Lesson on electrical safety in elementary school. Extracurricular hour "electrical safety"

GBOU "School" No. 609

Zelenogradsky district of Moscow

Class hour

on the topic: "Electrical safety"

Developer:

School teacher No. 609

Shalnova Lyudmila Vasilievna

Class hour

Topic: "Electrical safety"

Objectives: to teach schoolchildren to see the danger when using electricity, to teach them how to use household appliances at home; prevention of child injury, prevention of electric shock; cultivating respect for one's own health and the health of others.

1. Organizational moment.

2. Introductory speech of the teacher.

We all love to enjoy life, enjoy childhood, chat with friends, walk and play hide and seek in the yards, catch up, draw with chalk on asphalt, on paper. There is really so much priceless in this happy time of childhood! But let's be reasonable. Let's pay attention to the observance of safety rules that cannot be neglected in life.

Modern life is unthinkable without electricity. Electricity surrounds us everywhere: at home, on the street, in schools and kindergartens. We do not think that it can be very dangerous. We are so accustomed to the safety and reliability of electrical appliances that when we plug in an iron or a tape recorder, we do not think about the sad statistics.

3.What can happen if an electrical appliance or outlet fails?

Students' reasoning.

4. What is a transformer and where can it be found?

Students' reasoning.

5. Explanations of the teacher.

The transformer - it buzzes, the wires are wound, and what flows through them is called current.

Probably, many asked their parents what kind of house is in our yard? So, this seemingly harmless-looking house is not a house at all, but a whole transformer substation. About why this substation is needed, how useful it is, but at the same timeVERY DANGEROUS , we'll talk.

What is actually a transformer substation?Transformer substation - this is power equipment designed to increase or decrease voltages in an electrical circuit and for the distribution of electricity. It is with the help of this equipment that electricity enters our homes, and life becomes brighter and more interesting.

But, on the other hand, a transformer substation does not need to be played next to such objects! Imagine, if even from a simple socket, a light bulb can get serious injuries, then what kind of injury can you get in a transformer substation, which is under very high voltage.

6. Rules that all children should know.

Remember!

If you see a transformer substation with an open door, never go inside, as penetration into such power facilities can end in failure. Inform an adult about the open door immediately!

Always pay attention to danger signs!

9 commandments for you and your parents:

how to avoid electric shock

COMMANDMENT FIRST

Never enter transformer substations, THIS IS VERY DANGEROUS FOR LIFE!

COMMANDMENT TWO

Before turning on an unfamiliar electrical appliance, do not be too lazy to carefully read the instructions (this will help not only to quickly master the new product, but will save you and those around you from very serious problems).

THE THIRD COMMANDMENT

Do not use electrical appliances in bathrooms, baths, swimming pools and saunas (an electrical wire in water is like a bite from a hundred angry cobras)

COMMANDMENT FOUR

Do not insert the plug into the socket with wet hands.

COMMANDMENT FIVE

Pull the plug out of the socket, never pull the electric wire with your hands, a short circuit may occur.

COMMANDMENT SIX

In no case do not approach the bare wire and do not touch it. May be electrocuted.

THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT

Never wipe the switched on electrical appliances with a damp cloth.

COMMANDMENT EIGHT

Do not extinguish fired electrical appliances with water.

COMMANDMENT NINE

In the event of an electrical fire, call the fire department "01".

7. Questions after the conversation

Where can we meet electricity?

What is a transformer substation?

Why is a transformer substation useful, but very dangerous?

What should be done if the door is open in the transformer substation?

What should be shown on a hazard warning sign?

8. The results of the class hour.

Try from memory to list all 9 commandments "HOW TO AVOID THE HAZARD OF ELECTRIC SHOCK".

Children are the flowers of life. And if we want the flowers to grow beautiful and healthy, we need to take care of them and protect them, preventing any negative impact. It's unbearably painful when the flowers die...

So the company in which I work does not like something to happen to the “flowers”, trying to monitor not only the state of its production facilities, but also the educational component of the population. To this end, for the third year in Yakutka, a program for the prevention of children's electrical injuries has been implemented.

How does this happen? The company has adopted a whole program of events that take place in the spring, closer to summer, because according to statistics, the level of children's electrical injuries increases in summer.

