Flying ancient vehicles. Ancient flying machines and technologies of the past, silent in official history

The history of Ancient India is fraught with many mysteries. Here in a bizarre way traces and echoes of very ancient knowledge are intertwined, which, according to the prevailing notions now, simply could not be known to people of previous eras.

Special attention should be paid to information about aircraft and weapons, which are terrible in their destructive power. This is indicated by many ancient Indian written sources, the time of which is dated at least from the 3rd millennium BC. NS. until the XI century A.D. NS. Indologists have no doubt that most of these texts are originals or copies from the originals, and that among the impressive number of them, most still await translation from ancient Sanskrit.

Ancient chroniclers recounted events that were subsequently modified and often distorted by many generations of storytellers. The grain of truth in the myths that have come down to us is so densely shrouded in later layers that it is sometimes difficult to isolate the original fact. However, in the opinion of many specialists in Indologists, in the Sanskrit texts, under the millennial "fantastic" layers, information about the knowledge that people really possessed in time immemorial is hidden.

Aircraft in the Vedas

Flying machines are mentioned in more than 20 ancient Indian texts. The oldest of these texts are the Vedas, compiled, according to the majority of Indologists, no later than 2500 BC. NS. (The German orientalist G.G. Jacobi dates them to 4500 BC, and the Indian researcher V.G. Tilak even to 6000 BC).

Aircrafts are described in 150 verses of "Rig Veda", "Yajur Veda", "Atharva Veda". One of these "air chariots that flew without a horse" was built by the divine master Ribhu. "… The chariot moved faster than thought, like a bird in the sky, rising to the Sun and Moonand descending to Earth with a loud roar ... " The chariot was driven by three pilots; she was able to take on board 7-8 passengers, could land both on land and on water.

The ancient author also indicates the technical characteristics of the chariot: a three-storey triangular-shaped apparatus with two wings and three wheels that retract during flight, was made of several types of metal and worked on liquids called madhu, rasa and anna. Analyzing this and other Sanskrit texts, Professor D.K. Kanjilal, author of Vimanas of Ancient India (1985), concluded that rasa is mercury, madhu is alcohol made from honey or fruit juice, anna is alcohol from fermented rice or vegetable oil.

Vedic texts describe celestial chariots of various types and sizes: "agnihotravimana" with two engines, "elephant-vimana" with more big amount engines and others, called "kingfisher", "ibis", as well as by the name of other animals. Examples of chariot flights are also given (gods and some of the mortals flew on them). For example, here is how the flight of a chariot belonging to the Maruts is described: "... Houses and trees trembled, and small plants were uprooted by a terrifying wind, caves in the mountains were filled with a roar, and the sky seemed to split into pieces or fall from the tremendous speed and mighty roar of the air crew ...".

Aircraft in the "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana"

Many mentions of air chariots (vimanas and agnihotras) are found in the great epic of the Indian people "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana". Both poems describe in detail the appearance and structure of aircraft: "iron machines, smooth and shiny, with roaring flames erupting from them"; "double-decked round ships with holes and a dome"; " two-story celestial chariots with many windows sparkling with red flames " , which " rose up, to the place where both the Sun and the Stars are visible at the same time " . It is also indicated here that the flight of the vehicles was accompanied by a melodic ringing or a loud sound; fire was often seen during the flight. They could hover, hovering in the air, move up and down, back and forth, rush with the speed of the wind, or travel great distances. "v blink of an eye "," with the speed of thought " .

From the analysis of ancient texts, we can conclude that vimanas- the fastest and least noisy aircraft; flight is agnihotra accompanied by a roar, flashes of fire or outbursts of flame (apparently, their name comes from "agni" - fire).

Ancient Indian texts claim that there were flying machines for wandering within the "Surya mandala" and "Nakshatra mandala". "Surya" in Sanskrit and modern Hindi means the sun, "mandala" - a sphere, region, "nakshatra" - a star. Perhaps this is an indication of both flights within the solar system and beyond.

There were large aircraft that could carry troops and weapons, as well as smaller vimanas, including pleasure craft for one passenger; flights in air chariots were performed not only by the gods, but also by mortals - kings and heroes. Thus, according to the Mahabharata, the commander-in-chief Bali Maharaja, the son of the demon king Virochana, boarded the Vaihayasu ship. “… This wonderfully decorated ship was created by the demon Maya and is equipped with weapons of all kinds. It is impossible to comprehend and describe it. He was either visible or not.Sitting in this ship under a wonderful protective umbrella ... Maharaja Bali, surrounded by his generals and commanders, seemed to illuminate all directions of the world by the Moon, rising in the evening ... ".

Another hero of the "Mahabharata" - the son of Indra from a mortal woman Arjuna - received a magic vimana as a gift from his father, who also placed his charioteer Matali Gandharva at his disposal. "... The chariot was supplied with everything necessary. Neither gods nor demons could defeat it; she emitted light and trembled with a rumbling sound.With her beauty, she captivated the minds of all who contemplated her. It was created by the power of his austerities Vishvakarma - the architect and designer of the gods.Its shape, like the shape of the Sun, could not be precisely seen ... ". Arjuna flew not only in the atmosphere of the Earth, but also in Space, taking part in the war of the gods against demons ... “… And on this divine chariot, similar to the Sun, performing miracles, the wise descendant of Kuru flew up. Becoming invisible to mortals walking on earth, he saw thousands of wonderful air chariots. There was no sun or moon light,no fire, but they shone with their own light, acquired through their merits.Because of the distance, the light of the stars is seen as a tiny lamp flame, but in reality they are very large. The Pandava saw them bright and beautiful, shining with the light of their own fire ...".

Another hero of the "Mahabharata", King Uparichara Vasu , also flew in Indra's vimaana. From her, he could observe all events on Earth, the flights of the gods in the Universe, and also visit other worlds. The king was so carried away by his flying chariot that he abandoned all business and spent most of his time in the air with all his relatives.

In the "Ramayana" one of the heroes, Hanuman, who flew to the palace of the demon Ravana for Lanka, was struck by his huge flying chariot, called Pushpaka (Puspaka). " ... She shone like pearls and hovered over the tall palace towers ... Decorated with gold and adorned with incomparable works of art created by Vishvakarma himself, Flying in the vastness of space, like a ray of the Sun, Pushpak's chariot sparkled dazzlingly.Every detail in it was made with the greatest skill, as well as the ornament laid out with the rarest precious stones ...Irresistible and fast as the wind ... rushing through the heavens, spacious, with numerous rooms,adorned with magnificent works of art, enchanting the heart, flawless as the autumn moon, it resembled a mountain with sparkling peaks ... ".

And here is how this flying chariot is characterized in a verse excerpt from the Ramayana:
"... At Pushpaki, the magic chariot,
Spokes were poured with hot sparkle.
Magnificent palaces of the capital
Didn't reach her hub!

And the body was in knobby patterns -
Coral, emerald, feathered,
Zealous horses, reared on their hind legs,
And the variegated rings of intricate snakes ... "

"... Hanuman marveled at the flying chariot
And Vishvakarman to the divine right hand.

He made her flying smoothly
Decorated with pearls and said himself: "Glorious!"

Evidence of his diligence and success
This milestone shone on the sunny path ... "

Let us now give a description of the celestial chariot given to Rama by Indra: "... That celestial chariot was large and beautifully decorated, two-story with many rooms and windows.She made a melodic sound before soaring into the sky-high ... ".

And here is how Rama received this celestial chariot and fought with Ravana (translated by V. Potapova):
"... My Matali! - Indra then calls the driver, -
Take the chariot to Raghu for my descendant! "

And Matali brought out heavenly, with a wonderful body,
He tied the emerald horses to the drawbars ...

... Then the Thunderman's chariot from left to right
The brave man went around, as his glory went around the worlds.

Tsarevich and Matali, holding the reins tightly,
Rushing in a chariot. Ravana rushed to them too,
And the battle began to boil, lifting hairs on the skin ... "

The Indian Emperor Ashoka (III century BC) organized the "Secret Society of Nine Unknowns", which included the best scientists of India. They studied ancient sources that contained information about aircraft. Ashoka kept the work of the scientists secret, as he did not want the information they received to be used for military purposes. The work of the society resulted in nine books, one of which was called "The Secrets of Gravity". This book, known to historians only by hearsay, dealt mainly with the control of gravity. Where the book is today is unknown, perhaps it is still kept in some library in India or Tibet.

Ashoka was also aware of the devastating wars with the use of aircraft and other superweapons that destroyed the ancient Indian "Ram Raj" ( Rama's kingdom) several thousand years before him. The kingdom of Rama on the territory of North India and Pakistan, according to some sources, was created 15 thousand years ago, according to others, it arose in the VI millennium BC. NS. and existed until the III millennium BC. NS. The kingdom of Rama had large and luxurious cities, the ruins of which can still be found in the deserts of Pakistan, North and West India.

It is believed that the kingdom of Rama existed in parallel with the Atlantic (kingdom of the "Asvin") and Hyperborean (kingdom of the "Aryans") civilizations and was ruled by "enlightened priests-kings" who stood at the head of the cities.
The seven greatest metropolitan cities of Rama are known as the "seven cities of the rishis." According to ancient Indian texts, the inhabitants of these cities had flying machines - vimanas.

About aircraft - in other texts

The Bhagavata Purana provides information about the air attack of the combat aircraft ("iron flying city") Saubha, built by Maya Danava and under the command of the demon Salva, on the residence of the god Krishna - the ancient city of Dvaraku, which, according to L. Gentes, was once located on the Kathyavar Peninsula. This is how this event is described in L. Gentes's book The Reality of the Gods: space flights in Ancient India "(1996), translated by an unknown author, close to the Sanskrit original:
"... Salva laid siege to the city with his mighty army
O illustrious Bharata. Gardens and parks in Dvaraka
He destroyed it brutally, burned it out and razed it to the ground.
He set up his headquarters over the city, soaring in the air.

He destroyed the glorious city: its gates and towers,
And palaces, and galleries, and terraces, and platforms.
And the weapons of destruction poured down upon the city
From his terrible, formidable celestial chariot ... "

(About the same information about the air attack on the city of Dvaraka is given in the "Mahabharata")

Saubha was such an extraordinary ship that sometimes it seemed that there were many ships in the sky, and sometimes not a single one could be seen. He was visible and invisible at the same time, and the warriors of the Yadu dynasty were at a loss, not knowing wherethis strange ship. He was seen now on Earth, now in the sky, now landing on the top of a mountain, now floating on the water. This amazing ship flew across the sky like a fiery whirlwind, not for a moment remaining motionless.

