 1944 in the Bashkir Reserve, the remains of Maralenka, Lap Croott and 2 Pickling of Sparrows were found in the stomach; At the gained wolf extracted on August 17, 1941, 16 lizards were found in the stomach. In the valley r. The Ural Wolves in the summer often visited Bakhchi and spruce watermelons, and on Shautatau in the year of the steppe cherry crops in most excrement of the wolf there were her bones. At the end of the summer and the beginning of the autumn, the wolves hunt for grazing cattle, wild hoofs, catch the hares, roll on the ondate holes and wanders, catch small animals and birds, and the reservoirs successfully produce linous waterfowl.

After falling out of the snow, the power is worsening. At this time, wolves turn focus on unfortunate. At the most hungry time, the wolves are approaching settlements, hunt for dogs, attack the cattle in the beauties even in the afternoon and willingly attend cattle bisks and Padal.

In winter, wolves are buried on the roads, reluctantly turning into the snow when not only single sleds appear, but even the bite. At this time, the wolves attack on the moose. However, the attack of a single beast on an adult moose, especially with more or less deep snow, often ends the wolf death. So, in the winter of 1952/53, 2 wolves killed by elk were found in the Upper-TEMO District of the Arkhangelsk region. Flying attacks are usually successful. In March - April in the forest zone during pasta, the wolves are already less likely appear near the villages and they grow predominantly in the forests, hunting in the nasta on the roof, moose and deer.

Early spring (after NLA) is the hungry time when wolves are very harmful to animal husbandry (especially in the steppe), destroying mostly young. At about this time, in the steppe and in the desert, as well as in the tundra wolves hunt the chamber on pregnant coils (Jajanov, Saigakov, Kosul, deer). By the time of the birth of young, they are going to the places of calving, where they exterminate both adults and young.

After the melting of the snow and the beginning of the spring breeding of animals (the end of April - May), the wolves move primarily on the power of medium and small vertebrates. Young in June begin to feed the animals mainly, and the mother's milk serves them only with utility food. In June, Volchats are already running on their own to the waterproofs. From August, the attacks on domestic cattle are usually raised.

The nutrition of wolves in various districts is distinguished noticeable. Wolves have tundra in nutrition in the snowy time, wild and homemade deer (mainly calves and wrenches) are certainly dominated. Hares, sands and other animals come across. In Nenets, Nats. District in the stomachs of the 54 wolves extracted in the winter of 74 wolves: Reindems were found: a reindeer - 93.1% of meetings, small rodents - 5.4%, white partridge-4.1%, Belyaka-1.3% hare-1, Lisiza - 1, 3% and fish - 6.8%. Of great importance in the life of wolves living in the expense of ungulates, has a group attack and mass "cutting" mining in herds and octaras. The places of such "flood" wolves are often visited later using the remaining residues. Small groups of predators are kept along the coast of the sea or in the villages, where they feed on the coastal emissions, swelling of the fishery, the palm and robbing traps and traps of hunters.

In the summer nutrition of wolves in the tundra, birds play a significant role (in the second half - especially line geese and ducks) and small rodents (lemmings and voles). Deer, especially at the beginning of the summer (calving time), also play an important role. In the mountainous areas in the northeast, a noticeable place in the food belongs to snow rams, hares and freaks.

In Taiga Karelia Wolves attack the elk (young), nordic deer, domestic cattle, eat Padal; In the summer, rodents, nesting on Earth birds, and sometimes lizards, frogs; Berries also eat, especially rowan.

In the forests of the Tatar Republic in the snow period, the wolves live mainly at the expense of mammals (98% of meetings), especially pets and fell (68%), then miserable rodents (24%) and hares (21%). Birds account for only 10% of meetings (in% to the total number of stomach studied, excrement and food residues; V. Popov, 1952). In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Rybinsky reservoir, the Wolves in winter produce predominantly elk. In the Urals, they feed on wild hoofs, hares, horses, pets, birds; In winter, they eat Padal and often pursue foxes. In Belovezhskaya, it is mainly hunted mainly behind wild hoofs (48%), especially behind boars (21%), roelas (18%), deer (6%). Pet residues are met in 28% of the stomachs. Often mining hares - Rusakov (16%). In the warm season, the value of hoofs is reduced to 40% (in spring) and 31% (in autumn). At the same time, the role of pets in nutrition increases from 32 to 42% (main mining - sheep). Dogs here wolves mined relatively rarely.

The basis for the nutrition of wolves in the forest-steppe central black earth areas is homemade cattle, hares, minor rodents.

In steppe areas in 56 data on the nutrition of wolves (stomachs, the remains of food), the first place was occupied by miserable rodents (35% of meetings), then Padal (17% - mainly in winter), dogs, calves, sheep, goats, pigs (16%). In the stomachs quite often discovered the remains of the hares (8%) and gophers (5%), in one case - foxes. The share of birds (mostly domestic geese) accounted for 4%. Single wolves eat lizards and insects (beetles-navigation). From plants in food, strawberry berries are represented, fruits of pear and apple (Padalitsa). In the Usmansky forest of frequent prey of wolves, deer, beavers, hares and raccoon dogs are becoming. In the summer and in the fall in food there are remains of dogs (38%), hares (18%) and sheep (13%).

In the nutrition of Ukrainian wolves, vertebrae are found in 99.2% of data.

Food consists of mammals - 90.7% of meetings, birds - 12.9, reptiles - 5.5, amphibians - 29.6, fish - 18.5, insects - 46.2, plants - 48.1. Among the mammals were met by domestic animals - 48.9% of meetings, hunting-fishing - 32.6, including hares - 22.4, roeted - 10.2; Mouses - 14.2, voles - 42.8, earthmock - 6.1. Among domestic animals are 18.2% in dogs.

In the stomach of the wolf found up to 10 water voles and 15 ordinary pools. Special great importance In the food of wolves, small rodents acquire during the years of their mass breeds. Among the birds prevailed Kryakva, homemade chickens and geese, among reptiles - lizards, and among amphibians - toads. From fish, there were pucks extracted by wolves on the filler meadows (during the spill). Other fish are selected along the shores. Among the insects were prevailed beetles (100% of meetings), straight bumps (48%) and refilled (44%). Berry berries (Rhamnus cathartica; up to 389 in one stomach), Black Postley (SOLARIUM NIGRUM; Up to 9082 seeds in the stomach), Lrangess Berries (Convallaria Majalis, up to 486 seeds in the stomach) and pear fruits (Pirus Communis, 140 seeds in the stomach). In the stomachs of wolves in the Caucasus, in addition to animal food, there were many grains of corn, and in the Kiev region fruit bodies mushrooms p. Tricholoma.