For the events, our press service developed, together with the design studio "Pilgrim", various samples of handouts: memo books, lesson schedules, posters.

During the period of the events, a list of schools in Yakutsk is compiled, which are distributed according to areas of responsibility. A group of workers is assigned to each zone, which will have to conduct several lessons on the prevention of children's electrical injuries. This is not amateur performance, tk. the training program is coordinated with the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

In general, we got into this program with Olei . The boss called. Set a task. Don't give, don't take, don't eat.

Let's go get a handout, a list of school phone numbers and start getting ready. We were also given a presentation according to which it was necessary to conduct a lesson. Those. everything was already prepared, and we only had to agree on the time of arrival at the school and conduct the lesson itself.

Olya sorts handouts

We arrived and were warmly welcomed. The venue was the assembly hall, with a screen installed on the stage under the projector. When we entered, the students from grades 1 to 8 were already assembled and noisy as much as they could. We went in, took the microphone and ..: “Hello, children!”, - and at once more than a dozen eyes turned their eyes on us. The lesson has begun.

We did not immediately try to bring down on the children the information that everything is bad, but we started from afar - the first question after the greeting was: "Who knows what electricity is?" And now, for sure, even those who came just to sit and did not bother where they brought him, began to look at us with interest. A couple of seconds after the question was asked, one little girl tentatively held out her hand... "Electricity is what makes my laptop work..." she said uncertainly. "Right! And who else knows what electricity is? ”, - after this question, there were already much more hands.

Who knows where electricity comes from?
- Well... Electricity comes from wires... - answered one of the children.
- Right. Where does the electricity get into the wires?
- ...
- Let me tell you then... Tell me?
- Yes!!!

So we moved on to the next part of our lesson. They told the children, at least in a primitive, but still, we think, cognitive form, how and where electricity is produced. What are the power plants. They explained in a simplified way the principle of their work and features.

What is a hydroelectric power station?

How a hydroelectric power plant works

Then we smoothly switched to the topic that electricity is not only a friend, but also a source of danger to humans. And most importantly, electricity has no color, no taste, no smell- Therefore, you should be careful when near electrical installations. In particular:

You can not play near power facilities;
- you can not climb on the supports of power lines;
- do not touch a hanging or lying electric wire, approach it closer than 8 meters;
- it is impossible to enter the territory of substations, open the doors of electrical installations and electrical panels;
- do not break the insulators, throw foreign objects on the wires;
- you can not fish near power lines;
- you can not make fires under the wires; be near power lines during a thunderstorm;
- do not pull the plug from the socket by the wire;
- do not handle the wire of household electrical appliances with wet hands;
- you can not use faulty electrical appliances and disassemble them when they are turned on;
- you can not approach and touch people who were struck by electric current. If you see a person who was shocked, you must immediately inform one of the adults about him.

We not only said what should not be done, we tried to explain in an accessible way for children why it is impossible to do this, using simple examples, so that there would be no unnecessary questions, and they immediately grasped the essence. It is important.

And yet, communicating with the audience in the form of a dialogue with elements of the game, we tried not only to check, but also to fix the information we told in the minds of the children.

At the very end of the lesson, we distributed posters and reminder books to everyone.

Well, at the very end of the lesson, we showed the children a couple of cartoons on electrical safety, which were made by order of the company.

Apparently, the children liked it, because the teachers had to persuade the children to leave the assembly hall, everyone wanted to come up to us and tell us what he remembered and what he still knows about electrical safety;)

If we talk about the atmosphere, then it is always something new when you work with children - they are always different and positive energy just radiates from them. And this, oddly enough, is the problem. Every time you have to quickly look for something that can attract their attention, some way, some approach that will interest them. If you find a common language with them, they will follow your every action. For example, how to explain to a child that "current" is deadly, despite the fact that not many of them fully understand what death is? It is necessary to give an example, to say that something will be taken away from them, something that is important to them. In our lesson, we said this: “If someone sticks their fingers into the socket, they won’t go for a walk anymore. Never". It was evident from the eyes that this struck many to the core.