And here is another episode from the Bhagavata Purana. Having married the daughter of King Svayambhuva Manu, Devahuti, the sage Kardama Muni decided one day to take her on a journey across the universe. For this he built a luxurious "air palace"(vimanu) who could fly, obedient to his will. Having received this " wonderful flying palace ", he and his wife went on a journey to various planetary systems: "... So he traveled from one planet to another, like the wind that blows everywhere, without encountering obstacles. Moving through the air in his magnificent, radiant castle in the air, which flew, obedient to his will, he surpassed even the demigods ...".

Interesting descriptions of the three "flying cities" created by the engineering genius Maya Danava are given in the Shiva Purana: " ... Air chariots, shining like a solar disk,studded with gems, moving in all directions and like moons, illuminated the city ...".

In the well-known Sanskrit source "Samarangana Sutradhara" vimanas are assigned as many as 230 stanzas! Moreover, the design and principle of action of vimanas, as well as various ways of taking off and landing, and even the possibility of colliding with birds, are described. Vimanas of various types are mentioned, for example, a light vimana, which resembled a large bird ("laghu-dara") and was "a large bird-like apparatus made of light wood, the parts of which are firmly connected." "The car was propelled by the air flow generated by the up-and-down flapping of the wings. The pilot powered them by the force generated by heating the mercury." It was thanks to mercury that the machine acquired "the power of thunder" and turned "to the pearl in the sky The text lists the 25 constituent parts of the vimaana and discusses the basic principles of making them. "The body of the vimaana should be made strong and durable, like a huge bird made of lightweight material. Inside should be placed a mercury engine [high-temperature chamber with mercury] with its iron heater [with fire] under it. With the help of the force hidden in the mercury, which drives the leader a tornado in motion, a person sitting inside can travel long distances across the sky The movements of the vimaana are such that it can rise vertically, vertically descend and move obliquely back and forth. With the help of these machines, human beings can rise into the air and celestial entities can descend to earth.".

The Samarangana Sutradhara also describes heavier vimanas - alaghu, daru-vimanas, containing four layers of mercury over an iron furnace. "Furnaces with boiling mercury make a terrible noise, which during battle is used to scare away elephants. The force of the mercury chambers can amplify the roar so much that the elephants become completely uncontrollable ...".

In "Mahavir Bhavabhuti" , The 8th century Jain text, drawn from ancient texts and traditions, reads:"The air chariot, Pushpaka, brings many people to the capital of Ayodhya. The sky is full of huge flying machines, black as night, but strewn with yellowish lights ..." .

The Mahabharata and Bhagavata Purana narrate about the same cluster of vimanas in a scene in which the wife of the god Shiva, Sati, seeing relatives flying in vimanas to the sacrifice ceremony (which was arranged by her father Daksha), asks her husband to let her go there: "... Oh unborn, oh blue-necked, not only my relatives, but also other women, dressed in beautiful clothes and adorned with jewelry, go there with their husbands and friends. Look at the sky, which has become so beautiful, because the rows of white, like swans, air ships float on it ... ".

"Vimanika Shastra" - an ancient Indian treatise on flying

Detailed information about vimanas is contained in the book "Vimanika Shastra", or "Vimanik prakaranam" (translated from Sanskrit - "Science of Vimanas" or "Treatise on flying").

According to some sources, "Vimanika Shastra" was discovered in 1875 in one of the temples in India. It was compiled in the 4th century BC. sage Maharsha Bharadwaja, who used even more ancient texts as sources. According to other sources, its text was recorded in 1918-1923. Venkatacaka Sharma in the retelling of the sage-medium, pandit Subbraya Shastri, who dictated 23 books of "Vimaniki Shastra" in a state of hypnotic trance. Subbraya Shastri himself claimed that the text of the book was written on palm leaves for several millennia and was passed orally from generation to generation. According to his testimony, "Vimanika Shastra" is part of an extensive treatise by the sage Bharadwaja, entitled "Yantra-sarvasva" (translated from Sanskrit "Encyclopedia of Mechanisms" or "All About Machines"). According to other specialists, it is about 1/40 of the work of "Vimana Vidyana" ("Science of Aeronautics").

The Vimanika Shastra was first published in Sanskrit in 1943. Three decades later, it was translated into English by the director of the International Academy of Sanskrit Studies in Mysore, India, J.R. Jossaer, and was published in 1979 in India.

The Vimanika Shastra contains numerous references to the works of 97 ancient scientists and experts on the construction and operation of aircraft, materials science, meteorology.

The book describes four types of aircraft (including those that could not catch fire or crash) - Rukma Vimana, Sundara Vimana, Tripura Vimana and Shakuna Vimana. The first of them had a conical shape, the configuration of the second was rocket-like: " Tripura Vimana "was three-tiered (three-story), and on the second floor there were cabins for passengers, this multi-purpose apparatus could be used for both air and underwater travel;" Shakuna Vimana "looked like a big bird.

All aircraft were made of metals. Three types of them are mentioned in the text: "somaka", "soundalika", "maurthvika" and alloys capable of withstanding very high temperatures. In addition, Vimanika Shastra provides information on 32 main parts of aircraft and 16 materials used in their manufacture, absorbing light and heat. The various instruments and mechanisms on board the vimaana are most often called yantra (machine) or darpana (mirror). Some of them resemble modern television screens, others are radars, and still others are cameras; Apparatus such as electric current generators, solar energy absorbers, etc. are also mentioned.

An entire chapter of the Vimanika Shastra is devoted to the description of the Guhagarbhadarsh ​​Yantra device.With its help, from a flying vimaana, it was possible to determine the location of objects hidden under the ground!

The book also speaks in detail about the seven mirrors and lenses that were installed on board the vimaanas for visual observations. So, one of them, called "Pindzhula's mirror", was intended to protect the pilots' eyes from the blinding "devil's rays" of the enemy.

Vimanika Shastra names seven sources of energy that propel aircraft: fire, earth, air, energy of the sun, moon, water and space. Using them, the vimanas acquired abilities that are currently inaccessible to earthlings. So, the guda force allowed the vimanas to be invisible to the enemy, the paroksha force could disable other aircraft, and the pralaya force could emit electrical charges and destroy obstacles. Using the energy of space, vimanas could bend it and create visual or real effects: starry sky, clouds, etc.

The book also tells about the rules for controlling aircraft and their maintenance, describes methods of training pilots, diet, methods of making special protective clothing for them. It also contains information on protecting aircraft from hurricanes and lightning and guidance on how to switch the engine to "solar power" from a free energy source called "anti-gravity".

Vimanika Shastra reveals 32 secrets that an aeronaut should learn from knowledgeable mentors. Among them there are quite understandable requirements and flight rules, for example, accounting for meteorological conditions. However, most of the secrets concerned knowledge that is inaccessible to us today, for example, the ability to make the vimana invisible to opponents in battle, increase or decrease its size, etc. Here are some of them:
"... by bringing together the energies of yasa, viyasa, prayasa in the eighth layer of the atmosphere covering the Earth, attract the dark component of the sunbeam and use it to hide the vimaana from the enemy ..."
"... by means of vyanarathya vikarana and other energies in the heart center of the solar mass, attract the energy of the etheric stream in the sky, and mix it with balaha vikarana shakti into a balloon, thereby forming a white shell that will make the vimana invisible ...";
"... if you enter the second layer of summer clouds, collect the energy of shaktyakarshana with darpana, and apply it to parivesa (" halo-vimana "), you can generate a paralyzing force, and the enemy's vimaana will be paralyzed and incapacitated ...";
"... by the projection of the Rohini ray of light one can make objects in front of the vimaana visible ...";
"... the vimaana will move in a zigzag manner like a snake, if you collect the dandavaktra and seven other energies of the air, connect with the sun's rays, pass through the winding center of the vimaana and turn the switch ...";
"... by means of the photographic yantra in the vimana to receive a television image of objects inside the enemy's ship ...";
"... if you electrify three types of acid in the northeastern part of the vimaana, expose them to 7 types sun rays and let the resulting force into the tube of the Trishirsh mirror, everything that happens on Earth will be projected onto the screen ... ".

According to Dr. R. L. Thompson from the Bhaktivedanta Institute in Florida, USA, the author of the books "Aliens: A View from the Depths of Ages", "The Unknown History of Mankind", in these instructions there are many parallels with eyewitness accounts of the peculiarities of UFO behavior.

According to various researchers of Sanskrit texts (D.K. Kandjilal, K. Nathan, D. Childress, R.L. Thompson, etc.), despite the fact that the illustrations of "Vimanika Shastra" terms and ideas that may be genuine. And no one doubts the authenticity of the Vedas, Mahabharata, Ramayana and other ancient Sanskrit texts, which describe flying vehicles.

VIMANS - AIRCRAFT OF ANCIENT INDIA

COSMONAUTS IN ANCIENT INDIA?

http://anomalia.kulichki.ru/text2/048.htm

When morning came, Rama took the heavenly ship and prepared to take off. That ship was large and beautifully decorated, two stories high with many rooms and windows. The ship made a melodic sound before soaring into the sky-high heights ... This is how the ancient Indian epic "Ramayana" describes the start of a god-hero in a heavenly ship.

There, the evil demon Ravana kidnapped Sita, Rama's wife, put her in his ship and rushed home. However, he did not manage to go far: Rama caught up with the kidnapper on his "fiery" apparatus, knocked out Ravana's ship and returned Sita. And Rama used a mysterious weapon - "Indra's arrows" ...

Descriptions of various flying objects - "viman" - are found not only in the Ramayana, but also in the Rig Veda (II millennium BC), other works that have come down to us from ancient times. In the Rig Veda, the formidable god Indra rushed through space in an airship, waging a war against demons, destroying cities with his terrible weapons.

The flying vehicles of the ancients were described as "surrounded by a powerful cloud of meteors", as "a summer night's flame", as a "comet in the sky."

How should these descriptions be interpreted? The easiest way is to write off messages about flying machines at the expense of fantasy, imagination. But wouldn't even a skeptic be alerted by the following detail: Indian gods and heroes are fighting in the heavens not on dragons or birds, but on manned "flying machines" with terrible weapons on board? The descriptions contain a very real technological basis.