In the Caucasian Reserve in the Food Wolves The frequency of meetings different groups It was as follows: mammals - 90%, hoofs - 81%, boar - 38%, deer - 16%, tour - 12%, SERNA - 12%, Koslya - 7%; Rodents (hare and misery-shaped) - 9%, predatory (bear, fox, cuckit) - 3%, birds (mainly Caucasian Tetrayev) - 7%, fruits, including berries (pear, apple tree, cherry, viburnum, blackberry, Rosehip) -12%.

In the Ural-Emblest Desert, summer excrement and remnants of wolves (268 data) were 37% of mouse-like rodents, 9.1% - Tushkanchikov, 13.6% - Suslikov, 2.6% - Zaitsev, 2.9% - , 8.8% - livestock, 15.8% - birds, 0.3% - reptiles, 1.1% - insects and 5% - plants residues.

In the northern lane of Kazakhstan in the summer of prey of wolves serve small rodents (especially water voles), hares, young and lining ducks, young tetherov and white partridges, less often roe and domestic cattle (sheep). During the drying of lakes, water birds and water voles are particularly available for wolves and are then becoming the main food, which the wolf broods fell. In Kazakhstan, wolves also willingly eate the Padalitsa apples and pears, visit Bakhchi. In winter, in Northern Kazakhstan, wolves hunt for domestic cattle, roe deer and eat Padal. At Oz. Kurgaljin Wolves round year Live in reeds. In summer, they feed water voles and waterfowl, especially during her molting; In winter, they live at the expense of boars, pursuing them along the paths that pigs are prokatting in the snow.

In the desert of betpak-giving the summer, the wolves feed the Jajaran, Saigas and hares; They eaten gerbils, tugs, turtles, insects. In the fall and winter from them, Sayigs and Jeyranians are strongly suffering, as well as livestock. In the food of wolves in the southern Balchassa, mammals predominate (92-100% of meetings), and among them - hoofs (16-100% of meetings) and rodents (10-84% of meetings). Wild pigs (10-50% of meetings) and roar (5-100% of meetings) are important from ungulates. Tolas and Ondatra are often eaten. Near the water bodies feed on fish (mainly sazan). Occasionally attack foxes, among birds - mainly on waterfowl and pheasants.

Malchism in the bottoms of the r. Or pet residues in the wolf food is explained by the abundance of wild feed here. The excrement containing the Earth testify to the needs of wolves in fine-seamless, especially during the transition from summer feed for winter and back.

Pets are important in the nutrition of Turkmen wolves; but also wild fauna, especially unworn, play big role, especially for the Badhiz wolves population (South Turkmenistan). This is obviously due to the wealth of Badhiz wild hoofs. The focus of wolves here focuses on Jarana as the most massive and more accessible form. Adults of Jeyranans wolves are mined mainly on the waterproofs, while taking them out of the thickets of Grebenchuk. There are also cases of the attacks of wolves on the kulans, especially with winter snowfall and ice. Known value In the nutrition of wolves Pa Badkhise have small animals, especially reptiles. The main food of mountain wolves in Kyrgyzstan serve as wild hoofs (goats, argars, roebles, marals) and domestic cattle. Following them, the wolves rise in the summer high in the mountains, and in the winter descend to the valleys. In the summer, the wolves willingly and successfully hunt for the crumbs, grinding and raging them; Also eating small rodents, birds and Padals. In the Dzhungarian and Zailish Alatau, Surki often serve as the main food of wolves.

Changing the number of main foods or conditions of its extraction in different years strongly changes the nature of the nutrition of wolves. In multiserry winters, and especially with a strong and long-lasting chain, the wolves sometimes almost completely exterminate wild ungulates (especially roof) even on large spaces. Thus, during the 1940/41 deep-shine, the wolves almost aimed a roe deer in the Kostanay, North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar, Kokchetav, Akmola and East Kazakhstan regions in Northern Kazakhstan. Only in Presno Mountains of the Kom area of \u200b\u200bthe Kustanay region, this year found the remains of more than 300 roasted, torn by wolves. In the Pavezen Reserve, the mass death of the Kosul was noted after the appearance of strong Nastos (March 16). She repeatedly and in the snowy winter of 1948/49. In the deep winter winter of 1947/48, the wolves attacked even at the secccy boars, which they are not trying to touch under normal conditions. The same influence is provided by the ice and jute in the steppes and deserts and chants in the forest strip. In all cases, the number of hoofs is sharply reduced and in subsequent years their value in the nutrition of wolves decreases.

In some conditions, the wolves feed on, it seemed completely inappropriate food. So, in the Kizlyar steppes in the 20s, with a mass propagation of locusts, the lips of the wolves consisted of the remnants of these insects.

From the pet family. The length of the body together with the tail reaches 160 cm, and the height in the withers - up to 90 cm. The weight of such a beast is about 62 kg. According to scientists who investigated genes and DNA, the wolf is a ancestor of an ordinary dog. Previously, these animals were more than now. The reasons for the reduction of the number is the change in the natural landscape, extermination and urbanization. There are territories on which wolves are on the verge of extinction. In the north of the mainland, the population of them remains stable. Though wolves and it becomes smaller, but there are places where these animals are dangerous for livestock and residents of the villages. Therefore, the hunting for such animals is still permitted.

Perhaps your child goes to the boy-scout - then skip the following lines directly. But if he has no longer experience with nature, summer is the perfect time to deliver it to the camp. Go for a walk through the forest, show trees, shrubs, mushrooms, animals and forest facilities as a hunter or poses. Explain that you are doing with such trips with you, how to dress and dress in the forest. Learn how he lives and grows in the forest and how to behave there that animals and plants do not suffer from your visit.

Making what adults enjoy children most. Take advantage of the fact that there are much more opportunities to be able to experience things that are not available in the usual "school" mode. While your grandfather teaches children to cut wood from boats, and dad shows them how to fix or prepare for a bike trip, you can cook with buns or children to show how their grandfather and grandmother have handcuffed on their neck. If you dare, draw your T-shirts or bags with textures or glass glasses together.