Or here's another point. These are children, they love to show off to each other and be the center of attention. Therefore, the most optimal thing is to arrange a talk show with their participation. When asking a question, be sure to approach the child, ask his name and give him the opportunity to speak into the microphone. And at that moment the whole room will look at the one who answers with bated breath. And as soon as the respondent finishes his little speech, tension immediately rises - everyone wants to be in his place. In order not to be boring for children, you need to constantly talk to them. And if you need to explain something, then you can insert a mini-tale into your narrative, about a specific case or an example from life. Children love fairy tales. They remember them best.

If we talk about whether it is difficult to work for a large audience, if there is contact, it is absolutely not difficult.

Well, as a bonus, a couple of pages from the memo book:

transcript

1 Lesson on electrical safety Methodological guide for educational institutions

2 Dear colleagues! Here are guidelines for conducting an extracurricular hour on the topic "Electrical Safety", which will help convey information to children about the dangers of electric current. Power engineers of IDGC of Urals call for vigilance and compliance with the rules of safe behavior when interacting with electricity. This is especially true for children and teenagers. In order to protect children from the unwanted effects of electric current, we adults are obliged to constantly teach children the basics of life safety. It is so TERRIBLE when the cause of a tragic accident is five minutes that we did not devote to our children. Among children of different ages, cases of electrical injuries are distributed unevenly, children of primary school age are more affected by electric current. Particular attention should be paid to interaction with this particular age category and work with parents should be organized more closely. These methodological recommendations were developed by IDGC of Urals specialists for OBZh teachers, class teachers of educational institutions, and staff of children's recreation camps. They present the basic rules of conduct with electricity at home and on the street for an extracurricular hour "Electrical Safety". The methodological manual was developed jointly with the Ministry of General and Vocational Education of the Sverdlovsk Region

3 Plan for an extracurricular hour on the topic "Electrical Safety" 1. Introduction: electricity friend or foe? The concept of electricity. What it is? 2. Representation of the danger of electric current. 3. The effect of electric current on the body. 4. Rules of conduct with electricity in everyday life. 5. Rules of conduct near power facilities. 6. Help the victim from the action of electric current. 7. Warning signs for electrical safety. 8. Test for knowledge of key electrical safety rules. 1. Introduction Dear guys! You are well aware of the important role played by electricity in everyday life and education. It gives us light, heat, sets in motion various mechanisms that facilitate human work. Electricity has taken such a strong place in our lives that now it is simply impossible to do without it. She is our indispensable assistant. But, providing great help to people, electricity is fraught with mortal danger for those who do not know or neglect the rules of electrical safety, do not know how to handle household appliances, and violate the rules of behavior near power facilities. 2. Representation of the danger of electric current Danger to human life is represented by electrical installations of any voltage. Remember: there is no safe electrical current! Electrical installations are such equipment that is used by power engineers, as well as all household electrical appliances that surround us in everyday life. A person, touching the current-carrying parts of electrical installations and uninsulated wires under voltage, is included in the electrical circuit. Under the influence of voltage, an electric current flows through his body, which disrupts the normal functioning of the body, which causes convulsions, stops breathing and stops the heart. When overheating of certain parts of the body, severe burns occur. The person dies or becomes disabled. The greater the amount of current flowing through the body, the more dangerous it is! The magnitude of the current is greater, the higher the voltage under which the person turned out to be. The safe voltage is 12 volts. The most widespread in industry and agriculture and everyday life are electrical networks with a voltage of 220 and 380 volts (220 volts for lighting and household appliances, 380 volts for three-phase electric motors of machines and mechanisms). This voltage is economically beneficial, but very dangerous for humans. The greatest number of fatal accidents occur with people who are under voltage of 220 and 380 volts. Electrical appliances that you use at home and at school, electrical networks and substations that you pass in the yard, on the street and in the field are safe during normal operation. Power engineers took care to exclude accidental contact with live parts. All electrical installations have a fence, warning signs and safety posters and are locked. However, with various insulation damages, wire breaks, climbing poles, penetration into substations and electrical panels, a real threat to life arises. That is why it is so important for everyone to know the rules for handling electrical appliances and electrical wiring, to warn a friend in time from dangerous pranks near electrical lines and substations, to be able to protect themselves and other people when a network failure is detected. 3. The effect of electric current on the body The danger of electric current lies in the fact that a person does not have special sense organs to detect electric current at a distance. Electric current is odorless, colorless and operates silently. It is impossible to feel without special devices whether a given part of the electrical installation is energized or not. This leads to the fact that people often do not realize the real danger and do not take the necessary protective measures. Of great importance in the outcome of the defeat is the path traversed by the current in the human body. The defeat will be more severe if the heart, chest, brain and spinal cord are in the path of the current. The most dangerous paths for the passage of current through a person are: arm-legs, arm-arm. The immediate causes of death of a person struck by an electric current are the cessation of the heart, respiratory arrest due to paralysis of the chest muscles and electric shock. The most unfavorable outcome of an electric shock to a person will be in cases where the touch occurs with wet hands to electrical appliances or an electrical wire in a damp or hot room. Electric shock can occur in the following forms:

4 џ stopping the heart or breathing when an electric current passes through the body; џ electric burn; џ mechanical injury due to muscle contraction under the influence of current; џ blinding by an electric arc. Death usually occurs due to cardiac or respiratory arrest, or both. Under the influence of an electric current, the muscles of the body contract. If a person grasps a live piece of equipment, they may not be able to pull away without assistance. Moreover, he may be attracted to a dangerous place. Under the action of an alternating current, the muscles periodically contract with the frequency of the current, but the pause between contractions is not enough to release. Damage from electric current is determined by the strength of the current and the duration of its impact. The lower the resistance of the human body, the higher the current. The resistance decreases under the influence of the following factors: џ high voltage; џ skin moisture; џ long exposure time; џ increase in carbon dioxide content in the air; џ high air temperature; џ carelessness, mental and psychological unpreparedness for a possible electric shock. The central nervous system suffers most from the action of electric current. Due to its damage, breathing and cardiac activity are disturbed. Parts of the body with the least resistance (i.e., more vulnerable): џ lateral surfaces of the neck, temples; џ the back of the hand, the surface of the palm between the thumb and forefinger; џ hand in the area above the hand; џ shoulder, back; џ front part of the leg. Electrical burns are much more difficult to heal than conventional thermal burns. Some consequences of an electrical injury may appear after a few hours, days, months. The victim must live for a long time in a "sparing" mode and be under the supervision of specialists. 4. Rules of conduct with electricity in everyday life The rules for handling electrical appliances are not complicated and easy to remember: 1. DO NOT use electrical appliances without the permission of adults. 2. YOU SHOULD NOT replace light bulbs and fuses, repair electrical wiring and household appliances, open the back covers of televisions and radio receivers c, install bells, switches and sockets. Have an adult or an electrician do it! 3. DO NOT use switches, sockets, plugs, bell buttons with broken covers, or household appliances with damaged, charred or twisted cords. IT IS VERY DANGEROUS! YOU SHOULD NOT pass by such facts. Inform adults about injuries in a timely manner! REMEMBER, by breaking the covers of switches, bells, plug sockets out of mischief, damaging the electrical wiring, you, therefore, are committing an offense equal to a crime, since this can lead to the death of people. 4. DO NOT use faulty electrical appliances (if the TV, refrigerator or vacuum cleaner smells of burnt rubber, if sparks are visible, immediately unplug the appliance and tell adults about the faulty appliance). 5. DO NOT repair or disassemble electrical appliances yourself. 6. When turning off the appliance, DO NOT pull on the cord. Grab the plug and gently pull it out of the socket. 7. DO NOT play with electrical outlets (if you see a faulty outlet, switch, bare wire, DO NOT touch anything and immediately tell an adult about it!). 8. REMEMBER, electricity does not tolerate proximity to water (in order not to get an electric shock, DO NOT touch the included electrical appliances with wet hands or wipe electrical appliances with a damp cloth).