So, the book "Vimanik Prakaranam" (in translation from Sanskrit - "Treatise on flights") appears before experts at all. Its authorship is attributed to the great sage Bharadwaj. He is also considered the author of a number of hymns of the Rig Veda. Indologists do not exclude that he was one of the Aryan missionaries who advanced along with large groups of Aryans who arrived in India, presumably in III millennium BC. from the area located north of the Black and Caspian Seas.

For the first time this book in the dead language of Sanskrit, which, according to some experts, is only the fortieth (!) Part of the work "Vimana Vidyana" ("Science of Aeronautics"), was published in 1943. Its text was recorded in the 1920s by Venkatachaka Sharma in the retelling of the sage Subraya Shastri. Subraya Shastri himself claimed that the text of the book was passed down orally from generation to generation for several millennia.

A careful analysis of a number of descriptions in this work made modern scientists seriously ask the question - did the ancient Indians really know the secrets of aeronautics? Some excerpts from the book indicate high technological knowledge among people who lived in hoary antiquity.

Three substances - two solid and one liquid - obtained in the laboratory in accordance with the formulas set out in the book, were recently demonstrated by the scientist Narin Sheth at the national symposium "Science and Technology in Ancient India" held in the city of Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh).

He claims that the book reflects in detail the ideas of ancient thinkers about aeronautics, aircraft and some of their systems, the science of the Sun and the use of solar energy in aircraft.

The whole chapter "Vimanik Prakaranam", Narin Sheth said, is devoted to the description of the unique device "Guhagarbhadarsh ​​Yantra", which was installed on the aircraft. As stated in the book, with its help it was possible from a flying "vimaana" to determine the location of objects hidden under the ground. According to some experts, we are talking about the enemy's anti-aircraft weapons deployed underground.

The "Guhagarbhadarsh ​​Yantra" device consists of 12 components, including a kind of semiconductor "Chambak mani" (an alloy with magnetic properties), which is the source of "shakti" - "strength". In this case, according to Narin Shetkh, we are talking about a "source of energy radiation" capable of detecting objects hidden under the ground, sending microwave signals and receiving them.

It took Narin Sheth three years to determine the 14 materials, which, according to the formula, make up the "Chambak Mani" alloy. Then, with the assistance of the Indian Institute of Technology in Bombay, the scientist managed to make it. The alloy is described as "a black, magnetic, acid-insoluble solid material." It contains, in particular, silicon, sodium, iron and copper.

The Guhagarbhadarsh ​​Yantra is just one of 32 devices or instruments that, according to the descriptions, can be mounted on an aircraft and used to observe hidden enemy targets.

The book contains descriptions of various devices that performed, according to current concepts, the functions of a radar, camera, searchlight and used, in particular, the energy of the sun, as well as descriptions of destructive types of weapons. It is about the pilots' diet, their clothes. Aircraft, according to Vimanik Prakaranam, were made of metals. Three types of them are mentioned: "somaka", "soundalika", "maurthvika", as well as alloys that could withstand very high temperatures.

Then we are talking about seven mirrors and lenses that could be installed on board the Vimana for visual observation. So, one of them, called the "Pindjula's Mirror", was intended to protect the pilots' eyes from the blinding "devil's rays" of the enemy.

The following is a discussion of the energy sources that propel the aircraft. There are also seven of them. Four types of aircraft are named - "Rukma Vimana", "Sundara Vimana", "Tripura Vimana" and "Shakuna Vimana". So, "Rukma Vimana" and "Sundara Vimana" have a conical shape. "Rukma Vimana" is described as a three-tiered aircraft with a propeller at the base. On the second "floor" there are cabins for passengers. "Sundara Vimana" is in many ways similar to "Rukma Vimana", but unlike the latter, it is more streamlined. Tripura Vimana is a larger ship. Moreover, this device is multipurpose and can be used for both air and underwater travel.

A kind of prototype of the reusable ship can be called "Shakuna Vimana". As described in the book, it is the most technically and constructively difficult, the most maneuverable.

Analysis of "Vimanik Prakaranam", described in this book "destructive weapons" led the English researcher David Davenport to guess the reason for the sudden death of the city of Mohenjo-Daro, which belongs to the most ancient pre-Aryan civilization in the Indus River basin in Pakistan. According to Davenport, the city was destroyed by weapons of enormous destructive power.

The Ramayana mentions the destruction of a number of cities in approximately the same area. David Davenport gives such a proof in favor of his hypothesis. On the ruins of Mohenjo-Daro, the impact of a very high temperature and the strongest shock wave. Maybe this is the result of a nuclear explosion? Fragments of ceramic found at the epicenter of the alleged explosion were fused. Chemical analysis does not rule out that they were exposed to temperatures of the order of 1500 degrees Celsius.

It is no coincidence, say Indian and Western researchers, that the concepts and ideas in Vimanik Prakaranam do not correspond to the time to which the creation of this work is attributed, they are completely different from the then prevailing ideas of man about the world around him.

Even more surprising, the technology mentioned in the book is fundamentally different from modern space technology. Aircraft are propelled by some kind of internal energy, rather than using fuel. Movement in space is extremely rapid.

Is there a connection with UFOs seen by many earthlings in this century? The technological solutions and aircraft mentioned in the ancient work can be explained not only by the highly developed civilization that disappeared from the face of the earth. Isn't "Vimanik Prakaranam" the result of contacts with aliens who have visited earthly civilization since time immemorial? Perhaps the sage and missionary Bhadrawaj was a capable student with whom representatives of another civilization shared their knowledge?

Boris ZAITSEV,

Correspondent TASS.

ECHO OF FORGOTTEN KNOWLEDGE

A condescending smile has probably ripened on the lips of a skeptical reader: "So what?" and his fantasy roamed! "

It seems that everything here is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. Of course, saying "it can't be" and brushing it off is the easiest way. At the same time, aviation and astronautics in ancient India are the only absurdity for a preconceived opinion or a blinkered view. But what if we overcome the natural primary distrust and try to get a good grasp of the matter? An interesting picture opens up!

Indeed, almost all the peoples of the world have legends about "winged horses" and other "air transport", but Indian sources contain, as a reader from Boris Zaitsev's article might have noticed, technical characteristics, information about the principle of operation of engines and materials necessary for the construction "air chariots" - viman. It is noteworthy that with the beginning of the modern era of aeronautics, a neologism arose in the languages ​​of almost all peoples of the world - airplane, "airship". But in Hindi, which leads a genealogy from the now dead Sanskrit, such a new word was not needed, because since ancient times there was the concept of "vimana", which is easily applicable to a modern aircraft. The word could not arise out of nowhere, out of nothing, as they say, out of nowhere. Indeed, even in his fantasies, a person starts from practice.

The history of Ancient India is fraught with many mysteries, it clearly traces or echoes of "illegal" knowledge for that era, that is, knowledge that, according to our current ideas about hoary antiquity, are unusual for the level and needs of people of that time. Here's just one example.

A huge enemy army approached the ashram - the abode of sages and hermits. "Shooting began, arrows whistled, furious soldiers led by the king rushed into the attack. Vasishtha raised his staff, stuck it in the ground in the middle of the road leading to the gate and, without looking back, returned to his hut. The onslaught of the army was repelled by the staff. Not a single soldier could all the arrows aimed at the ashram came back without causing any harm. " In the end, the king decided to resort to a superweapon - brahma astra, which has colossal destructive power. Even the gods, having learned of the king's intention, became alarmed and gathered in the heavens, looking anxiously at the earth. However, the superweapon could not overcome the barrier in the form of a simple staff ...

This episode of the Mahabharata is suggestive. What is a fairy tale? The embodiment of the eternal dream of the people about better life, about a perfect state structure, about wise humane rulers and the triumph of virtue. As for the Indian legends and tales, they conceal information about the knowledge that people possessed in time immemorial - "illegal" knowledge, under the thousand-year-old fantastic layers. Perhaps the "staff" of the hermit Vasishtha generated some kind of protective field, which neither the soldiers nor the superweapons could overcome?

Such an assumption, based on a single episode, may seem unfounded and far-fetched. But the fact of the matter is that the myths of Ancient India are literally littered with information about "illegal" knowledge. Many such facts are given in the article by Boris Zaitsev, but there are whole Everests of such facts! Among them are episodes that suggest the considerable cosmic knowledge of people of that very distant time.

So, the sage Vishwamitra created his own world and decided to send a certain Trishanka there. He "rose into the air, smoothly gained altitude and disappeared from sight." However, after a while he returned and hovered upside down above the ground. In response to the unlucky traveler's request to put him on his feet, Vishwamitra sent him back to the "other world" with the words: "Learn to accept things as they are ... And in general, what is the top and what is the bottom in that boundless space devoid of landmarks. that lies behind our blue sky? " Perhaps the sage meant that where the blue sky ends, that is, in a state of weightlessness, the concepts of up and down are relative? I repeat again: each episode considered in isolation says little, but their number and totality lead to certain reflections.

The four-faced god Brahma, the creator of the Universe, the progenitor of all living beings, rests in a state of deep thoughtfulness on a bed of lotus petals. He has his own measure of time. During the waking period, he creates the Universe, which goes through four yugas - epochs in its development. Each yuga lasts 3000 celestial years, with one celestial year equal to 3600 earth years. Thus, the four yugas are 43,200,000 Earth years. Brahma's life lasts a hundred times longer - 4.32 billion years. This period closely coincides with the age of the Earth - about 4.5 billion years. It is possible, of course, to attribute this coincidence to chance, but it can also be interpreted as an echo of forgotten knowledge about the age of our planet.

The Rig Veda gives much food for thought, in particular, the hymn of Nasadiyah. There is reason to believe that the views of its authors regarding the origins of the universe were close to our ideas about the Big Bang. But the "Rig Veda" was created in the second millennium BC. or, according to some researchers, much earlier!

Special attention should be paid to reports on aircraft in ancient India. In addition to the already mentioned vimanas, there probably also existed other "air chariots" - "agnihotra". Judging by the root "agni" (fire) in this word, the flight of agnihotra was accompanied by bursts of fire or bursts of flame.

Ancient sources claim that there were flying machines for wandering within the "Surya mandala" and "Nakshatra mandala". What is this beyond? "Surya" in Sanskrit and modern Hindi means sun, mandala - sphere, region, nakshatra - star. Is there any indication here of flights within the solar system and interstellar distances? It seems that here it will be appropriate to mention the deep conviction of the ancient Indians, reflected in myths, that the "other worlds and spaces" existing in a multitude are inhabited by perfect beings.