Ancient Predator - Wolf

Fat time in the animal comes at the end of winter, in about February. Very often, family couples of wolves are preserved for life. Duration of pregnancy - on average, 65 days. The wolf gives birth from two to fourteen young. On average - five kids. The first months the family feeds his father. He brings food, tips away the semi-stewed food to feed the mother of the family and the young. At first, of course, the kids feed on milk, but from 1.5 months. Start to eat ordinary food. Already by August, they weigh about ten kilograms, and from September they go hunting together with their parents.

In particular, let your children help as much as possible and try to do what they can do. Kashpersk Gori will love even children. You can look into the life of the wolf, find out how the American bust in the Scot Skot Skot looks like on the hills of Shumava, and children will definitely appreciate the rides on the horse and after dinner spent on the livestock farm. A completely unique range with wolves and a natural path opened in Surney in Shumava. Trekking tracking three hundred meters long and you can cross the wooden pedestrian bridge at an altitude of four-six meters above the ground.

Ration

And how do wolves eat? As a rule, they eat animals, both both home and wild. It may be deer, hares, boars, crops, horses, beavers, as well as moose, ondatras, cows. If such a meal can not find, the wolf feeds on frogs and lizards. On average, one such predator for a day eats about two kilograms of meat. A very hungry wolf can take 12 kg of meat. All that did not feed, he hides in a secluded place. If hungry, it always comes to his cache and donates the remnants. On the area, the predator is focused by smelling and hearing, since the wolf has a poorly developed vision, although at night he sees better dogs.

You will find a set of shelters for observation, benches and interesting information signs about the life of the wolf, for which they became a house for three hectares of the forest under you. These animals were happy to live here in the middle of the century, but the hunters destroyed them. Today you can meet them again and see yourself - with the whole family of wolves with three wolves.

Before you go home, stop at the center of visitors to the administration of the Schumava National Park, which is located in a passive house with energy. Here you will learn a lot about the life of wolves, about those films that they regularly do here.

So what do wolves eat? Their diet depends on the habitat. It may be lemmings, voles, as well as larger animals: deer, boars and moose. By the way, the predators are hunting groups.

Plant food

What does the wolf eat in the forest besides meat? This predator is happy to eat berries and nuts, as well as some plants. Also, wolves are wanted and eating eggs birds.

In the gardens a rather large flock of these hairy giants. Quickly, you will create an atmosphere of huge prairies, where the cowboys and the Indians hunted horses, trying to shoot in the biggest bison. You can drive by car or make a beautiful walk along the Hill Lishak.

In the nearby journal on Farm Farm or in Kvilda Mountain, you can see the Scotting Highland Highland Cattle. You will see how satisfied with the life in the harsh mountain conditions of the Bohemian forest.

Since such a predator is well developed, it is quickly adapting to any situation.

What do wolves eat? Usually, these predators are hunting only on wild animals, but due to lack of food they can attack on home - goats, sheep and calves. If the wolf is already old and sick, he chooses easier prey. For example, running into the village, he loves local dogs, and then prevents the look that runs away. The dog, understandable, runs after him, and he unfolds and attacks her.

Children will undoubtedly enjoy driving or riding horseback riding school on a beautiful meadow on the edge of the forest. Or you can also ride on the forest slopes of mighty Zheshov. Children can practice in a mountaineering wall or wander in the Great Garden. Adults can relax on the sun loungers on the terrace and enjoy the dinner of Pilates in the gym every night Tuesday, where they can also play table tennis, badminton or rent a electric school.

Much fun is waiting for us to lovers of good cuisine, and not only in the form of Czech and French cuisine, which are served in our dining room, but especially in an exquisite store, where they will be regularly waiting for new proven recipes and the quality of the ingredients of the surrounding farms, - sabina concluded Kmekova. In a cozy cafe with French charm, honest homemade desserts are offered, great coffee, French cuisine delicacies and authentic noise dishes. You can stay in comfortable suites or romantic attic overlooking Kashpek Castle.

What does a wolf eating in the steppe?

Its diet consists mainly of meat, although plant food is also sometimes eating. But, upholstered in the steppe, these predators make raids on Bakhchi melons and watermelons, satisfying not so much hunger as thirst, as wolves need regular, and quite abundant waterproof. There is, of course, in such a beast and beloved food in the steppes - Jeyrana and Sayigaki, and in the forest-steppe - roe.

This is an adult migratory wolf. Since this great beast has suitable living conditions in the area between Sternberk and the Moravian Burrow, it is possible that wolves can settle there if the animal meets a suitable analog of this kind. The wolf north of Sternberka appeared in the second half of October. The fact that there is only confirms that the phenomenon that we follow the entire Czech Republic is a gradual return of wolves to your initial homeland and attempts to migrate individuals move the landscape intertwined in the entire Czech Republic, it described an ecologist from the Rainbow Movement of Olomouc Jirju Benesh.

What winter does the wolf eat? Note that during this period of the year, such predators become particularly bloodthirsty. As a rule, their diet does not change, that's just getting food becomes harder. In winter, in the forest, they are mostly attacked by a roof, boars and hares.

Wolves are often found on hunting sites, because here you can always be enjoyed to be injured, but not shot by the beast, and even the remnants of the prey caught by people.

Direct proof of the presence of a wolf on the hills above Sternberk confirms, according to the defenders of nature, that the wolf does not need an untouched desert for his life. "Frames from this area prove that the wolf is an adaptable view that works very well in accordance with the human activity in the landscape," added Benesh.

The video was shot by a hunter on the spot, which the defenders do not want to clarify. Not obvious whether it is a man or woman. "Probably this is an adult wolf, but sex cannot be defined," said the monitoring coordinator in the Olomouc region. The wolf can drive 50 kilometers a day, so it is impossible to assume that it is still in one place.

Polar Wolf Power

This predator lives in the Arctic, with the exception of those places where there are ice. As a rule, such an animal is kept by flocks consisting of ten individuals. What is food in the tundra wolf? hares and other small animals.

What do the red wolves eat?

These animals dwell in the mountains. They are hunting during the daytime. As a rule, they attack large animals, but small, too, sometimes enter their diet. Their food includes small rodents, antelopes, bulls, deer and lizards.

On the entire territory of the Olomowsk region, environmentalists have several records about the wolf movements over the past two years. In all cases, these are people. "Of course, the recordings are different, not everything is as good as the one that we have now received from the Sternberg region," Jirji said.