5 5. Rules of conduct near power facilities Power facilities are overhead and cable power lines, substations, transformer substations, distribution points. Overhead transmission lines with a voltage of 3 5, 11 0 kilovolts and above are responsible for the power supply of cities and towns. Overhead and cable power lines with a voltage of 6 and 10 kilovolts are responsible for power supply within cities and towns, as well as rural settlements. The 380 volt transmission lines both provide electricity to multi-apartment residential buildings, and 220 volts - to individual apartments. Substations and high-voltage transmission lines are divided into voltage classes: 35 and 110 kilovolts and above, and transformer substations with a voltage of 6-10 kilovolts are just those transformer boxes. Substations are designed to reduce the voltage in the AC network and to distribute electricity. Transformer substations are located in every settlement and, due to their ubiquity, pose a particular danger to the population! All power facilities carry a real danger to life! Remember the simple rules: 1. In no case should you touch or even approach broken wires hanging or lying on the ground. An electric shock can also be obtained a few meters from the wire due to step voltage. Therefore, let's agree: any wire or electrical appliance is considered live! Even if two dozen people touched it before you. And suddenly, at the same time, when you picked it up, someone a few meters away from you turned on the switch! If, nevertheless, a person has fallen into the zone of “stepping stress”, it is impossible to tear off the soles from the ground surface. You should move in the direction of removal from 8 meters of the wire with a “goose step” - the heel of the walking leg, without leaving the ground, is attached to the toe of the other leg. Remember, when you see a broken wire lying on the ground, in no case approach it at a distance closer than 8 meters. 2. It is DEADLY DANGEROUS to climb high-voltage power line poles, play under them, make fires, break insulators on poles, throw wires and other objects onto wires, fly kites under the wires. 3. If you see a broken wire, open or damaged doors of transformer boxes or electrical panels, DO NOT TOUCH ANYTHING and immediately inform an adult. 4. In no case DO NOT open stair switchboards located in the entrances of houses, climb on the roofs and houses of buildings where electrical wires pass nearby, go into the nformator booths, switchboards and other electrical rooms, touch electrical equipment, wires with your hands. 5. In the summer, while hiking or fishing, it is DANGEROUS to stop for a rest near overhead power lines or substations and fish under the wires of the power line. 6. Help for a victim of electric current It must be remembered that a person struck by an electric current can be saved, brought back to life, if he is helped correctly and, most importantly, quickly. Remember! You should not take measures to save the victim on your own. Better it will be done by adults or energy specialists. Call them for help immediately! Only a person who knows well the Rules for releasing a victim from electric current and providing first aid can provide effective assistance to a victim of electric current.

6 What steps should an adult take to help? џ Call an ambulance; џ Assess the situation. And, if possible, free the victim from the action of electric current. In no case should you touch the victim immediately. He may still be under the influence of the electric current. By touching the victim, a person can also be hit. It is necessary to turn off the power source (remove plugs, turn off the breaker). If this is not possible, it is necessary to move the current source away from yourself and from the victim with a dry, non-conductive object (branch, wooden stick). If it is necessary to drag the victim away from the electrical wire, it must be remembered that the human body through which the current has passed conducts current in the same way as the electrical wire. Therefore, bare hands should not touch the exposed parts of the body of the victim, you can only touch the dry parts of his clothes, but it is better to wear rubber gloves or wrap your hands with a dry silk cloth. џ Provide first aid until the ambulance arrives. After the termination of the electric current, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of signs of life (respiration and pulse on large vessels). In the absence of signs of breathing and pulse, urgent resuscitation measures are necessary: conducting a closed heart massage and artificial ventilation of the lungs (artificial respiration). Inspect exposed areas of the victim's body. Always look for two burns (electrical inlet and outlet). Apply a sterile or clean napkin to the burned areas. Do not use a blanket or towel for this purpose, the fibers from them can stick to the burnt surface. To improve the functioning of the heart, blood flow to it should be increased. To do this, lay the victim so that his chest is slightly lower than his legs. All victims of electric shock should be hospitalized as soon as possible. 7. Warning signs on electrical safety To prevent accidental entry into electrical installations, and thereby prevent electric shock to people, there are special warning signs and posters. They are hung out or applied to the supports of overhead power lines of any voltage, the doors of various electrical panels, STAY! VOLTAGE DO NOT GET IN! KILL which is electrical equipment, on fences and fences enclosing electrical installations. The presence of such signs implies a ban on the entry of the population into electrical installations or climbing to the support of power lines. Signs warn a person about the danger of electric shock. It is unacceptable to neglect them, and even more so to remove and tear them off! Dear guys! Do not upset your parents with your rash actions! Stop, warn your comrade against dangerous pranks near power facilities! This will save his life! If you find a broken wire, sparking, damage to poles, insulators, open or damaged doors of transformer substations or electrical panels, if you find torn signs and posters on electrical safety, in order to avoid accidents, you must immediately inform adults or call 112. Sometimes it seems that trouble can happen with anyone but us. This is a deceptive impression! Be careful guys! Take care of your life and the lives of your friends! 8. Quiz for knowledge of key electrical safety rules Where does a person meet with electricity? What are the main causes of electric shock to a person? Why is it dangerous to use electrical appliances without adult permission? Is it possible to use the TV, kettle, vacuum cleaner if they are out of order? 5. What should be done if the contacts in the socket sparkle and smell burnt? 6. Why can't you touch the bare ends of the wire? 7. How should you behave on the street so as not to get an electric shock? 8. What should you pay attention to when choosing a place for games? And for fishing? 9. What should you do if you see a broken wire on the street? 10. What should you do if you see an electric shock victim? How to provide assistance to the victim? 11. What do the warning signs mean?