As soon as the point of view that the ancients had a huge array of "illegal" knowledge begins to seem well-reasoned, the question inevitably arises: where did this knowledge come from in the era that is considered to be the infancy of mankind? Among some of the researchers, it has become fashionable to attribute everything obscure to "aliens from Space". In fact, anything can be blamed on aliens: aliens - and that's it, no further explanation is required. Without denying the right of the "space version" to exist, I would venture to express a different opinion. And here is the time to talk about a superweapon of colossal destructive power, the details of which are contained in the Indian epic.

For example, in the "Mahabharata" a certain "shell" is mentioned, the explosion of which is "as bright as 10,000 suns at the zenith." Its use is truly terrible in its consequences and leads to the death of all living things. Professor Oppenheimer, amazed at the picture of nuclear testing, recalled this passage about "thousands of suns." Of course, after acquaintance with the "Mahabharata" an analogy arises between the episode described in it and the explosion of a nuclear bomb, but this is unlikely to be unambiguously correct: we are children of our time and we think in terms of this time. Perhaps a different time and different military equipment will suggest completely different analogies.

The superweapon in the Indian epic has several names, and all its varieties have a truly unimaginable destructive power - they can "burn this whole transitory world." I have a photocopy rare book, issued in the forties in Madras in a small edition. At one time, friends from the Indian Embassy in Moscow, knowing about my interest in Indian antiquity, ordered a photocopy for me in one of the Indian libraries. The book is called "The War in Ancient India", this fundamental work belongs to Professor V.R.Dikshitar. What is it about?

The name speaks for itself, but a close acquaintance with her is amazing. So, a whole chapter is devoted to the types of weapons used. What kind of weapons and military equipment are not here! Equipment for secret tracking of the enemy and shelter from his means of detection, a huge variety of varieties of "fire weapons", "death discs", perfect vehicles. The weapon, which even the author calls "mystical", because it is difficult to understand the principle of its action and device, it was a "shell for drying the enemy" and was called, by the way ... "drying"! Here it is, the obvious relationship of Sanskrit and Slavic languages!

It would be possible to talk for a very long time about superweapons and "illegal" knowledge of the ancients - and not only the Indians. I am addressing the interested reader to the wonderful book by Alexander Gorbovsky "Facts, Guesses, Hypotheses". The factual material collected in it is of the deepest interest. Now let's get back to the topic of our conversation.

So, the ancients have superweapons - where are they from? This question, in my opinion, reveals the most weak point in the hypothesis of aliens In fact, was it worth the cosmic gods - namely, such, most likely, aliens would appear in the eyes of people of hoary antiquity - to descend to Earth in order to give the aborigines a superweapon of terrible destructive power? Wouldn't the space mission have had a different, creative goal? Of course, it is hardly given to us to understand the logic of extraterrestrial intelligence, but even we, modern earthlings, mired in wars, mercilessly destroying the Nature that gave birth to us, have come to understand that it is imperative to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. And then the aliens who give the earthlings superweapons - fight for health ...

It seems to me that the source of the ancient knowledge that amazes our imagination is different, purely earthly. Let us recall the lines of the remarkable poet V. Ya.Bryusov:

"There were lemurs, Atlanteans and others ...

There were Egypt, Hellas and Rome ... "

Maybe there really were ancient civilizations, the memory of which has come down to us only in fragments of forgotten knowledge? There is a reasoned point of view that in time immemorial in Indian Ocean and the land areas adjacent to it, there was the continent of Lemuria, part of which fell on the territory of what is now South Asia. Some facts of modern science speak in favor of this assumption. So, in Antarctica, Africa and Hindustan - in the sediments of the same age - the remains of Listosaurs were found, which once splashed in warm shallow water bodies. The three distant regions may have been parts of a single continent, which subsequently disintegrated or sank. Perhaps there really was a Lemur civilization that perished millions of years ago? Let the mention of such hoary antiquity do not bother: according to the great Russian natural scientist Academician V.I. Vernadsky, the mind appeared on earth 15-20 million years ago.

It is possible that the super-powerful military equipment of lemurs, which found an echo in the epic of the Indians, became the cause of a gigantic cataclysm that changed the face of the planet. There is nothing improbable in this assumption. After all, shells are found on the tops of the mountains, and some parts of the ocean floor are strikingly reminiscent of ... river valleys.

In cataclysms of this magnitude, it would be naive to look for some material evidence of the existence of a highly developed technology of the past - information about deep antiquity has come down to us only in the people's memory. Most likely, specific technicalisms, for example, the names of metals and parts of aircraft, methods of building vimanas were not fully understood even by the authors of manuscripts who brought to us strange, sometimes implausible pictures of the past. Apparently, the ancient chroniclers recounted events distorted and altered by many generations of storytellers. The grain of truth in the myths that have come down to us is so densely enveloped in later layers that it is sometimes difficult to consider the initial fact.

Undoubtedly, at the same time, any fantasy starts from experience and the ancient author could not invent "out of nothing", say, a description of the structure of a jet engine. In my opinion, we should admit the existence of technology in the hoary antiquity, the level of which still amazes our imagination today. Let us recall the words of the great Confucius: "I convey, I do not compose. I believe in antiquity and love it" ...

Sergey BULANTSEV, indologist.

VIMANA - ANCIENT AIRCRAFT

(abridged)

Sanskrit texts are full of references to how the gods fought in the sky using vimanas equipped with weapons as deadly as those used in our more enlightened times. For example, here is a passage from the Ramayana in which we read:

Puspak's car, which resembles the sun and belongs to my brother, was brought by the mighty Ravana; this beautiful air machine goes anywhere at will, ... this machine resembles a bright cloud in the sky ... and the king [Rama] entered it and this beautiful ship under the command of Raghira ascended into the upper atmosphere. "

From the Mahabharata, an ancient Indian poem of unusual volume, we learn that someone named Asura Maya possessed a vimana of about 6 m in circumference, equipped with four strong wings. This poem is a treasure trove of information pertaining to conflicts between gods who resolved their differences using weapons that are obviously as deadly as those we can use. In addition to "bright missiles", the poem describes the use of other deadly weapons. "Indra's dart" is operated with the help of a round "reflector". When turned on, it gives off a beam of light, which, being focused on any target, immediately "devours it with its power." In one particular case, when the hero, Krishna, pursues his enemy, Salva, in the sky, Saubha made Shalva's vimana invisible. Without being frightened, Krishna immediately launches a special weapon: "I quickly put in an arrow that killed, looking for a sound." And many other types of terrible weapons are described quite authentically in the Mahabharata, but the most terrible of them was used against Vrish. The narration says:

"Gurkha, flying in his fast and powerful vimana, threw a single projectile at the three cities of Vrishi and Andhak, charged with all the power of the Universe. A red-hot column of smoke and fire, as bright as 10,000 suns, rose in all its glory. It was an unknown weapon, Iron Thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death who reduced to ashes the entire race of Vrishis and Andhaks. "

It is important to note that these types of records are not isolated. They correlate with similar information from other ancient civilizations. The effects of this iron lightning contain an ominously recognizable ring. Obviously, those who were killed by her were burned so that their bodies were not recognizable. The survivors lasted a little longer and their hair and nails fell out.

Perhaps most impressive and challenging, some of the ancient records of these supposedly mythical vimanas tell how to build them. The instructions are quite detailed in their own way. The Sanskrit Samarangana Sutradhara says:

"The body of the vimana should be made strong and durable, like a huge bird made of light material. Inside, a mercury engine with its iron heater underneath should be placed. With the help of the force hidden in the mercury, which sets the leading tornado in motion, a person sitting inside can travel long distances in the sky. The movements of the vimana are such that he can rise vertically, vertically descend and move obliquely forward and backward. With the help of these machines, human beings can rise into the air and celestial entities can descend to earth. "

The Hakafa (Babylonian laws) declares quite unambiguously: "The privilege of flying a flying machine is great. The knowledge of flying is among the most ancient in our heritage. A gift from" those above. "We received it from them as a means of saving many lives."

Even more fantastic is the information given in the ancient Chaldean work, Sifral, which contains over a hundred pages of technical details about the construction of a flying machine. It contains words that translate as graphite rod, copper coils, crystal indicator, vibrating spheres, stable corner structures. *

D. Hatcher Childress. The Anti-Gravity Handbook.

Many researchers of the mysteries of UFOs may overlook a very important fact. Aside from speculation that most of the flying saucers are of extraterrestrial origin or may be government military projects, another possible source could be ancient India and Atlantis. What we know about ancient Indian aircraft comes from ancient Indian written sources that have come down to us through the centuries. There can be no doubt that most of these texts are authentic; there are literally hundreds of them, many of them well-known Indian epics, but most of them have not yet been translated into English from ancient Sanskrit.

The Indian king Ashoka established a "secret society of nine unknown people" - the great Indian scientists who were supposed to catalog many sciences. Ashoka kept their work secret, because he feared that the information of advanced science collected by these people from ancient Indian sources could be used for the evil purposes of the war, against which Ashoka was strongly opposed, having been converted to Buddhism after defeating the enemy army in bloody battle. Nine Unknowns wrote a total of nine books, presumably one each. One of the books was called "The Secrets of Gravity". This book, known to historians but never seen by them, dealt mainly with the control of gravity. Presumably this book is still somewhere, in the secret library of India, Tibet or elsewhere (possibly even in North America). Of course, assuming this knowledge exists, it is easy to understand why Ashoka kept it secret.

Ashoka was also aware of the devastating wars using these machines and other "futuristic weapons" that destroyed the ancient Indian "Ram Raj" (kingdom of Rama) several thousand years before him. Just a few years ago, the Chinese discovered some Sanskrit documents in Lhasa (Tibet) and sent them for translation to Chandrigarh University. Dr. Ruf Reyna of this university recently stated that these documents contain instructions for building interstellar spaceships! Their mode of locomotion, she said, was "anti-gravity" and was based on a system similar to that used in "laghim", the unknown force of "I" existing in the human mental structure, "centrifugal force sufficient to overcome all gravitational attraction." According to Indian yogis, this is the "laghima" that allows a person to levitate.

Dr. Reyna said that aboard these machines, called "Astra" in the text, the ancient Indians could send a detachment of people to any planet, which, according to the document, could be thousands of years old. The manuscripts also speak of the discovery of the secret of the "antima" or cap of invisibility, and the "garima", which allows one to become as heavy as a mountain or lead. Naturally, Indian scientists did not take the texts very seriously, but they began to view their value more positively when the Chinese announced that they were using some parts of them for study in the space program! This is one of the first examples of a government decision to allow antigravity research. *

Chinese science differs from European science in this, for example, in Xinjiang province there is a state institute engaged in UFO research. - K.Z.