Hunting is prohibited on red wolves, as they are on the verge of extinction, so these predators are listed in the Red Book as an endangered appearance. The exact reason for their death is unknown. But scientists argue that all the marvel of gray wolves. They live there, where and red, but much stronger them. Therefore, the second did not bring competition with the first. This is only an assumption, there are no accurate facts about this.

On the territory of the Olomowsk region, the wolves usually hunted in the second half of the century. Very rarely, this beast began to return to the Yesensky district after World War II. Defenders, as well as environmental authorities, appreciate the help of the public from which they receive messages about resident signs that can be large animals.

These beasts move in a huge territory, they are spatially very demanding, and without the help of the public we have no opportunity to cover the whole territory of their potential occurrence, "said Jirji Benesh. Such reports are also important for sheep farmers and goats. Without convincing evidence that the wolf moved in the area, it would be much more difficult to prove the damage caused to this beast, the ecologist added.

The ration of grivy wolves

These predators are the largest of the PS family. Inhabit Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Brazil and Bolivia. Such predators live not by flocks, but in pairs. The hunt is also paired. Their diet consists not only of food of animal origin, they also use various plants. Most often, their victims become reptiles, small rodents and insects.

Wolves originally wolf lived almost in all Eurasia and North America from the northern tuner to the southern hemisphere. However, now its area is significantly reduced due to the persecution. Persons appear in Beskida, Northern Bohemia and Yesenic. Their food is mostly deer and wild pigs, to a lesser extent also deer and other small animals. Sometimes they also catch sheep if they are not sufficiently provided. According to the Law on the Protection of Nature and Landscape, the Wolf is a guarded type and is classified as endangered.

In Bednari, a woman noticed five wolves. There will be more and more such meetings. Experts argue that there is no need to worry. But predators are closer and closer. Antonin, Cherneyevo, Serakov, Rumblers, and recently, in these places, poor wolves have regularly appear over the past few months. Meetings meet more often, and this will not change. In the Velkopol forests more and more wolves. One of them was even killed under the wheels of the car. Two months ago, a crady took place in Groats.

And they feed on snails, birds and bird eggs. In addition, grivy wolves eat Guava and bananas. By the way, there were cases when these predators attacked pets (sheep, pigs and others).

Red wolf and wildlife

These wolves are the most rare of all pins. They are listed in the International Red Book. The lifestyle of them is similar to the lifestyle of ordinary wolves. Dwells in prairies, wetlands and mountainous areas in the eastern United States. Live flocks are somewhat less than a flock of gray wolves. Their diet also consists not only of food of animal origin, but also vegetable. As a rule, their victims are such animals like rabbits, raccations, rodents, and deer occasionally. In addition, they feed on Padalu and different fruits. Note that these predators themselves can become mining or alligators.

The animal was killed, and the car was only suitable for the cassation. Close meetings. My mother recently went from Bednara to Vronchin. Suddenly, five wolves ran on the road. She stopped, but ran into the forest. There are wolves in the poor, and not the first time they meet with them, "says Maci, a resident of Bednard, not far from victory.

Officially, such reports were not received, including the village administrator, but it is undoubted that the wolves are increasingly approaching farms. Our interlocutors are not panic. They argue that the wolf does not apply to man as a threat. - We will be glad that we are lucky that we are associated with such a rare species. Let's not run away, but let's also remember that it's not too close to approach. Keep dogs attached, because they are under threat of disappearance, if they scare off the wolf, - explains Yaroslav Kaspřík from the regional department of forest inspection in Poznan.

In the article, we described in detail than the wolf feeds in the forest and other habitats. The more we know about the world surrounding us, the more careful about it.

According to him, however, a bad sign is that wolves are increasingly approaching households in search of "easy" food. Therefore, it is necessary to close the fence if we have animals. Events with the participation of these animals are actually quite a lot, especially in lately. It also happens that these animals attack agricultural animals if they are not protected properly, "confirms Dr. Sabina Novak from the Association for nature: Vilk. And therefore, their victims are sheep, cows, goats, and recently also fairy deer.

Food Volkov

As soon as the wolf can bite them to a dozen or so. Experts also note that crossing is much more dangerous than wolf, for example, a wolf with a dog. Such people are unpredictable and must be immediately killed. Of these, about 6 watts have territories that are fully lying within the province, and the rest are partially located on it, "explains Dr. Sabina Novak.

It indicates that it is difficult to calculate the exact amount of wolf, because for many years there was no inventory of this species. Adults leave a pack in search of a wolf with whom they will form their own groups. The longest trips are performed by males. And many of their migration routes pass through the Velkopolskaya. - Wolves come to us from the Baltic countries, and our wanderers to Germany or Denmark. Many trips are also located within the country. Animals in Western Poland are most often occurring from the northeast, "says Dr. Novak.

Hunting and trophies

Features of the seasons

Feeding Puhnkov

During the study, DNA found that there are about four genealogical lines of the wolf. African, arising in Late Pleistocene, is considered the most ancient. All other lines refer to the Indian subcontinent. In large geological and climate change A line of the Himalayan Wolf appeared. Indian separated from it approximately 400,000 years ago. Tibetan wolf - the inhabitant of Kashmir, is the latest line. Another name is the Hollarctic treasure.

A large Siberian Wolf in Pleistocene died in Japan and on the Korean Peninsula. Sangar's shed in Holocene divided Hokkaido and Honsu, which caused climate change. They led to extinction on this territory of large hoofs. The lack of sufficient food led to the island dwarfishness of the Japanese wolf.

Hokkaido, thanks to constant access to food and genetic interchange with major Siberian wolves, there was a much more than Chondos Japanese wolf.

Due to disappearance large prey, about 8,000 years ago, a terrible wolf is extinct. Accelerated this process competition for the remaining food with an ordinary wolf.

In which regions does the wolf live?

Currently, the habitat of wolves has declined significantly. This is due to the uncontrolled extermination in the past. Most of the predators are located on site:

Russia;
Belarus;
Of Ukraine;
northern part of the Arabian Peninsula;
Afghanistan;
Georgia;
China;
Korea;
Iran;
Indostane;
Iraq;
Azerbaijan;
Scandinavia;
Baltic;
Balkans;
Italy;
Poland;
Spain;
Portugal.

From Mexico to Alaska, animals are common in North America. In Russia, they dwell everywhere, except Taiga, Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. In Japan, predators are completely extinct.

Wolves are capable of living in various locals, however, preferences they give places with a weak forest mass. Often they live near the person. In the taiga, they accompany him and settle on the territory, purified by people from the forest.