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Lesson on electrical safety

in 1 B class

"The World of Electricity"

During the classes

I.Organizing time

Introduction by the teacher.

Guys, listen carefully to the riddle and guess it:

I run along the paths

I can't live without paths.

Where am I, guys, no,

The lights won't turn on in the house. ( electricity)

Do you think a person needs electricity? Yes.

What are the benefits of electricity to humans? Refrigerators, washing machines, kettles, computers, TVs, trolleybuses work from electricity.

Doctors, accountants, teachers, installers, trolleybus drivers will not be able to work without electricity. Because many of the appliances that people need are powered by electricity. Without electric current, a dentist will not be able to treat a tooth, a trolleybus driver will not be able to transport passengers, an installer will not be able to grind a part on a machine.

Conclusion:But every person must remember that electric current is needed, but it is not safe for life.

(Knock on the door. Forest animals enter the class: a hare and a fox)

Hare: Oh trouble, oh trouble

Help us friends!

Teacher: What's happened? What's happened?

Scene (squirrel ironing ribbons)

Fox: Anyuta the squirrel was stroking the ribbon

And I saw my friends through the window

And I completely forgot about the iron.

Hare: This is no joke!

That's what three minutes means

There is no tape, there is waste all around,

Almost started a fire.

Teacher: Guys, why did the squirrel almost start a fire?

(Answers of children). The squirrel threw the included iron on a ribbon.

Teacher: How to be? How can we be?

How to help the animals?

Teacher: I know one secret.

So that there are no more troubles

We invite all the animals

Hurry up to the lesson.

Pass the forest dwellers, sit down with the guys.

II . Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

The topic of our lesson is “In the world of electricity”.

Game: "What can be dangerous"

Now we are going to play a game. I will name objects, and if you hear something dangerous, raise your hand.

(electric stove, book, electric socket, soccer ball, washing machine, table, plate, vacuum cleaner, iron)

III. Learning new material A

Today we will talk about electric current, about the rules for using electrical appliances.

Teacher: Guys, what do you know about electric current? Where is he located?

(Children's answers) In the wires of the TV, refrigerator, computer, sockets.

Teacher: Electricity is also “pipes”, only through them energy enters our house. And just as water finds a hole in a pipe and an accident occurs, so does electricity become dangerous if the wires are faulty.

A person can accidentally touch the wire with his bare hand, and he will be shocked. The wires can connect and short circuit (lights go out) or even a fire can occur. Therefore, if you see a bare wire, a faulty switch or socket, you must immediately tell an adult about it!

The history of the emergence of electricity dates back to 550 BC.

For the first time, the phenomena now called electrical were seen in ancient China, India, and later in ancient Greece.

The surviving legends say that the ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus already knew the property of amber, rubbed with fur or wool, attract scraps of paper, fluff and other light bodies.

And you, more than once, I think, have observed that a fountain pen or a comb rubbed on your hair attracts pieces of paper.

Let's do this experience with you. You have pens and small pieces of paper on your desk. They took pens, rubbed them on their hair and brought them to the papers. What are you observing? Yes, papers are attracted to a fountain pen. This phenomenon is called electrification.