The manuscripts do not specifically say whether an interplanetary flight was ever undertaken, but mentions, among other things, a planned flight to the moon, although it is unclear whether this flight was actually made. One way or another, one of the great Indian epics, the Ramayana, contains a very detailed account of the journey to the moon in the "vimana" (or "astra"), and describes in detail the battle on the moon with the "ashvin" (or Atlanta) ship. This is just a small part of the evidence for Indian use of anti-gravity and aerospace technology.

To really understand this technology, we must go back to more ancient times. The so-called kingdom of Rama in northern India and Pakistan was created at least 15 millennia ago and was a nation of large and sophisticated cities, many of which can still be found in the deserts of Pakistan, northern and western India. The kingdom of Rama existed, apparently, parallel to the Atlantic civilization in the center of the Atlantic Ocean and was ruled by "enlightened priests-kings" who stood at the head of the cities.

The seven greatest metropolitan cities of Rama are known in classical Indian texts as the "seven cities of Rishi". According to ancient Indian texts, people had flying machines called "vimanas". The epic describes the vimana as a double-deck, circular aircraft with holes and a dome, which is quite similar to how we imagine a flying saucer. He flew "with the speed of the wind" and made a "melodic sound". There were at least four different types of vimanas; some are like saucers, others are like long cylinders - cigar-shaped flying machines. The ancient Indian texts about the vimanas are so numerous that retelling them would take whole volumes. The ancient Indians who created these ships wrote entire flight manuals for the management of various types of vimana, many of which still exist, and some of them have even been translated into English.

The Samara Sutradhara is a scientific treatise that considers air travel in vimanas from all possible angles. It contains 230 chapters describing their construction, takeoff, travel thousands of kilometers, normal and emergency landings, and even possible collisions with birds. In 1875, in one of the temples in India, the Vaimanika shastra, a text of the 4th century BC, was discovered. BC, written by Bharadwaja the Wise, who used even more ancient texts as sources. He talked about the exploitation of vimanas and included information on how to drive them, warnings about long flights, information on protecting aircraft from hurricanes and lightning, and guidance on how to switch the engine to "solar power" from a free energy source known as "antigravity". The Vaimanika Shastra contains eight chapters, provided with diagrams, and describes three types of aircraft, including those that could not catch fire or crash. It also controls 31 main parts of these devices and 16 materials used in their manufacture, absorbing light and heat, for which reason they are considered suitable for the construction of vimaanas.

This document was translated into English by J.R. Josier and published in Mysore, India in 1979. Mr. Josier is the director of the International Academy for Sanskrit Studies based in Mysore. It seems that the vimanas were undoubtedly set in motion by some kind of anti-gravity. They took off vertically and could hover in the air like modern helicopters or airships. Bharadwaji refers to no less than 70 authorities and 10 experts in the field of aeronautics of antiquity.

These sources are now lost. The vimanas were contained in "vimana grha", a kind of hangar, and it is sometimes said that they were propelled by a yellowish-white liquid and sometimes some kind of mercury mixture, although the authors seem to be unsure on this point. Most likely, the later authors were only observers and used the earlier texts, and it is clear that they were confused about the principle of their movement. The "yellowish-white liquid" is suspiciously reminiscent of gasoline, and possibly various sources of propulsion, including internal combustion engines and even jet engines.

According to Dronaparva, parts of the Mahabharata, as well as the Ramayana, one of the vimanas is described as having the form of a sphere and rushing at great speed by the mighty wind created by mercury. It moved like a UFO, going up, down, moving back and forth as the pilot desired. In another Indian source, Samara, the vimanas are described as "iron machines, well assembled and smooth, with a charge of mercury that burst out of the back in the form of a roaring flame." Another work, called Samaranganasutradhara, describes how the apparatuses were arranged. It is possible that the mercury had something to do with the movement, or, more possibly, the control system. Curiously, Soviet scientists discovered what they called "ancient instruments used in spacecraft navigation" in the caves of Turkestan and the Gobi desert. These "devices" are hemispherical glass or porcelain objects that end in a cone with a drop of mercury inside.

Obviously, the ancient Indians flew these devices throughout Asia and probably to Atlantis; and even, apparently, to South America. The letter found in Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan (supposedly one of the "seven cities of the Rishis of the Rama empire"), and still undeciphered, is also found elsewhere in the world - Easter Island! The writing on Easter Island, called the rongo-rongo script, is also undeciphered and very much reminiscent of the Mohenjo-daro script. ...

In Mahavir Bhavabhuti, an 8th century Jain text compiled from older texts and traditions, we read: "The air chariot, Pushpaka, takes many people to the capital of Ayodhya. The sky is full of huge flying machines, black as night, but littered with yellowish lights." ... The Vedas, ancient Hindu poems, considered the oldest of all Indian texts, describe vimanas of various types and sizes: "agnihotravimana" with two engines, "elephant-viman" with even more engines, and others called "kingfisher", "ibis" and names of other animals.

Unfortunately, vimanas, like most scientific discoveries, were ultimately used for military purposes. The Atlanteans used their flying machines, Wileixies, a similar type of craft, in an attempt to conquer the world, according to Indian texts. The Atlanteans, known as "Aswins" in Indian scriptures, appear to have been even more technologically advanced than the Indians, and of course had a more warlike temperament. While no ancient texts on the Atlantean Wylixie are known to exist, some information comes from esoteric, occult sources describing their aircraft.

Similar to but not identical to Vimanas, the Wailix were usually cigar-shaped and were capable of maneuvering underwater as well as in the atmosphere and even in outer space. Other devices, like the vimanas, were in the form of saucers and, apparently, could also be immersed. According to Eklal Kueshan, author of The Ultimate Frontier, the Wylixie, as he writes in a 1966 article, was first developed in Atlantis 20,000 years ago, and the most common were "saucer-shaped and usually trapezoidal in cross-section with three hemispherical engine housings underneath. They used a mechanical anti-gravity system powered by motors producing approximately 80,000 horsepower. " The Ramayana, Mahabharata and other texts speak of the disgusting war that took place about 10 or 12 thousand years ago between Atlantis and Rama and was fought with the use of weapons of destruction, which readers could not imagine until the second half of the 20th century.

The ancient Mahabharata, one of the sources of information about the Vimanas, continues to describe the terrible destructiveness of this war: "... (the weapon was) the only projectile charged with all the power of the universe. A red-hot column of smoke and flame, bright as a thousand suns, rose in all its splendor ... An iron thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death, who turned the ashes of a whole race of Vrishnis and Andhakas ... the bodies were so burned that they became unrecognizable. Hair and nails fell out; dishes broke for no apparent reason, and the birds turned white ... after for several hours all the food was contaminated ... to escape this fire, the soldiers threw themselves into streams to wash themselves and their weapons ... "It may seem that the Mahabharata is describing an atomic war! Mentions like this are not sporadic; battles using a fantastic array of weapons and aircraft are common in epic Indian books. One even describes a battle between Vimanas and Vailix on the Moon! And the above-quoted passage very accurately describes what an atomic explosion looks like and what is the effect of radioactivity on the population. Jumping into the water gives the only respite.

When the Rishi city of Mohenjo-daro was excavated by archaeologists in the 19th century, they found skeletons just lying in the streets, some of them holding their hands as if they were taken by surprise by some disaster. These skeletons are the most radioactive ever found, on par with those found in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Ancient cities, whose brick and stone walls have literally glazed, fused together, can be found in India, Ireland, Scotland, France, Turkey and other places. There is no logical explanation for the glazing of stone fortresses and cities other than an atomic explosion.

Moreover, in Mohenjo-daro, a beautifully gridded city with a plumbing superior to that used in Pakistan and India today, the streets were strewn with "black pieces of glass." It turned out that these round pieces were earthen pots that had melted from extreme heat! With the cataclysmic sinking of Atlantis and the destruction of the kingdom of Rama by atomic weapons, the world slipped to the "Stone Age". ...

Vimana is an aircraft described in ancient Indian literature. Vimanas and Vakhans are mentioned in the ancient Indian epic. Translated from Sanskrit, the epithet "vimana" means "measured, extended" and can mean both the royal palace and the chariot.
The image of the Vimaana goes back to the chariots of Indra and other Aryan deities that rode across the sky, which are mentioned in the Vedas and have parallels in the mythology of the Greeks (the chariot of Helios), the Germans (the solar carriage) and other Indo-European peoples. A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada called the vimanas "spiritual planes."
The Rig Veda (I 164, 48) gives the following description, which is at the same time an allegory of the year: « There are twelve shoals, one wheel, / Three hubs - who will comprehend this? / In it pegs are fixed together, / Like three hundred and sixty mobile and (at the same time) motionless » .
The Indian Emperor Ashoka (268 - 232 BC) founded the "Secret Society of Nine Strangers" - the great Indian scholars who cataloged many sciences. Ashoka kept their work in secret because he was afraid that the knowledge gleaned from ancient Indian sources would be used for the evil purposes of war.

"Nine Strangers" have written leeway books. One of them was called "The Secrets of Gravity". And it talks about how to control gravity. This book is known to historians, but no one has ever held it in their hands. Perhaps even today it is kept somewhere in the secret libraries of India, Tibet, or even the United States. In our century, experts share Ashoka's desire to keep such knowledge a secret, if it really exists.

Some time ago, in Lhasa (Tibet), the Chinese found a document (several millennia old) written in the ancient Indian language - Sanskrit, and sent it to the University of Chandigarh (India) for translation. Professor Ruth Reyna, who studied the manuscript, reported. that it contains instructions on how to build interstellar ships that use the principle of anti-gravity for propulsion. “This is a centrifugal force powerful enough to resist gravity,” reads the ancient document. The nature of this force is unusual: it is akin to the force hidden in the human psyche and allows a person to fly without any adaptations. Further, Professor Reina said that the document says that on board such ships (they were called "Astra"), the ancient Indians could send troops to any planet.

Naturally, Indian scholars were skeptical about the ancient manuscript. It soon became clear that the Chinese, having managed to get hold of the document, found in it very important information which they used in the space exploration program and rocket science.
The manuscript does not say what interplanetary travel was made, but it is mentioned that a flight to the moon was planned. It is also unknown whether it was successful or not. Nevertheless, it seems that it succeeded: in one of the greatest Indian epics, the Ramayana, a journey to the moon on the ship Vimana, or Astra, is described in great detail.