In the mountains, predators live to alpine meadows, where the sites have a weak crossing.

Wolf - territorial animal. In the cold season, the flocks live sideways. The boundaries of the territory on which they live are marked by fragile labels. In winter, the area of \u200b\u200bthe terrain of the busy predators is up to 44 km. However, with the approach of spring, the flock falls on pairs. The strongest representatives remain on their territory, and loners lead a nomadic life. Wolves often accompany the herds of livestock and deer.

For the removal of the offspring, the animals arrange Logov. Most often, they are natural asylums - the shrub thickets, deepening in the rocks. In some cases, the wolves occupy the holes of other animals - Barzuchi, Sadsz, Surkov. Extremely rare them on their own. The latter is tied to the lair in the period of growing litter. The male does not use it. Puppies grow in well hidden places: on the hills, in ravines, covered by the thick cane lakes, dense shrub. Wolves never hunt near her Logov. After the puppies are fixed for long transitions, animals leave their refuge. For rest, they are looking for new, but well-protected places. Vague outdoor resemble dog puppies, have brown wool color.

How many wolf live?

Since the wolves belong to the dog family, they live about as much as the dog. But the lifestyle of wolves in the wild of very severe and wolves die from diseases, injuries or disadvantages of food, earlier than their term. In the wild, on average, wolves live 10-15 years. But with good care and proper nutrition, they can live up to 20 years.

What does the wolf eat?

Wolf - a predator, tracking victims. The main types of animals with which it eats:

Antelope;
roe
moose;
boars;
Deer.

Wolves single catching mysterious rodents, gophers and hares. In the summer period, waterfowl, representatives of the tetherins, home geese are becoming. In rare cases, the wolf attacks sleeping bears, raccovid dogs, foxes. Predators often attack wounded or weakened animals.

Wolves are often returned to the remnants of animals caught by them. Also in the hungry time, predators do not disappear Padalu: Tsushy, thrown on coastline, seals, livestock corpses.

In addition to meat, animals eaten melons, watermelons, mushrooms, fruits, berries. It is more often caused by hunger, and thirst. Wolves need frequent plenty of drink, which is sometimes difficult to find.

Cannibalism - a phenomenon occurring in a flock. Patients, wounded animals often eaten stronger rations.

Wolves are most active at night. Communication is happening by voice signals. The range of sound waves, which can make a wolf, multiplying the possibilities of most animals. Exceptions are only manical and people. Animals are capable of barking, squeezing, yielding, lying, grumble, whip, howl. Absolutely every sound published by animals has a wide range of variations.

Experts note that wolves react to sounds submitted by conidors consciously. Thanks to the sounds, the pack transmits various messages to its members, denote the location of the game. Initially, the wolves are listening to the received information from their relatives, and then throw off their heads back and vibrating voice. At first, their voice is low, and then goes to high notes, captured by human hearing.

Only flock lead can serve a signal to attack. This sound resembles the growl of the angry dog.

You can hear howl wolves at dusk or at dawn, but not daily. Initially, the leader overestimates, and then the remaining members of the flock. How often ends with joint sculpted lamin. Songs of wolves - a sign of the social life of wolves. They have an emotional caustic and strengthen the cohesion of animals. In addition to this team, it allows you to find the fastest members of the pack and communicate with representatives of other groups.

Very much developed in the wolves of Nuh. The sense of smell allows predators to discover the victim at a high distance. Wolves can distinguish approximately 199 million shades of smell. Due to the smell, animals receive the bulk of the information. In the life of predators, tags, sniffing partners, transmission and receipt of information through the smell play an important role. Sources of obtaining the necessary information in wolves serve feces, urine and saliva. Cal indicates the belonging of the animal to a certain type, about its field. The number of tags is significantly increased during the gone and the formation of new steam. At the same time, males leave their mark, over the tag of females. Such behavior strengthens the pair, enhances sexual activity.

Experts concluded that in 89% of cases, wolves detect their prey to the smell, and not thanks to the hearing.

In the process of evolution, the wolves have formed a number of physiological features, allowing them to overcome long distances in search of food. The path of several kilometers of animals can easily run at a speed of about 9 km / h. During the chase, it increases to 66. At the same time, the pieces are capable of jumping up to 4 meters, without stopping the run.

Physiological characteristics:

showing back;
streamlined chest department;
strong legs;
The membrane between the fingers allow you to reduce the load on the surface. Due to this, the wolf can quickly move along the snow-covered land.
Predators when moving are based solely on the fingers, and not on the entire foot. This method of movement makes it possible to balancing the mass.
Rear paws shorter front. They have no fifth additional finger from the side of the tune.
Stupid claws and bristle wool do not allow falling with a slippery surface.
Special blood vessels warm the paws from the cold.
Between the fingers on the paws are odorous glands. When moving, the predator leaves marks from smell. They make it possible to navigate the terrain and report the members of the flock of the movement of the leader.
Low thermal conductivity of fur allows an animal to dwell even in a harsh climate.

When the flock attacks, the wolves simultaneously cut several animals. At the same time, they tear them throat or plow the belly. First of all, predators eat the most valuable in the car, and the remains leave about the reserve.

Wolf - a highly developed being. It applies special tactics when hunting. Having hooked on cattle, they wait for him in the ambush. Piece of predators expects in the bushes, and the rest of the flock drives the victim there. In the persecution of large empty animals, for example, moose, they take it to iszor. Several wolves run for the victim, the rest of the flock of seeds behind. When predators participating in the pursuit are tired, they are replacing the full forces of Sorodi.

The relationship in the flock is altruistic. Each animal completely subordinates its interests with common needs. A different predator community would not survive. Not only physical data, but also psychological features affect the rank of animal. This is explained by the fact that the leader should take the organization of hunting for herself, sharing the farmed food among the relatives. Senior wolves are responsible for the younger. Young is unquestioned unquestioned by the requirements of more adult relatives.

Seven ranks are distinguished in the flock. Management of community members occurs without power influence. A clear organization, distribution of roles, complete freedom of choice to be or not to be in a pack - all this makes the wolf of a high-organized family, well-coherent mechanism. Social status in wolves is associated with age and animal floors. However, these indicators serve only to perform the goals. Catching prey, wolves will never hunt again until they have food.