But where to our house comes electricity? (children's answers)

Electricity comes through wires.

Teacher: Electricity enters the house through wires, and it comes to the wires from power plants.

The very first power plants were windmills. (slide 2-3)

https://pandia.ru/text/78/573/images/image003_74.jpg" width="250" height="178 src=">

Then they began to build solar power plants. (slide 5)

https://pandia.ru/text/78/573/images/image005_49.jpg" width="214" height="141 src="> and nuclear power plants

III.Fizkultminutka.

Tilly - boom! Tilly - boom!

The cat's house is on fire!

The cat's house caught fire

There is a column of smoke!

A chicken runs with a bucket

Fill the cat's house

A horse with a lantern

And a dog with a broomstick.

Once! Once! Once! Once!

And the fire went out!

IV.Continued work on new material.

Teacher: Guys, so that such a disaster as a cat does not happen, what should every person know? (children's answers)

What safety rules with electrical appliances do you know?

(children's answers)

VWorking out the rules for safe handling of electrical appliances

Now we will solve riddles, and explain in what cases things are dangerous.

1. Button on the head,

A sieve in the nose

One hand

Yes, it's on the back. (Kettle.)

- When Is the kettle dangerous?

(When the kettle is turned on,not filling water into it, stick a plug into a faulty outlet, touch a working electric kettle with wet hands; they forget to turn off an ordinary kettle after it has boiledwater, etc.)

2. There is a steamer -

Back, then forward

And behind him such a smooth surface -

Not a wrinkle to be seen Iron.)

In what cases do people risk using this necessary device?

(The electric iron is left on unattended, handled with wet hands, etc.)

3. Masha messed up her jacket.

But I didn't wash it by hand.

There is a special machine -

Washes from the heart to us. (Washing machine.)

Guys, when does this irreplaceable thing for any housewife become dangerous for children? (When it is turned on without parental permission, holding the electric plug with wet hands, opening the lid during operation, etc.)

Well done! And remember: you can not stick your hand into the washing machine during operation, trying to pull something out of it. The hand can tighten and cripple. For most modern models, the hatch is blocked during operation, but if not, be vigilant yourself.

4. That's the house, one window.

Every day in the window - a movie. (TV.)

(Children and teacher discuss the rules for using the TV.)

-Generalization: So, all these things belong to the group of dangerous things - electrical appliances. They pose a threat for two reasons:

First, these items can cause a fire.

Secondly, an electric current passes through them, which can hit.

Teacher: Let's sum up our statements. What are the basic safety rules with electrical appliances?

VI.Working with proverbs about dangerous situations.

No wonder people have put together such proverbs:

"Fear is half salvation"

"Beware of troubles while they are not"

How do you understand the meaning of these proverbs?

(Student answers: you need to be careful, know and follow the rules of safe behavior so as not to get into difficult situations)

VII. Viewing the presentation "Electrical safety rules

at home and on the street »

Presentation. Rules for handling electrical appliances.

1. First rule (slide)

Never enter transformer substations.

THIS IS VERY DANGEROUS FOR LIFE!

2. Second rule (slide)

Do not use electrical appliances in bathrooms, baths, pools and saunas.

3. Third rule

Do not insert the plug into the socket with wet hands.

4. Fourth rule (slide)

Never approach or touch a bare wire. May be electrocuted.

5. Fifth rule (slide)

When pulling out the plug from the socket, never pull the electric wire with your hands, a short circuit may occur.

6. Sixth Rule

Never wipe switched on appliances with a damp cloth.

7. Seventh Rule

Do not extinguish fired electrical appliances with water.

Household appliances at school, at work. Electric current is a true friend and helper of man. And we must treat electricity carefully and carefully. And we have already talked about the dangers of handling electrical appliances.

Student: Everyone knows that iron -

A kind but serious friend.

The one who is familiar with the iron,

Doesn't play with iron.

Student: Who studies science

So appliances does not include:

Overheated outlet

It lights up frequently.

Teacher: Very often, we plug several electrical appliances into the outlet at once. For example: TV, iron, washing machine, refrigerator, computer. And this cannot be done. Because an overheated outlet can also cause a fire or short circuit.