In order to understand what kind of ships we are talking about, we will have to penetrate deep into the checks. Fifteen thousand years ago, the Rama Empire existed in northern India and Pakistan. It was famous for large prosperous cities, the ruins of which are today found in the deserts of Pakistan and in northern and western India. The Rama Empire developed in parallel with the civilization of Atlantis and was ruled by "enlightened priestly kings."
The seven majestic main cities of the empire are referred to in ancient texts as the Seven Capitals of Rishi. The Indian epic tells that the inhabitants of these cities soared in the air in flying Vimana cars. They were circular airships with holes and a dome. This is how flying saucers appear to us. They developed "wind speed" and made "melodic sounds".
"Vimana" is mentioned so often in ancient Indian manuscripts that volumes and volumes are needed to cite all the evidence.
It is known that the ancient Indians themselves built these ships, although in the Mahabharata it is reported that the manufacturers of the vimanas were the “all-knowing people of the Yona” (ancient Greeks), and also that the four-wheeled vimana of Mayasura was twelve cubits in length and was used by the king for throwing flaming projectiles ... When, during Krishna's pursuit of his rival, the latter's chariot became invisible to sight, Krishna nevertheless struck the rival, determining the trajectory of the vimaana by sound.
The poem says that the defeated heroes fall from their horses and elephants, "as the inhabitants of the sky are thrown down from their vimanas, when their good merit is exhausted" ...
A description of the construction technology can be found in many manuscripts (some of them have been translated into English). Take, for example, Samara Sutradhara, a scholarly treatise describing all the details of the journey to Vimana. 230 verses talk about building, taking off, a thousand-mile route, normal and forced landings, even bird strikes.
Another text - "Vaymanika Sastra", written in the IV century and based on more ancient sources, tells about the management of the "Vimana", preparation for a long flight, protection of aircrafts from storms and lightning, about the use of solar energy and its other source for movement. judging by the description, which has an anti-gravity nature.
The Vaimanica Sastra has eight chapters, diagrams, descriptions of three types of airships, including instruments that do not burn or break. It also mentions 31 essential parts and 16 materials that absorb light and heat, and much more.
These ships took off vertically and were capable of hovering in the sky like modern helicopters or airships. Unfortunately, the sources used by the author of Vaymanika Sastra are now lost. It's a pity: the treatise contains references to 80 authorities and specialists of antiquity.

It is also known that "Vimana" stood on the ground in hangars. Sometimes there are references to the fact that "airships" used "yellowish-white liquid" or mercury compounds as fuel. True, the authors of the descriptions are not sure about this. This is understandable, because most of them were only bystanders, not designers. Naturally, they did not understand the essence of what they were writing about, and they were confused by the way in which these ships were moving. However, if you look at all this through the eyes of modern specialists, the "yellowish-white liquid" becomes suspiciously similar to gasoline. Probably, "Vimana" had a variety of engines, including, internal combustion jet engines and others.
In the Mahabharata and Ramayana, as well as in other books, the Vimana is described, which had the shape of a sphere and flew with great speed. The ship moved like the current UFO - freely rushing up, down, back, forward. Here is its verbatim description: "An iron machine, well built and smooth, with a load of mercury that is fired from the rear of the ship in the form of roaring flames."
In the Ramayana, Ravana's vimana is called Pushpaka (“decorated with flowers”). This "superb air chariot" resembles the Sun or a cloud gleaming in the heavenly heights. She is able to drive the owner to any point of the earth and sky. Mayasura, the king of the asuras, is named as the manufacturer of the chariot, and the god of wealth Kuvera is its first owner.
In the 13th canto of Kalidasa's poem "The Rod of Raghu", the same plot is described as in the "Ramayana". Rama, having won a victory over Ravana and having regained Sita for himself, returns to his homeland with his wife in the celestial chariot Pushpaka. Kalidasa uses this plot to describe South India from a bird's-eye view: “Look, the celestial chariot flies along the path of the gods, now in the land of clouds, now in the heights where the birds soar; and in her movement she verily obeys the dictates of my thought. ... From a great height, my gaze reaches the waters of Lake Pampa, with its shores densely overgrown with reeds, with flocks of cranes barely discernible from here, and the former sadness awakens. ... Below, near the mountain, the Mandakini River meanders, streaming its clean and clear waters; from a distance it seems quite thin, like a pearl thread adorning the breast of the earth. "

The poet compares the waters of the Ganges, seen from a height, with a necklace of pearls and emeralds, with a garland of white and blue lotuses, or with a pattern of leaves on the floor.
In the seventh act of Kalidasa's drama Shakuntala, Indra Matali's charioteer and King Dushyanta travel in a flying chariot. At first it flies over the clouds, but when it begins to decline, the author emphasizes that it passes through rain clouds and the wheels are splashed.

After that, the author notes the "soft landing" of Indra's chariot, which Dusyanta did not even notice. As noted by the philologist B. Zakharyin, this description « amazes with the accuracy of purely technical details, seemingly accessible only to a modern pilot! »
V.G. Erman exclaims: « the feeling of flight seems to live in the soul of the poet. These descriptions are so vivid and visible that one can imagine that he himself had to fly through the air and gaze at the earth from a great height. » .
In the poem of Somadeva (XI century) "Ocean of Legends", as noted by the philologist I. D. Serebryakov, « tells about airships moving with the help of mechanical engines and covering long distances at tremendous speed. They are round in shape, like a lotus flower, and are used for a variety of purposes, including, for example, to transport elephants. » .
In addition, the poem also contains such fabulous elements as flying elephants or Brahma's chariot drawn by swans. The main references to "air ships" in the poem are as follows:

Somaprabha, the daughter of the asura Maya, travels on the ship to another city to his friend Kalingasena, and then helps her find a husband;

Raja Hemaprabha builds such a ship and uses it to bring his daughter to her son-in-law;

Rajyadhara builds a ship to help Prince Naravahanadatta fly across the ocean and find his bride on the island of Karpurasambhava;

The Mayan architect teaches the art of creating ships for Prince Suryaprabhu, who finds a bride with the help of the Bhutasana ship and makes a series of journeys;

When Suryaprabha fights with Raja Srutasharman, who has elephants in his army, he also orders the delivery of the elephant army by air ships;

When a stubborn battle begins, Suryaprabha orders a detachment of chariots to be airlifted to his ally Prabhasa;

The ancient king Pushkaraksha receives a flying chariot as a gift from Rankumalin and thanks to it, as the poem says, conquers "the whole earth surrounded by four oceans";

Shiva gives Prince Naravahanadatta the Padma airship built by Brahma himself. With his help, the hero travels to the city of Wakrapura to his bride. When his army goes on a campaign, he accompanies the army on the ship, "placing his wives in his stamens, and ministers and friends in the petals";

His father Udayana uses the same divine chariot to return to his homeland.

Indian Indologist and historian Vishnampet Dikshitar in his book "Warfare in Ancient India"("Wars in Ancient India") talks about the use of vimanas in the ancient Indian wars and argues that vimanas were not at all mythical objects, but actually existed flying machines, "India's contribution to the development of aeronautical science."
By the way, at one time, Soviet archaeologists found ancient devices in the caves of Turkestan, which, it seems, were used in navigation. spaceships... These devices were in the form of a hemisphere, made of glass or porcelain, and ended in a cone with a drop of mercury inside.
In the "Vedas" - a monument of ancient Indian literature of the late II - early 1st millennium BC - "Vimana" of various shapes and sizes are described. They bore the names of various animals and birds: "Elephant-Vimana", "Ibis-Vimana", "Kingfisher-Vimana", etc.
These ships were also used for military purposes. They fought the Aswins or Atlantis — the airships of Atlantis. In the ancient texts, however, there is no mention of the ships of Atlantis, but information about them can be obtained from esoteric, occult sources.
The Aswins were not like Vimana. Often they had a cigar-like shape, they could not only fly through the air, but also swim under water. It is believed that the "Aswins" were created 20 thousand years ago by the Atlanteans. The most common form of these ships is a saucer, but a truncated pyramid with three hemispherical engines at the bottom is also mentioned.
The Ramayana and other texts tell of the terrible wars that broke out 10-12 thousand years ago between Atlantis and the Rama Empire. Until the second half of our century, people could not even imagine that there could be a weapon of such destructive power as described in ancient manuscripts.