Farm unit:

A dominant role is occupied by the leader. He is fully responsible for the rest of the relatives. The main tasks are a clear distribution of roles in the family, organization of actions, protection, selection of habitat, manual hunting. The leader has the right to start food the first, but this rule may be violated. In some cases, an adult animal is divided into prey with puppies. This situation is often found when there is a lack of food. Puppies - the future of flocks and the leader should take care of them.

The pack never challenges the right to the first piece of food. A weakened leader will not be able to ensure the safety of its relatives.

The leader does not have the right to defense. During the danger, only he decides how it is necessary to act, the flock always listens to him.

Warriors - the backbone of flocks. They provide food intake and safety of their relatives. With an external threat, only warriors enter into battle. This rank may occupy the wolves of both sexes. However, the female with puppies never participates in the protection and preparation of food.

The senior warrior can replace the leader if he dies or for some reason cannot lead the packs. He is along with the main wolf organizes protection and hunting.

Adult female, having experienced upbringing Volchat - Mother. Its basic functions are care about flock puppies. The sophisticated female does not automatically occupy this rank. When an attack on the pack, it is the mother who will lead to the safe place of all weak conifers until the warriors reflect the attack.

The older female never competes with the main warrior, but if necessary, it takes the place of the leader. At the death of the head of the pack, his role begins to play the most decent animal. At the same time, fights for the detection of a better applicant for the status of a leader is not.

During the feeding and raising of puppies, all mothers of the pack are under special care.

A special place in the life of animals is reproduced. Once a year, the flock is divided into pairs to reproduce offspring. All members of the flock can multiply. The main condition at the same time is awareness of his role in the pack. Those wolves who did not get a couple help their relatives to raise young and hunt. Couples are always created for life. If one of the pair dies, then the surviving wolf is never looking for a partner.

Guardian - the animal controlling is wicked. There are two subranges. Pestun is a young wolf that is not able to become a warrior at present because of age or young from the previous litter. These animals are completely obeying the mother, fulfill its orders. So they learn to handle the wolfes. Guardian - the first stage of learning, allowing you to purchase the necessary skills.
Uncle - a male having a family. Helps to raise young.
Signaleler - the eyes of the pack. It is he who notifies it on an impending threat. Received information analyzes more experienced wolves. Only after this is made a decision on further actions.
The puppy does not bear any responsibility. The main task is complete obedience. Adult animals show special care and custody.
Disabled is an elderly person who has the right to defense and food. Wolves always take care of their old relatives.

The reproduction of wolves

Formed once a couple never separated. If one of the partners dies, the second is never looking for a new one. Wolves always live in large families with up to 42 individuals.

A clear hierarchy is visible in the flock. The head of the community has alpha animals, further adult family representatives, lonely wolves. Lower rank - puppies. The flock often takes to itself other wolves. Upon reaching the puppies of the three-year-old age, they leave their family and are looking for a couple beyond. Animals from one litter never mate.

The marriage is the most busy time. It falls most often for the winter and spring months. The dominant pair is protected from encroachment on other animals. Free females surround the males. The struggle begins for their attention. Often fights end in death.

As soon as the pair is formed, she begins to search for Logov. All the necessary preparations are carried out before the occurs. This time helps pair to get closer.

The wolf puts off the offspring of about 64 days. 3-12 puppies are usually born. They appear on the blind. Only in two weeks they open their eyes. After some time, parents, together with the rest of the packs, feed puppies with their belonging from recently swallowed meat. When the young makes up, he has already caught extraction. At the end of the summer, the puppies are already starting to try themselves in the hunt. To the flock at this time they join the reinforcements - last year's litter, bent for the period of reproduction. In this sight, the family lives to the new flow at Wolch. Then the relegations can already participate in reproduction. In the first year of life, more than half of the litter die.

In two years, females reach puberty, males at three. Medium duration Life of predators - 16 years. The first signs of aging are already 11 years old.

The offspring of wolves appears only in the warm season. This allows you to produce food for puppies in sufficient quantity. These wolves differ from dogs that have tempera twice a year.

People considered wolves dangerous animals. Therefore, they were mercilessly destroyed. However, predators play an important role in the ecosystem. They destroy patients weakened animals preventing this epidemic.

How much wolf weighs?

Wolves are the largest representatives of the family of doggy. Their size and weight very fluctuate in species composition These predators. In length, depending on the type, the wolf can be less than a meter, but can reach two. And weight fluctuates from 20 kg to 100.

Types of Volkov

Specialists are seven separate types of predators. In addition, the gray wolf has about seventeen varieties.

Arctic

It is the rare subspecies of an ordinary gray wolf. Habitat - Greenland, North Canada and Alaska. The predator retained the natural habitat for himself due to the rare appearance of a person in the harsh, covered by eternal snowside.

Polar wolf - a large animal with a powerful physique. The males reach the size in the withers to 99 cm. Weight can reach 98 kg. Predators have sexual dimorphism. Females are inferior to males in size by approximately 16 percent.

Predators have a thick light fur with a slight redhead. The tail fluffy, the legs are long, standing short ears.

Animals are perfectly adapted to the long lack of sun during the polar night. In search of mining, they pass considerable distances on snow-covered plains. An adult wolf is able to eat eleven kilograms of meat in one reception. From the hunting caught during the hunt there is no trace. Even bones go to food. Meat predators are never chewed, but swallowed with slices.

Like the rest of the wolves, the polar is able to survive only in the flock. Most often, the group consists of 12 individuals. The chapter stands the male and female. The remaining community members are puppies from past litters and recently born. In some cases, the pack takes a lonely wolf to himself, but at the same time it obeys leaders.

Put in the group only alpha female. With the appearance of a cub from other wolf, they are immediately killed. Such severeness is explained by extremely severe habitat, in which it is difficult to feed a large amount of wipe.

The survival of animals completely depends on the size of hunting grounds. Therefore, wolves protect their borders. With the onset of winter cold, a group of predators migrates to the south, where it is easier to get food. Most often they follow the reindeer.

The polar wolf feeds absolutely everything that he can find. In the summer, his diet includes beetles, frogs, birds, lichens, fruits and berries. In winter, predators eat mostly meat of hares, lemming, sheep, deer.

The Polar Wolf pursues his prey to apply ambushes and replacing riders. The best hunting time is spring. In the warmth, the pretty fell, the deer in such conditions it becomes difficult to move and the predator is easily catching up.