VI.Summing up the lesson.

Teacher: Well done boys! You did a good job in class today. I think our forest guests learned what electric current is and how dangerous it is for life, where electricity comes from in our house, got acquainted with the rules for the safe handling of electrical appliances.

Hare: Oh trouble, oh trouble

Help us friends!

Fox: Anyuta the squirrel was stroking the ribbon

And I saw my friends through the window

Distracted for only three minutes

And I completely forgot about the iron.

Hare: This is no joke!

That's what three minutes means

There is no tape, there is waste all around,

Almost started a fire.

There is a booth in Sasha's yard

There is a drawing on the door.

If you want to be healthy

Don't go into this booth!

Electricity is useful

Electricity is great

But if you climb a pole -

Electricity is dangerous!

If you see - the wire is broken -

Step aside:

Because the electric charge

Dangerous for a child!

Know that the wire is bare

Not a toy at all

Nearly died once

Our neighbor Andryushka!

You can brush your teeth in the bathroom

You can wash your head

Only there we are unlikely to be

Dry hair with a hair dryer.

Student: We would shiver from the cold

It would be dark without him.

Didn't know a lot

Well, of course it would be bad.

Student: TV would not know

Neither eat nor drink

They wouldn't play Dandy either,

In general, it would be bad to live.

Student: Everyone knows that iron -

A kind but serious friend.

The one who is familiar with the iron,

Doesn't play with iron.

Student: Who studies science

So appliances does not include:

Overheated outlet

It lights up frequently.

This lesson - the conference was held as the final lesson on the topic: "Electrical phenomena" in grade 9 (according to the textbook Gromov S. V.); as an extracurricular activity during Physics Month; as an integrated physics lesson - life safety; part of the material was used in grade 11 when studying the topic: "Production, transmission and use of electricity" "Development of communications." With a two-hour program, it is convenient to consider these topics in the form of defending projects in different sections of the topic, paying attention not only to high matters, but to the reality of this phenomenon in everyday life, developing and maintaining interest in physics among students with a humanitarian mindset, on specific problems and features of life situations .

Preparatory work
At the beginning of the study of the topic in the classroom, the topic of the lesson is voiced - the conference "Electrical Safety"; groups are formed, leaders are appointed, topics of speeches are determined.
Students get acquainted with the forms of performing creative work: a poster on electrical safety, slogans, a story, a message on the topic. In the library and office there is a folder on this topic, a list of references, a presentation. All students should discuss their work with the teacher during the study of the topic.

Lesson objectives:

To teach students to work independently with additional literature and Internet resources on this topic.
To develop in students the ability to compose and make reports, messages on a given topic and design information stands.
To develop in students the ability to explain the observed phenomena.
Develop students' interest in physics.
Familiarize yourself with the rules of conduct during a thunderstorm.
In a non-standard form, introduce students to the rules of electrical safety.

Lesson Objectives:

Educational - to teach students to highlight the main thing, draw conclusions, apply knowledge in practice, give knowledge about precautions when dealing with electric current, acquire knowledge about the effects of electric current on a person.
Educational - education of the ability to listen and analyze the speeches of classmates; teaching students to take care of their health.
Developing - the development of logical thinking and cognitive activity, the development of cooperation.

Plan of the lesson-conference:
I Introductory speech of the teacher.
II Reports of class students

Lightning
History of lightning research
lightning rod
Rules of conduct during a thunderstorm
First aid for victims of lightning
The effect of electric current on living organisms
Electrical safety rules in everyday life

During the classes:

Introduction by the teacher.
Dear children, our today's lesson will be unusual and your classmates will lead it. For three weeks, we have been working on messages, reports, drawings on electrical safety in nature, everyday life and technology. They wrote stories, composed slogans, poems and ditties. Today, at a generalizing lesson, we will sum up the results, name the best ones, listen to their reports, and evaluate the results of the work of our groups.
Let me introduce you to today's speakers
(There is a presentation of the guys who prepared the messages)

Speaker #1
We all have seen lightning more than once - it is a beautiful and unsafe phenomenon of nature. It is estimated that about 100 lightning strikes occur in the Earth's atmosphere every second.