Thus, the Mahabharata tells about the stunning atrocities of the war: “... in all their splendor, red-hot pillars of smoke and flames rose brighter than a thousand suns ... Iron lightning, giant messengers of death, erased the entire race of Vrishni and Andhaka into ashes ... the corpses were burned beyond recognition. Nails and hair fell out. For no apparent reason, earthenware crumbled. The birds turned gray. After a few hours, all food became unusable. The soldiers who escaped from the fire threw themselves into the water to wash away the ashes ... "It seems that the" Mahabharata "describes an atomic war!
These seemingly ancient tales have found their scientific confirmation. When archaeologists were excavating in Mohenjo-Daro, they found skeletons on the streets of the ancient city, many of which lay with their hands raised up, as if defending themselves from something terrible flying from the sky. The radioactivity level of these remains was dozens of times higher than the norm. They could be compared to those found in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The stone walls of ancient cities have melted and turned into glass. Such glazed stones were found during excavations of cities not only in India, but also in Ireland, Scotland, France, Turkey and other countries. The only logical explanation for this phenomenon is atomic war.
Further more. When it was possible to free most of Mohenjo-Daro from later layers, a beautifully planned city with a water supply system - more perfect than in modern India and Pakistan, opened to the eyes of archaeologists. Its streets were covered with "pieces of black glass". These were shards of earthenware that had melted from the terrible heat.
Many experts believe that after the wars with the use of atomic weapons that caused the inundation of Atlantis and wiped out the Rama Empire, a new Stone Age began. Modern history began only a few millennia later.
It can be assumed that not all Vimana and Aswins were destroyed. According to Ashoka's Nine Strangers and a manuscript found in Lhasa, they may well have been built in recent millennia; perhaps they ply the sky above us today ...
However, the skeptics, without whom it would be impossible to live, have their own opinion about the vimanas.
In particular, Vadim Andreev, in co-authorship with the correspondent of "Komsomolskaya Pravda" Svetlana Kuzina, once wrote an article entitled "Psychic microbes of ancient technologies." This article was supposed to appear in "Komsomolskaya Pravda" on September 2, 2004. However, the editor "stabbed" her, and instead of her another, more "mysterious" and "sensational" one went to press. This article contains the opinions of the authors about the Vimans, about an ancient device found near the Greek Antifiker, about a battery from Baghdad, about tungsten spirals from the subpolar Urals. Here are the opinions of the authors about the source of data on the Vimanas: “In 1930, at the International Book Exhibition in Czechoslovakia, the book“ Vimanika Shastri ”was exhibited, allegedly stored in the central archive of the city of Delhi. This did not become a special sensation - English philologists quite freely translated the foggy Indian folklore from Sanskrit. But in the seventies a new translation appeared, and it turned out that "Vimanika Shastri" is a unique guide to vimanas - the flying machines of the ancient civilization.
The chapters of the book are devoted to describing the construction of vimanas, metals and materials used in their manufacture. Instruments that are located in the cockpit are listed. One of them is somewhat reminiscent of a radar. And the rest of the equipment will probably make modern aircraft designers ponder: "To create vimans, special light alloys are needed that can withstand the destructive forces of the sky. And also - a mirror to collect and absorb energy from the environment with subsequent accumulation; a device to prevent lightning strikes; mirror external examination, with the help of which you can monitor the smallest changes in the environment; a device for changing the size and shape of the vimaan in flight; a device for creating artificial darkness; a device for detecting violations and malfunctions; a device for creating a circular protective field that protects the vimaan in flight from enemy forces.
In addition, vimanas can: move in a zigzag, like a snake; generate radiation that is destructive for all living things; become transparent, invisible, like a cloud; use the energy of the sun and air layers; emit darkness; burn enemy vehicles with bright light; instantly disguise; emit rays that paralyze. "
This is the kind of knowledge the ancient Hindus possessed - the translators determined that the book was written in the 3rd century BC. NS. sage Maharshi Bharadwaja based on even more ancient manuscripts. It would seem - an indisputable proof of the wisdom of the ancients.
However, in fact, no ancient manuscript exists. The fantastic text of this book was recorded in the 20th century from the words of a certain Subraya Shastri, who argued that the text of the book was either passed down orally from generation to generation, or was received "telepathically" from the Maharshi himself. And the tendentious translation from Sanskrit did not add accuracy to the "ancient" text. "...
Yes, in fact, the history of the creation of this work is briefly stated in the preface to the translation of Vaimaniki Sastra (in other texts of Vaimaniki Sastra) made by G.R. Joyser. He writes that previously knowledge in India was transmitted orally, but as this tradition died out, palm leaves began to be used. Unfortunately, the palm-leaf manuscripts did not last long in the Indian climate, and huge volumes of old manuscripts were lost due to the fact that they were not regularly rewritten.
According to Joyser, the lost texts "remained walled up in the heavenly ether to be subsequently discovered by a medium endowed with the gift of occult perception." In this case, the medium was Subbaraya Sastri, "a walking dictionary endowed with the gift of occult perception", which on August 1, 1918 began to dictate "Vaimanik Sastra" to a certain lord Venkatachala Sarma. The work continued until August 23, 1923, and its result was twenty-three books. In the same year, according to the instructions of Subbaraya Sastri, several drawings of the vimanas were drawn.
Mikhail Gershtein, Chairman of the Russian Ufological Commission geographic society has his own opinion: “The mentions of the vimanas, especially taken out of context, really seem very mysterious. In fact, whole flying palaces are described with furniture and canopies, elephant stalls, gardens, artificial birds and inlaid from precious stones... And some "celestial chariots" were generally harnessed by ordinary horses.
Even if the ancient Indians built jet-powered gliders, their perfection was infinitely far from the legendary one attributed to the Vimanas today. Poisonous mercury vapors were used as a source of jet thrust, according to the Samarangama Sutradhara manuscript. And the pilot had to completely despise death in order to dare to use such a machine.
Nevertheless, it is useful to study Vimaanas, since we are talking about the "blank spots" of human history. And behind the bikes, in fact, there may be the fact that the Indians really owned a certain art of aeronautics. Otherwise, their religion would not have had such a powerful layer of legends about flying machines.
As for the death of Mohenjo-Daro, it is unlikely that its end came from atomic weapons. In various places in the city, archaeologists have found random accumulations of skeletons of men, women and children, some with traces of wounds from swords or axes. "
That's it ... So where is the truth, and how close is “it near”?

Sources of information:
1. Andreev A., Kuzina S. "Mental microbes of ancient technologies"
2.Wikipedia site
3.READMAS site

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Ancient India equipment

Sergey MIKHAILOV (http://anomalia.kulichki.ru/photo2/138.htm)

Many researchers of the UFO mystery interpret their origins differently. Some believe that these are interstellar ships of aliens from other galaxies or some kind of secret weapon developed by the governments of individual countries. Others believe that the inhabitants of Ancient India and Atlantis possessed highly developed flying technology.

In many ancient Indian epic poems that have come down to us, aircraft are mentioned. Most of these poems are written in Sanskrit and have not yet been translated into other languages. It is known that the Indian Emperor Ashoka organized the Secret Society of Nine Unknowns, which included the best scientists of India. They studied ancient sources that contained information about aircraft. Ashoka kept the work of scientists in secret, because he did not want the information they received to be used for military purposes. The result of the work of the Nine Unknowns was nine books, one of which was called "Secrets of Gravity"! The current location of this book is unknown, it may still be kept in some library in India or Tibet.

Several years ago, the Chinese found some ancient documents in Lhasa and sent them to Xi'an University for translation. Dr. Sun Chen of the university believes that the documents contain direct instructions on the construction of spaceships. Their way of moving through space was anti-gravity. They were set in motion by the force of the ego that exists in the subtle wave body of the person. This energy is strong enough to counteract gravity. Dr. Sun Chen suggests that flying vehicles, called "asters" in the text, could be used to enter space. The found manuscripts also reveal the secret of the "cup of invisibility" and the way "how to become heavy, like a mountain of lead." The Chinese announced that they have included some information from ancient manuscripts in their space program.

One of the greatest Indian epic poems, the Ramayana, tells the detailed story of a trip to the moon on a vimana (or astra) and the battle of a vimana with al-vin (an aircraft from Atlantis). This story testifies that the ancient Indians possessed aerospace anti-gravity technology , which is discussed in the "Ramayana", should make an excursion into Indian history. The Rama Empire existed in what is now North India and Pakistan about fifteen thousand years ago. The ruins of the cities of this empire are still found in the deserts of Pakistan, in the north and west of India. This empire existed in parallel with the civilization in the Atlantic Ocean. The empire was ruled by highly enlightened kings-priests. In many classical Indian texts, vimana aircraft are described as double-decked circular ships with holes and a dome. Vimanas flew with the speed of the wind, making a melodic sound at the same time. In the Rama empire, there were several types of vimanas: some were saucer-shaped, others resembled long cylinders. The ancient Indian treatise "Samara Sutradhara", written in the 4th century BC on the basis of more ancient texts, tells about the construction of vimanas, their various ways of taking off and landing, and even about the possibility of colliding with birds. There is information about managing vimanas, protecting them from storms, and how to harness the energy of the sun in an anti-gravity drive. Vimans could take off vertically, hover in the air like a modern helicopter. They were built from a very durable, refractory material. Vimanas were kept in special hangars. According to Samara Sutradhara, a mysterious yellowish-white liquid, and sometimes some kind of mercury compound, was used as fuel for the vimanas. Vimanas had different engines, using different principles in their work. In addition to anti-gravity engines, the principle of operation of which is unknown to modern science, internal combustion engines, as well as rocket engines, powered by fuel, were installed on the aircraft.

In the ancient Indian "Mahabharata" there are also descriptions of vimanas, which were "iron machines, smooth and shiny, with roaring flames erupting from them," capable of moving up, down, forward, backward. In the Gobi Desert, ancient objects were found, similar to devices, which were hemispheres ending in a cone with mercury inside. A description very similar to these items is found in one of the ancient Indian poems. Obviously, the ancient Indians could fly their vimanas throughout Asia and even reach Atlantis.

The Vedas describe vimanas of various shapes and sizes. Unfortunately, these aircraft were mainly used for military purposes. According to Indian sources, they wanted to conquer the whole world, including India. The Atlanteans were more technically advanced than the Indians. Their aircraft were similar to vimanas, had the shape of a saucer and could move not only through the air, but also under water. In Indian sources, there are references to the fact that the aircraft of the Atlanteans, like the Indian ones, were propelled by anti-gravity engines.

The Ramayana, Mahabharata and other texts tell of the wars between Atlantis and the Rama empire, which took place ten or twelve thousand years ago, and the terrible weapons used then. The Mahabharata describes the destructiveness of this weapon in this way. “The projectile was charged with the energy of the heavens An incandescent column of smoke and flame, equal in brightness to a thousand suns. A lightning strike, like a giant messenger of death, burned people. Those who threw themselves into the river managed to survive, but lost their hair and nails. " It is very likely that the Mahabharata is describing a nuclear explosion. During excavations of the ancient city of Richie in northern India, archaeologists found skeletons lying in the streets, some with their hands raised, as if death had suddenly overtaken them. The bones of these skeletons were found to be radioactive. The stones of the walls of the excavated city in some places were turned into a glassy mass, which can only be explained by a nuclear explosion. Archaeologists have discovered a very complex plumbing system in the city of Richie, which once again confirms the high level of development of the Rama Empire. Obviously, she was defeated in the war by Atlantis, which, after a tectonic catastrophe, sank to the bottom of the ocean. As a result, the world returned to the Stone Age, and only a few thousand years later, the history of mankind began its new rise. As evidenced by the manuscripts found in Lhasa, during the time of Ashoka, not all vimanas were destroyed and the Nine Unknowns could investigate them.

It is interesting to note that when Alexander the Great invaded India over two thousand years ago, he was attacked by "flying fire shields" that frightened the cavalry

After the discovery of the manuscripts in Lhasa, the Chinese organized a search for vimanas, which may have been preserved somewhere in the caves of Tibet. These searches are kept secret, but according to information leaked to the press, it became known that they were unsuccessful.

So the mystery of the flying objects of ancient India remains open. Part of the eyewitness accounts can be attributed to optical effects in the atmosphere or hypnosis. Most of them deserve unconditional trust. It is likely that modern designers were able to create flying ships, similar to the vimanas, which are contained somewhere in the underground secret bases Americans, British or Russians.