Healthy and strong herbivorous danger never threatens. The pack attacks only on deer or sick animals. Attack on herd, predators break it down. So they are isolated the chosen sacrifice and kill. When the herd has time to regroup and surround his offspring with a dense ring, wolves have to retreat. A positive result can be achieved by wolves only in 11% of their attacks.

Female predators reach sexual maturity to three years. In males, this period comes to two. For a while, before the birth, the Wolf begins to prepare the lair. In the ice, the Naru's predators cannot do, therefore, the place for the appearance of puppies is the caves or recesses in the rocks.

Pregnancy flows 74 days. In the litter there are no more than three wagons. The emergence of more puppies is extremely rare. Puppies that appeared blindly and helpless. Their weight does not exceed four hundred grams. For the month they do not leave the lair. Only completely fixing they begin to leave him. All this time, the female feeds them with milk.

Caring for the offspring lies not only on Wolf, but also on the whole pack. When the mother leaves the lair for hunting, the young people look at the puppies. Even with scant reserves of food, adult wolves always feed the kids. Thus, it is possible to maintain the number of population. Due to the harsh climates, the wolves do not threaten the danger emanating from man. No hunters in the Arctic.

Upon reaching puberty, young animals leave the flock and try to create their own. They are looking for anyone not occupied by the territory and sweep her borders.

The polar wolf is listed in the Red Book. Hunt for him is prohibited.

Ruffed

Wears its name due to long fur covering it neck and shoulders. Wool in this area resembles the mane of horses. Aguarachi is found in Northern Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil. However, its main habitat is South America.

The wool of the guar of redhead, the ears are large, the muzzle is elongated. Outwardly, the wolf looks easy and tortured. The mass of the animal does not exceed 24 kg.

At Aguaraching the longest legs among the rest of the representatives of the Wolf. This structure of the limbs allows predator to find extraction in high grass. The wolf is hunting alone. It feeds on reptiles, birds, pack, aguities, plants, fruit. Often attacks sheep and poultry when going to the group.

Guaras live in pairs. It is extremely rarely contacted with its relatives. In the litter there are up to three wicras. They have black fur. The female gives birth to puppies in winter.

The view is listed in the Red Book. Today, the threat of extinction is not observed. However, the animal is very rare.

Japanese

In international classification, two subspecies of these animals are allocated:

Hokkaido or Ezo. These predators lived on Hokkaido Island. Outwardly reminded ordinary Wolf..
Honshu or Chondo.

The Maidi government appointed a reward to everyone who will bring the head of the predator. This was the beginning of the full destruction of the subspecies. In 1889, the Japanese wolf completely disappeared.

Lyry

Scientific studies have shown that South America Wolves do not live. Since 2009, an attempt was made to spread the legend about the alleged subspecies of predators. Confirm or refute the information received is currently impossible. Therefore, the liray wolf remains more fiction.

Newfoundland

Officially, the type of extinction in 1911. Predator lived on the eastern shores of Canada. The color was bright with a dark strip on the spine. Food rodents and caribou.

Because of the thick fur, there was a permanent hunt. In addition, since 1900, a lack of food was observed, which led to a sharp decrease in the number of caribou. All these factors led to the complete disappearance of Newfoundland Wolf.

Ethiopian

The phenotype of this predator is similar to fox. The view is on the verge of extinction. Because of the surprisingly beautiful fur on the animal, a constant hunt is conducted.

Maurenzensky

The most common type of wolves in the territory North America. Animals can reach weight up to 79 kg. Height in the withers - 89 cm. It feeds on deer, wapiti, sheep and elk, bison.

Alaskan wolf was transferred to the Yellowstone Park. There he adapted perfectly. His number increased by 1290 individuals. Some predators over time left protected areas and settled in the border zone. In these places they are hunting.

In the mountains of Asia there is an amazing animal. To say exactly who it is one one only appearance is extremely difficult. His body is folded like a jackal, the behavior of the wolf, and the beautiful fur resembles fox.

Red or mountain wolf - smart and beautiful predator. The mass of the animal reaches 22 kg, the length of the body does not exceed the meter. The color is bright, the tail is long and hangs almost to the ground, fur fluffy and thick. The muzzle is shortened, the ears are large rounded, highly delivered.

Depending on the habitat, a red or mountain wolf has a different wool color. However, in most cases it is reddish. In the cold season, the fur becomes thick, dense and soft. By the summer, wool flashes and becomes darker. Volctera at birth have brown color.

There are 10 subspecies of predators. Different to among themselves the size of the body, color and thickness of fur.

Red or mountain wolf lives in various locations. However, the number is insignificant. Specialists cannot say for sure whether he lives currently in Russia. Mostly red or mountain wolf lives in Asia.

The predator lives in the gorges and rocks, where the snow is constantly lying. On the plains and in the forests appears only in search of food or when moving from one territory to another. Extremely rarely animal attacks livestock.

Hunt predators in the flock. Its value does not exceed 13 individuals. In this case, there is no obvious leader in it. I get food most often in the bright time of the day. Red or mountain wolf feeds on deer, antilopes, lizards and rodents. A large flock is capable of killing a bull and leopard. With a shortage of feed, a red or mountain wolf does not happen to Padal.

Despite the fact that in the diet of the predator mainly includes meat, it does not neglect vegetable food. In the lair with newborn puppies there is always a mountain rhubarb. Experts believe that it is fading with young, fading the inflorescences of the plant treated with gastric juice.

Red or mountain wolf attacks the sacrifice from behind. He never seizes the throat of mining, unlike the rest of the pins.

An animal is distinguished by a secretive character. It always hides from people. The lair is arranged in well-protected places. Nora never digging. Well swim and jump. Possess sensitive hearing.

Because of the secretive lifestyle, the predator biology is not fully studied. Specialists with confidence can only speak that a red or mountain wolf creates a couple with one female. Raising puppies is engaged in male. In the conditions of the neo, the predator is mowed in winter. Pregnancy lasts 59 days. There is no more than 9 puppies in the litter.

In the conditions of a warm climate, young people are born throughout the year. The born puppy is externally similar to the usual wolf or German shepherd. Only after 13 days it opens his eyes. After half a year, the puppy begins to be fun as an adult. In two years, sex maturity comes.

Red

Externally, red wolf reminds gray. However, it is slightly smaller in size, his body is more slender, wool in short, ears and legs are longer. The body reaches a size of 129 cm, height up to 79, a mass of not more than 39 kg. The color of the red wolf has not one-hand. The muzzle and feet are reddish, black spin.

Predators in prairies, wetlands and mountain locations live. Flocks consist of multiple animals. Aggression in groups is completely absent.

Red wolf feeds not only meat, but also vegetable food. Prey of the predator most often become rabbits, raccoons, rodents. Extremely rarely deer. Often animals eat Padal and berries. Red wolf sometimes becomes mining and alligators.

The reproduction period lasts from January to March. Wolf bring up to 7 puppies. Cases were described when the female gave birth to 11 Volcchat. The lair is clarified under the creamy trees or on the shores of the reservoirs. In half a year, puppies become independent. Wolf lives in captivity for about 13 years, in vivo - 4 years.

Red wolf - most rare representative Pollow. He is listed in the Red Book.

Marsupial

The latest representatives of the subspecies dwell up to 1936 in Tasmania. The sample wolf had a body length near a meter, the tail is 49 cm. The males aged could reach two meters in length.

A predator skull resembled a dog, but thin on the end and thick at the base of the tail, bent the hind limbs talked about his silent nature. The wool was rude, short, very thick. Spin had a drowned hue. There were darker stripes on it. Belukho was light, the muzzle is gray. Standing ears, short, rounded.

The sore wolf had a kind of bag on the stomach, formed by the skin fold, opened back.

Initially, the animal dwells on herbaceous plains and in rigorous forests. However, with the arrival of a person, his habitat has changed. He switched to the mountains, where he did his lair in the caves and under the creamy trees. Summer wolf was a night predator, but sometimes it was worse under the rays of the sun. Hued predator alone, extremely rare couples.

Summer wolf was fed by lizards, birds, echidins. After the settlement in the Australian man, the animal began to attack on domestic cattle. Summer wolf was often joined by animals that were in cappos. The predator left the failed and unstilled game predator and never returned to her. Summer wolf had a piercing, harvested, deaf, coughing barking.

Tilacin - a silent animal. Wolf's stomach had a bag formed by the skin fold. They were laughed and young young were launched. Three months later, the puppies began to leave the bag, but they returned to it until they were nine months.

A sore wolf in artificial conditions did not multiply and lived up to 9 years.

Forest

Depending on the habitat, the phenotype of wolves changes. The colder climate, the more massive and large animals living in these conditions. On average, the proportion of gray wolf is as follows:

weight 33-63 kg;
body length 104-161 cm;
Height in the withers 67-87 cm.

These indicators make an ordinary wolf largest in the family.

One year old animals weigh 19-31 kg. On the third year of life 34-46 kg. The peak of the development of the Wolf reaches three years. In Alaska, animals achieve weight in 76 kg, in moderate latitudes, the indicator varies within 51-61 kg.

Externally, the wolf looks like a coolest large-scale dog. His legs are high and powerful. Paw, unlike dog, is more elongated. The track of the wolf has a length of up to 13 cm, width - 7. The lapse imprint is more relief, unlike dogs. It is easy to distinguish on the first middle fingers. Track track resembles a flat line.

Description of the exterior of the wolf:

Baby head;
On the sides of the elongated wide muzzle go "Benbard";
high, heavy, large skull;
expanding to the bottom, wide nose holes;
Thick long tail is always omitted. On its movement and position, you can judge the mood of the wolf and the position in the pack.
The structure of the jaw speaks of the lifestyle of the animal. Carnivorous teeth, which include the lower first molars and the upper fourth premolars, are involved in the Separation section. Fangs help the wolf drag and hold the victim. With the loss of teeth, the animal is doomed to death.
Fur long, thick, consists of two layers. Thanks to him, the wolf looks much larger than it really is. Jewish hair, which makes up the first coat of wool, protects the animal from dirt and water. The undercoat is the second layer - it is a waterproof down, which allows you to maintain heat. Link is closer to the summer. During this period, the Pooh is peeled with small lumps. To speed up the process, animals rub the skin about various items: trees trunks, stones.
The wolf puppy has dark monotonous wool, which is brightened some time. Fur color may have mixed shades from representatives of one population. The wolves are always gray, only the color gamut of the heaven is distinguished.

Many believe that the color of the wool serves to disguise. However, experts argue that fur color increases the individual features of each individual.

Eyes in animals up to 17 weeks blue, then acquire an orange tint. Extremely rarely eye color in adult wolves remains blue.

Thanks to the long-term scientific experiments, a hybrid of a wolf and a dog was removed. Declared worldwide are considered to be such rocks like Sarlos and Czech Volccakes.
During the Middle Ages, the predator was considered a servant of dark forces. Many legends, legends and fairy tales were folded using his image. The most popular is the veto or waswolf.
Wolves almost never attack a person. If this happens, the animal is most likely to hurt rabies.
Many coat of arms of European nobility were decorated with a picture of a wolf. High-ranking ranks believed that their genus appeared thanks to the shortenms.
To ensure that the battle is successful, Vikings before it began to wear predator skins, and also drank their blood.
Wolf Earth. It is so called Ireland of the 17th century because of numerous wolf flocks who lived on her lands.
With favorable weather conditions, the predator is able to hear the sound at a distance of 17 km.
Wolf is extremely hard to tame. The dream to have a predator in his house, which will be ruined the territory is not embodiment. Wolves are afraid of people, so they will hide from strangers, and not to protect their territory.
Volchanka in translation means "red wolf". Doctors in the past believed that this autoimmune disease appears after the predator bite.
The animal swims perfectly. It can overcome a distance of 14 km thanks to a small membrane, located between your fingers.
Hitler really liked wolves. To many of their military headquarters, he gave code names associated with the name of the predator.
Horrible wolf - Prehistoric animal, the main prey of which was Mammoths.
Crow is often called "Wolf Bird". This name was given to him thanks to his habit of following the predator. The bird redesets the remains of caught prey, and also uses the pings as protection.
Aztec pierced the chest with a dying acute wolf bone. It was believed that in a similar way, you can prevent death.
Powder from the predator liver was used in medieval Europe during childbirth.
Eye wolf meat can be turned into a vampire. It was so considered the Greeks.
Cherokee never hunted on this predator. They believed that the weapons who were killed by the animal would "deteriorate". Also they were afraid of revenge from the fellow of the deceased wolf.
The predator is well developed by Mimic. He uses it to communicate with relatives.
"Great God" - Translation of the Wolf Wolf from Japanese.

In India, primitive traps in the form of a pit with pointed sticks on the bottom are used to catch a predator.