In 1943, Indian scientists and engineers tried to make sense of the descriptions contained in the Vimaanilaa Shaastra. They constructed the vimaana by following them strictly. From point of view modern technology the result was not very impressive, but it must be remembered that this reconstruction was carried out half a century ago. The texts contain a description of a multi-deck "vimaana" with an electromagnetic engine. In other cases, it is said about models with a stove, from which a fire breaks out.

The aircraft, reconstructed in 1943, is equipped with insulators, electrical devices, rotors and a fire-spewing engine located at the bottom. In many cases, they describe

pyramidal models with a top in the form of a transparent dome.

Pascal Ludovissi from Luxembourg accurately reconstructed the aircraft described in ancient texts

Striking similarities between ancient Indian descriptions and modern technology.

In ancient Indian texts, a total of six thousand lines are devoted to descriptions of aircraft. And there are truly amazing things. The ancient Hindus were extremely precise in their definitions and were able to convey in their legends the fundamental differences between different vehicles. Some have wheels and are able to move only on the surface of the earth, others fly in the atmosphere, and others in space.

The ancient Indian gods were not saints, but creatures of flesh and blood with human qualities. Some of these extraterrestrial beings ruled real cities in the sky. They could be observed from Earth. They sparkled with gold and silver and moved across the firmament like stars. Sometimes wars took place between the inhabitants of heaven.

"When the three cities met in the firmament, the god Mahadeva pierced them with his terrible ray from the triple belt ... The three cities burst into flames, and Parvati hurried there to see this spectacle."

Verses 50, 62 and 77 of Drona Parva.

There are almost fifteen hundred stupas in the city of temples Borobudur. On their upper platforms sits a young Buddha, performing ritual gestures with his hands.

A young Buddha sits in a stupa, performing the helmsman's functions. He makes ritual movements with his hands.

What ritual movements do you need to perform to get to the gods? Are they not the ones that are attributed to the pilots of the "viman" in the ancient Indian texts?

Isn't a stupa a device of some ancient, unknown technology?

Isn't this also reflected in the "flying machine" of our Baba Yaga ????

On December 12, 1903, in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the Wright brothers performed the first ever long-range controlled flight in a self-propelled aircraft. In any case, this is how this event is evaluated today.

Was the feeling of flight familiar to man before, hundreds or even thousands of years ago? Some researchers are confident in the existence of data confirming this fact, but the knowledge of this - alas! - have been lost. Material evidence of flights in antiquity is presented by mysterious artifacts of South America and Egypt, as well as Egyptian rock paintings.

The first example of this kind of objects was the so-called Colombian golden airplane. It dates from 500 BC. NS. and refers to the tolima culture, whose representatives inhabited the highlands of Colombia in 200-1000. n. NS. The discovered drawings are traditionally considered by archaeologists to be images of animals and insects, but some of their elements may be associated with the technology of creating aircraft. These include, in particular: the deltoid wing and the high vertical plane of the tail.

Another example is a tombak pendant (an alloy of gold and copper in a 30:70 ratio), stylized as a flying fish. It belongs to the Kalima culture, which occupied the territory in the southwest of Colombia (200 BC - 600 AD). A snapshot of this pendant is in Erich von Deniken's book "The Gold of the Gods", published in 1972. The author believed that the find is an image of an aircraft used by unearthly space aliens. Although the figurine, according to archaeologists, was a stylized image of a flying fish, some features (in particular, the outline of the tail) have no analogues in nature.

Several other gold items were made by representatives of the Sinu culture who lived on the coast of Colombia in the years 300-1550. and famous for their jewelry art. They wore objects about 5 cm long around their necks like pendants on a chain. In 1954, the Colombian government sent part of the sinu products, along with a collection of other valuable artifacts, to an exhibition in the United States.

15 years later, a modern reproduction of one of the artifacts was provided for research by cryptozoologist Ivan T. Sanderson. He came to the conclusion that the subject has no analogues in the animal kingdom. The front wings in the shape of a triangle with smooth edges differ, for example, from the wings of animals and insects. Sanderson believed that they were more of a mechanical than a biological origin, and even went further in his reasoning, suggesting that the object was a model of a high-speed apparatus that existed at least 1000 years ago.

The appearance of an airplane-like artifact prompted Dr. Arthur Poisley to conduct an experiment in the aerospace tube of the Institute of Aeronautics in New York, and he received positive results: the object could actually fly. In August 1996, a 16: 1 replica of one of the gold models was launched into the sky by three German engineers Algund Enbom, Peter Belting and Konrad Lebbers. From the results of the study, they concluded that the artifact resembles a modern shuttle or the Concorde supersonic airliner rather than an insect.

Most of these amazing South American pendants had four wings (or two wings and a tail). They did not look like insects and birds known today. We can agree that these are stylized models, but their resemblance to airplanes and spaceships seems striking. However, if we assume that the objects are indeed models of some air vehicles that can fly, many questions arise.

The first problem is that predominantly the wings of the models are strongly shifted back, that is, they are located far from the center of gravity, which interferes with stable flight. The second is that the nose is completely different from the front of the aircraft.

Proponents of the ancient aircraft theory have done surprisingly little research to figure out the answer to the question of the origin of the artifacts. On websites, articles on aircraft in pre-Columbian America are generally referred to as objects found in tombs in South or Central America, but most of the time they do not provide information about their origin or dating. Perhaps partly because of the still rampant plundering of ancient tombs in Colombia, the contents of which then appear on the South American antiques market.

Most of the Internet sites on ancient South American aircraft are compilations of an article by Lou-Mir by J. Yankou (1996) posted on the Anomalies and Mysteries website. In conclusion, it must be said that without establishing the origin of these amazing artifacts and the culture to which they belonged, it would be rash to consider them as models of ancient aircraft.

Another model, which resembles a small plane, was found in the city of Saqqara in Egypt. Egyptologists consider it a hawk with spread wings and date it to the 4th - 3rd centuries. BC NS. She was most likely found in 1898 in the tomb of Padi Imena in the northern part of Sakkara. The item, made of sycamore, is 14.2 cm long with a wingspan of 18.3 cm and weighs about 39 g. The hieroglyphs on the bird's tail read: "Offering to Amun," and the god Amun in ancient Egypt was usually associated with rain.

The ancient model was kept in the Cairo Museum until 1969, until it was noticed by Professor of Anatomy Khalil Messiha, who noticed that it resembles a modern airplane or glider and, unlike the images of other birds in the museum, this object has no legs and feathers. ... According to Messih, the exhibit has a number of aerodynamic characteristics. After his brother, a flight engineer by trade, created a flying model out of balsa wood, Dr. Messih's confidence that the Saqqara bird was a scale model of an ancient glider was strengthened.

However, Martin Gregory of Harlow, Essex, disagrees with this conclusion. For over thirty years he has been designing, manufacturing and launching airframes. Experimenting with design, Gregory concluded that the model could not fly without the elevator (the fixed horizontal tail cover of the airplane), which the subject never had. Even after Gregory attached the elevator to the model, the results were not encouraging.

The researcher suggested that it was a weather vane or a child's toy. Larry Orkutt, a user of the Popular Mysteries website, based on data on bird figurines on the top masts of boats and ships, bas-relief images of the New Kingdom period (12th century BC) that can be seen in the Khonsu Temple in Karnak, named an object with a weather vane, which showed the direction of the wind on the ship. Orkutt also noticed traces of paint on the back and tail. This may indicate that at one time the model of the bird was colorfully painted.

The black eyes, which are actually pieces of volcanic glass sunk into the subject's head, are not visible in most photographs of the object, giving it an airplane-like appearance. So, although the bird from Saqqara has a couple of aerodynamic properties, the version that this is the only surviving model of an Egyptian aircraft seems unlikely. Most likely (this is evidenced by skillfully made boards for games and toys) the artifact was a figurine depicting a bird, or a child's toy.

Probably the most controversial evidence of flights in antiquity is the mysterious rock carvings made on the panel of the temple of the 19th dynasty Pharaoh Seti I in Abydos. These amazing drawings depict, it seems, a helicopter (possibly a tank) and something similar to either spaceship or on a jet plane. This so-called Abydos temple helicopter has become a legend.

So, can these stunning hieroglyphs be considered evidence that the Egyptians in the XIII century. BC NS. possessed technologies of the XXI century? Unfortunately, some of the photographs on the Internet have been digitally revised to emphasize aircraft-like features. However, there are other, unprocessed photographs with hieroglyphs similar to modern flying vehicles.

Katherine Griffis-Greenberg of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, like many archaeologists and Egyptologists, argues that unusual cave paintings are palimpsests - inscriptions overlaid on old ones. According to Egyptologists, in this case, a layer of plaster was applied over some images and other drawings were made.

From time to time and under the influence of weather conditions, the plaster began to fall off, leaving fragments of old and new inscriptions, which, superimposed on each other, created images reminiscent of modern aircraft. A significant part of the rock paintings are ancient Egyptian: the pharaohs who came to power tried to appropriate the achievements of their predecessors and belittle their authority. In the case of the helicopter depicted on the panel of the temple in Abydos, the following apparently happened: Pharaoh Ramsey II, who was behind such a sin, carved his own inscriptions on the stele of his predecessor, Pharaoh Seti I, so hieroglyphs with part of the title appeared in the text Ramses II, which are translated as: "One of two rulers, conquering nine foreign countries." This inscription covered the royal title of Pharaoh Seti I, originally carved in stone.

Those who believe in a helicopter from Abydos argue that in the cave palimpsests, the images drawn over the top exactly repeat the old lines - an incredible coincidence. However, there are other facts that deny the presence of aircraft in Ancient Egypt. One of them is the complete absence of mentions of any flying machines in all known sources. Ancient egypt... There should be similar images somewhere, but they are not!

In addition (this applies to all theories about ancient artifacts), there is no evidence of the existence of auxiliary technical means necessary for the creation of aircraft. Suppose that representatives of the cultures of Egypt and South America created cars, prototypes of helicopters and airplanes. But then there must be a colossal manufacturing industry, not to mention the extraction of fuels and metals. But what about the equipment of places for storing equipment?

Is it just that? If ancient people had flown modern airplanes and helicopters, there would surely be much more evidence than a collection of questionable models and a single panel of hieroglyphs carved into the temple above the doorway. Let's not deny that the human dream of flying owes its origin to many ancient cultures, including Indian literature. Perhaps it was this idea that inspired the inhabitants of South America to create mysterious models. And whether the dream was realized - this question remains controversial today.